目录
一、从句。
(1) 从句总结。
(2)从句类型。
(3)引导词(常见的引导词)。
(3.1)名词性从句:
(3.2)形容词性从句:
(3.3)副词性从句:
(4)从句举例。
(4.1)名词性从句举例。
(4.2)形容词性从句举例。
(4.3)副词性从句举例。
一、从句。
(1) 从句总结。
1.名词性从句:从句(引导词+句子/单词)直接充当句子成分。
2.形容词词性:在被修饰成分后面加从句(引导词+句子/单词)。(引导词在被修饰成分后面)
(2)从句类型。
(3)引导词(常见的引导词)。
引导从句的词称为“从属连词”或“引导词”,不同类型的从句有不同的引导词。以下是常见的引导词:
(3.1)名词性从句:
- 引导主语从句的词:that, whether
- 引导宾语从句的词:that, if, whether, whether...or not
- 引导表语从句的词:that, whether
- 引导同位语从句的词:that, whether
(3.2)形容词性从句:
- 引导形容词性从句的词:that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why
(3.3)副词性从句:
- 引导时间状语从句的词:when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till/until, now that
- 引导条件状语从句的词:if, unless, provided/providing that, as long as, on condition that
- 引导原因状语从句的词:because, since, as, now that, seeing (that), considering (that)
- 引导目的状语从句的词:so that, in order that, lest
- 引导结果状语从句的词:so...that, such...that, that
- 引导比较状语从句的词:as...as, than
- 引导方式状语从句的词:as, as if, as though, like
需要注意的是,这些引导词并不是唯一的选择,有时候从句可以省略引导词,或者使用其他词语来引导从句。同时,不同从句的引导词还可能存在一些细微的用法差异,需要根据语境和句子结构具体分析。
(4)从句举例。
(4.1)名词性从句举例。
以下是几个不同类型的名词性从句的例子:
主语从句(Subject Clause):
- That he won the competition surprised everyone.(他赢得比赛让每个人都感到惊讶。)
- Whether she will come to the party is still uncertain.(她是否会来参加派对还不确定。)
宾语从句(Object Clause):
- I believe that honesty is the best policy.(我相信诚实是最好的策略。)
- She asked if I could lend her some money.(她问我能否借给她一些钱。)
表语从句(Predicative Clause):
- The important thing is that you tried your best.(重要的是你尽了最大努力。)
- His only wish is that his parents are proud of him.(他唯一的愿望就是父母为他感到骄傲。)
同位语从句(Appositive Clause):
- The fact that she passed the exam surprised everyone.(她通过考试的事实让每个人都感到惊讶。)
- Her hope, that she would find a good job, was finally fulfilled.(她对找到一份好工作的希望终于实现了。)
这些例子展示了名词性从句在不同语法角色中的应用,主语从句作为句子的主语,宾语从句作为动词的宾语,表语从句作为主语或宾语的补语,同位语从句作为名词的解释或说明。名词性从句在句子中起着类似名词的作用,并且可以承担多种不同的语法功能。
(4.2)形容词性从句举例。
以下是几个形容词性从句的例子:
关系代词引导的形容词性从句:
- The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
- The boy who is playing soccer is my neighbor's son.(在踢足球的那个男孩是我邻居的儿子。)
关系副词引导的形容词性从句:
- He arrived late, when the party was almost over. (当晚会快结束时他到达了现场。)
- I remember the time when we first met. (我记得我们第一次见面的时刻。)
假设性形容词性从句:
- If it rains tomorrow, the baseball game will be cancelled. (如果明天下雨,棒球赛将取消。)
- Unless we hurry, we'll miss the train. (除非我们赶紧,否则我们要错过火车。)
这些例子展示了形容词性从句的多种形式,关系代词引导的从句描述被修饰的名词,关系副词引导的从句描述情境或时间,假设性从句描述条件或假设。无论哪种形式,形容词性从句都可以用来描述或者修饰名词或代词,使得语言更具丰富性。
(4.3)副词性从句举例。
以下是几个不同类型的副词性从句的例子:
时间状语从句:
- After I finish my work, I will go for a walk.(等我完成工作后,我会去散步。)
- When it rains, I always stay indoors.(下雨天我总是呆在家里。)
条件状语从句:
- If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,你会通过考试。)
- Unless he arrives soon, we will be late for the meeting.(除非他很快到达,否则我们会迟到会议。)
原因状语从句:
- Because it's raining, we will not have a picnic today.(因为下雨了,我们今天不去野餐。)
- Since you are not feeling well, you should rest at home.(既然你不舒服,应该在家休息。)
目的状语从句:
- We took an umbrella so that we wouldn't get wet.(我们带了伞,以免淋雨。)
- He went to the gym in order that he could lose weight.(他去健身房是为了减肥。)
结果状语从句:
- She was so tired that she fell asleep as soon as she lay down.(她太累了,一躺下就睡着了。)
- The road was so icy that we had to drive slowly.(路上太滑了,我们不得不慢慢开车。)
这些例子展示了不同类型的副词性从句的应用。时间状语从句描述时间,条件状语从句描述条件,原因状语从句描述原因,目的状语从句描述目的,结果状语从句描述结果。副词性从句有助于补充详细信息,使句子更加完整。