ncurses库：一个框架例程源码

初级代码游戏的专栏介绍与文章目录-CSDN博客

我的github：codetoys，所有代码都将会位于ctfc库中。已经放入库中我会指出在库中的位置。

这些代码大部分以Linux为目标但部分代码是纯C++的，可以在任何平台上使用。

折腾过字符界面下的图形化显示，挺有趣，算是一种偏门需要吧。

1 ncurses库介绍

2 例程介绍和全部源码

3 详解

3.1 主类

3.2 菜单的命令接口

3.3 CWinddow

3.4 CMenu

3.5 MessageLoop

1 ncurses库介绍

ncurses库是UNIX/LINUX上的字符终端的图形界面库，可以显示菜单，可以用光标控制。使用体验呢，聊胜于无。虽说可以看起来让控制台程序酷一点，但是因为BUG也多，值不值得看项目需要吧。

2 例程介绍和全部源码

下面就是我写过的一个库，所有代码都在一个文件里。包括菜单、状态栏、提示栏，支持鼠标操作，完整代码如下（建议先编译一下确认代码是可以编译的，然后再看后面的讲解，源码头部有一些特别说明，此源码原来是在CentOS7和8上编译的，64位。代码中如果涉及到“thelog”，这是个日志输出，酌情修改即可）：

////yum install ncurses-devel.x86_64
//-lncursesw 带w的支持中文显示，同时必须在使用这个库之前调用setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
// menu库也要带w
//如果键盘码不符合预期（比如F1-F4变成多个字符，也有F5也不对的），设置客户端的终端类型为Xterm#include <locale.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <menu.h>#define ESC (0x1b)
class CMyCurses
{
public:class ICommandExecute{private:string name;public:ICommandExecute() :name("ICommandExecute") {}ICommandExecute(char const* _name) :name(_name) {}string GetName()const{return name;}virtual bool CommandExecute(){thelog << name << " CommandExecute" << endi;}};class CWinddow{private:WINDOW* m_window = nullptr;//位置和大小int m_y = 0;int m_x = 0;int m_cols = 0;int m_lines = 0;string m_data;//总数据int m_current_begin = 0;//当前显示区域int m_current_end = 0;bool ReCreateWindow(){if (!DestoryWindow())return false;m_window = newwin(m_lines, m_cols, m_y, m_x);keypad(m_window, TRUE);return nullptr != m_window;}bool _ScrollOutput(bool bDown){if (bDown){//结束位置移动到下一行int* pInt = &m_current_end;while (*pInt < m_data.size()){if (m_data[*pInt] != '\n'){++* pInt;}else{++* pInt;break;}}}else{//开始位置移动到前一行int* pInt = &m_current_begin;if (*pInt >= 0 && m_data[*pInt] == '\n'){--* pInt;//跳过前面的换行}while (*pInt >=0){if (m_data[*pInt] != '\n'){--* pInt;}else{break;}}if (*pInt < 0){*pInt = 0;}}while (m_current_end - m_current_begin > 0){wclear(m_window);if (OK == mvwaddnstr(m_window, 0, 0, m_data.c_str() + m_current_begin, m_current_end - m_current_begin)){//thelog << "实际输出 [" << m_current_begin << "," << m_current_end << ")" << endi;return true;}if (bDown){++m_current_begin;}else{--m_current_end;}}return false;}public:bool isCreated()const { return nullptr != m_window; }bool CreateWindow(int lines, int cols, int y, int x){m_y = y;m_x = x;m_cols = cols;m_lines = lines;return ReCreateWindow();}bool DestoryWindow(){if (m_window){if (OK == delwin(m_window)){m_window = nullptr;return true;}else{return false;}}return true;}int GetCh(){Touch();return wgetch(m_window);}void Touch(){touchwin(m_window);}bool RedrawOutput(){wclear(m_window);if (m_current_end - m_current_begin > 0){mvwaddnstr(m_window, 0, 0, m_data.c_str() + m_current_begin, m_current_end - m_current_begin);}wrefresh(m_window);return true;}bool ClearOutput(){m_data = "";m_current_begin = 0;m_current_end = 0;RedrawOutput();}//滚动窗口bool ScrollOutput(bool bDown = true){wclear(m_window);if ((!bDown && 0 == m_current_begin) || (bDown && m_data.size() == m_current_begin)){//已经到顶或到底，当前区域能全部输出则不需要滚动if (ERR == mvwaddnstr(m_window, 0, 0, m_data.c_str() + m_current_begin, m_current_end - m_current_begin)){_ScrollOutput(bDown);}}else{_ScrollOutput(bDown);}wrefresh(m_window);}//追加输出bool DrawOutput(char const* data){m_data += data;m_current_end = m_data.size();if (ERR == waddstr(m_window, data)){thelog << "字符串输出出错" << ende;ScrollOutput();}wrefresh(m_window);return true;}};class CMenu{private:CMyCurses* pMyCurses = nullptr;bool bInited = false;bool bShow = false;//isMainMenu始终显示ICommandExecute* pExec = nullptr;//执行接口bool isMainMenu = false;string name;string description_original;//原始描述string description_show;//输出描述MENU* my_menu = nullptr;WINDOW* my_menu_win = nullptr;WINDOW* my_menu_win_sub = nullptr;ITEM** my_items = nullptr;int my_items_count = 0;vector<CMenu > children;public:CMenu(CMyCurses* p, char const* _name, char const* _description) :pMyCurses(p), name(_name), description_original(_description){}CMenu(CMyCurses* p, char const* _name, char const* _description, ICommandExecute * _pExec) :pMyCurses(p), name(_name), description_original(_description), pExec(_pExec){}bool isInited()const { return bInited; }bool Redraw(int level = 0){string px;px.assign(level * 4, ' ');px += name + ":";if (!isInited()){thelog << px << "尚未初始化" << endi;return true;}if (isMainMenu || bShow){//重新安装菜单，不然由于窗口没有变化，菜单不会刷新显示unpost_menu(my_menu);post_menu(my_menu);set_current_item(my_menu, current_item(my_menu));touchwin(my_menu_win);thelog << px << "刷新my_menu_win" << endi;wrefresh(my_menu_win);thelog << px << "刷新my_menu_win_sub" << endi;wrefresh(my_menu_win_sub);for (auto it = children.begin(); it != children.end(); ++it){thelog << px << "刷新子菜单" << endi;it->Redraw(level + 1);}}else{thelog << px << "不需要显示" << endi;}return true;}CMenu* getChild(int i){return &children[i];}void clearMenuItem(){children.clear();}//返回位置索引（不能是指针，vector扩展时会移动数据）int addMenuItem(CMyCurses* p, char const* name, char const* description){children.push_back(CMenu(p, name, description));return children.size() - 1;}int addMenuItem(CMyCurses* p, char const* name, char const* description, ICommandExecute * pExec){children.push_back(CMenu(p, name, description, pExec));return children.size() - 1;}bool init_main_menu(){isMainMenu = true;return init_menu(1, 0);}bool init_menu(int start_y, int start_x){/* 创建菜单项*/my_items_count = children.size();my_items = (ITEM**)calloc(my_items_count + 1, sizeof(ITEM*));for (int i = 0; i < children.size(); ++i){thelog << "创建子菜单 " << children[i].name << endi;if (children[i].children.size() > 0){if (isMainMenu){children[i].description_show = children[i].description_original + "↓";}else{children[i].description_show = children[i].description_original + "→";}}else{children[i].description_show = children[i].description_original;}my_items[i] = new_item(children[i].name.c_str(), children[i].description_show.c_str());}my_items[children.size()] = nullptr;/* 创建菜单*/my_menu = new_menu((ITEM**)my_items);if (isMainMenu)set_menu_format(my_menu, 1, 16);/* 创建与菜单相关联的窗口*/if (isMainMenu){my_menu_win = newwin(1, COLS, 1, 0);my_menu_win_sub = derwin(my_menu_win, 1, COLS, 0, 0);keypad(my_menu_win, TRUE);}else{int y, x;scale_menu(my_menu, &y, &x);x += 3;//不增加不足以容纳前导的空格和*号，+3后面会多一个空格my_menu_win = newwin(y, x, start_y, start_x);my_menu_win_sub = derwin(my_menu_win, y, x, 0, 0);keypad(my_menu_win, TRUE);}/* 设置主窗口和子窗口*/set_menu_win(my_menu, my_menu_win);set_menu_sub(my_menu, my_menu_win_sub);/* 设置字符串的标记为" * " */set_menu_mark(my_menu, " * ");/* 递送菜单*/post_menu(my_menu);wrefresh(my_menu_win);bInited = true;return true;}//_c主程序传递过来的按键，避免一步额外的操作才能进入菜单，bCmdExecuted 发生了命令执行，需要退出菜单int run_menu(int _c, int level, bool & bCmdExecuted){constexpr int quit_char = ESC;//遇到此键退出int c = _c;do{int post_c = '\0';//如果调用了子菜单，接收子菜单传递回来的字符char buf[1024];sprintf(buf, " %d", c);this->pMyCurses->AddStatus(buf);ITEM* selected = current_item(my_menu);//当前选中项switch (c){case KEY_LEFT:if (!isMainMenu){if (level > 1)return '\0';//二级以上子菜单左键返回上一级，不能传递else return c;}menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_LEFT_ITEM);break;case KEY_RIGHT:if (!isMainMenu){if (!selected)return c;CMenu* pChild = getChild(item_index(selected));if (0 == pChild->children.size())return c;}menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_RIGHT_ITEM);break;case KEY_DOWN:menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_DOWN_ITEM);break;case KEY_UP:menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_UP_ITEM);break;case '\t':if (E_OK != menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_NEXT_ITEM)){menu_driver(my_menu, REQ_FIRST_ITEM);};break;case '\n':{if (selected){CMenu* pChild = getChild(item_index(selected));if (pChild->pExec){thelog << "执行命令" << endi;;pChild->pExec->CommandExecute();bCmdExecuted = true;return '\0';}else{thelog << "命令未配置" << endi;}}break;}break;case KEY_F(1):this->pMyCurses->ShowStatus("显示帮助");break;}thelog << "重绘整个屏幕" << endi;pMyCurses->Redraw();//重绘整个屏幕if (c != '\0'){//重新取得当前选中项，可能已经改变selected = current_item(my_menu);if (selected){sprintf(buf, "用户选中：%s (第%d个)", selected->name.str, item_index(selected) + 1);}else sprintf(buf, "没有有效的选中项");this->pMyCurses->ShowStatus(buf);CMenu* pChild = getChild(item_index(selected));if (0 != pChild->children.size() && (isMainMenu || KEY_RIGHT == c)){int y, x;if (isMainMenu){y = my_menu_win->_begy + 1;x = my_menu_win->_begx + my_menu_win_sub->_parx + selected->x * my_menu->width / my_menu->cols + (0 == selected->x ? 0 : 1);}else{y = my_menu_win->_begy + selected->y;x = my_menu_win->_begx + my_menu_win_sub->_parx + my_menu->width / my_menu->cols;}char buf[1024];sprintf(buf, "用户选中：%s (第%d个 %d %d) _begy %d _begx %d _maxy %d _maxx %d x %d %d (%d %d) %d %d             ", selected->name.str, item_index(selected) + 1, y, x, my_menu_win->_begy, my_menu_win_sub->_begx, my_menu_win->_maxy, my_menu_win_sub->_maxx, my_menu_win->_parx, my_menu_win_sub->_parx, selected->y, selected->x, my_menu->width, my_menu->cols);this->pMyCurses->OutputLine(buf);pChild->bShow = true;thelog << pChild->name << " 初始化子菜单" << endi;pChild->init_menu(y, x);thelog << pChild->name << " 运行子菜单" << endi;post_c = pChild->run_menu('\0', level + 1, bCmdExecuted);thelog << pChild->name << " 清理子菜单" << (bCmdExecuted ? "因为命令已执行" : "无命令执行") << endi;pChild->uninit_menu();pChild->bShow = false;thelog << this->name << " 重绘整个屏幕" << endi;pMyCurses->Redraw();//重绘整个屏幕}}if (post_c != '\0')c = post_c;else c = '\0';if (this->isMainMenu)this->pMyCurses->ShowTip("ESC 退出菜单 Enter 选中 Tab和方向键 改变选择");else this->pMyCurses->ShowTip((name + " ESC 返回上一级 Enter 选中 Tab和方向键 改变选择").c_str());} while (!bCmdExecuted && (c != '\0' || (c = wgetch(my_menu_win)) != quit_char));thelog << "菜单 " << name << " 退出 " << (bCmdExecuted ? "因为命令已执行" : "无命令执行") << endi;return '\0';}bool uninit_menu(){if (bInited){/* 取消递送并释放占用的内存*/unpost_menu(my_menu);if (E_OK != free_menu(my_menu))thelog << "free_menu出错" << ende;for (int i = 0; i < my_items_count; ++i){if (my_items[i])free_item(my_items[i]);}if (ERR == delwin(my_menu_win_sub))thelog << "my_menu_win_sub出错" << ende;if (ERR == delwin(my_menu_win))thelog << "delwin出错" << ende;}my_menu = nullptr;free(my_items);my_menu_win_sub = nullptr;my_menu_win = nullptr;bInited = false;return true;}};
private:string m_title;CMenu m_main_menu;//菜单栏WINDOW* m_TitleLine = nullptr;//标题行CWinddow m_Client;//客户区WINDOW* m_TipLine = nullptr;//提示行WINDOW* m_StateLine = nullptr;//状态行string m_tip;string m_status;bool m_bExit = false;//退出命令//不包含窗口刷新static void print_in_middle(WINDOW* win, int starty, int startx, int width, char const* string, chtype	color){int temp;if (win == NULL)		win = stdscr;temp = (width - strlen(string)) / 2;wattron(win, color);thelog << starty << " " << startx << " " << width << " " << startx + temp << endi;mvwprintw(win, starty, startx + temp, "%s", string);thelog << "输出完成" << endi;wattroff(win, color);}void DrawTip(){wclear(m_TipLine);mvwaddstr(m_TipLine, 0, 0, m_tip.c_str());wrefresh(m_TipLine);}void DrawStatus(){wclear(m_StateLine);mvwaddstr(m_StateLine, 0, 0, m_status.c_str());wrefresh(m_StateLine);}bool MessageLoop(){if (!m_main_menu.isInited())return false;string tip = "ESC 进入菜单 方向键 滚动";ShowTip(tip.c_str());while (!m_bExit){Redraw();ShowTip(tip.c_str());int c = m_Client.GetCh();char buf[1024];sprintf(buf, " %d %x", c, c);ShowStatus(buf);switch (c){case KEY_LEFT:break;case KEY_RIGHT:break;case KEY_DOWN:m_Client.ScrollOutput(true);break;case KEY_UP:m_Client.ScrollOutput(false);break;case '\t':break;case ESC:{bool bCmdExecuted = false;m_main_menu.run_menu(c, 0, bCmdExecuted);}break;case KEY_MOUSE:ShowStatus("KEY_MOUSE");MEVENT event;char buf2[256];char buf[256];if (getmouse(&event) == OK){if (event.bstate & BUTTON1_RELEASED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON1_RELEASED	     ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON1_PRESSED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON1_PRESSED		   ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON1_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON1_CLICKED	     ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON1_DOUBLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON1_DOUBLE_CLICKED");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON1_TRIPLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON1_TRIPLE_CLICKED");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON2_RELEASED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON2_RELEASED	     ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON2_PRESSED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON2_PRESSED		   ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON2_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON2_CLICKED		   ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON2_DOUBLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON2_DOUBLE_CLICKED");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON2_TRIPLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON2_TRIPLE_CLICKED");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON3_RELEASED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON3_RELEASED	     ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON3_PRESSED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON3_PRESSED		   ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON3_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON3_CLICKED		   ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON3_DOUBLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON3_DOUBLE_CLICKED");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON3_TRIPLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON3_TRIPLE_CLICKED");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON4_RELEASED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON4_RELEASED	     ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON4_PRESSED){m_Client.ScrollOutput(false);sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON4_PRESSED wheel up");//滚轮向上}else if (event.bstate & BUTTON4_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON4_CLICKED		   ");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON4_DOUBLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON4_DOUBLE_CLICKED");else if (event.bstate & BUTTON4_TRIPLE_CLICKED)sprintf(buf2, "BUTTON4_TRIPLE_CLICKED");else{sprintf(buf2, "other");}}else{m_Client.ScrollOutput(true);sprintf(buf2, "wheel down");//滚轮向下，bstate为0}sprintf(buf, "y=%d x=%d z=%d state=%X %s", event.y, event.x, event.z, event.bstate, buf2);this->ShowStatus(buf);break;case KEY_F(1):ShowStatus("帮助");break;}}return true;}class CCommand_Refresh : public ICommandExecute{private:CMyCurses* pCurses;public:CCommand_Refresh(CMyCurses* _pCurses, char const* name) :CMyCurses::ICommandExecute(name), pCurses(_pCurses){}virtual bool CommandExecute() override{pCurses->Redraw();return true;}};class CCommand_Exit : public ICommandExecute{private:CMyCurses* pCurses;public:CCommand_Exit(CMyCurses* _pCurses, char const* name) :CMyCurses::ICommandExecute(name), pCurses(_pCurses){}virtual bool CommandExecute() override{pCurses->SetExit();return true;}};
public:CMyCurses() :m_main_menu(this, "main_menu", "") {int i = m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, "系统", "");m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "刷新", "", new CCommand_Refresh(this, "__REFRESH"));m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "退出", "", new CCommand_Exit(this, "__EXIT"));}CMenu* GetMenu() { return &m_main_menu; }void SetExit() { m_bExit = true; }void ShowTip(char const* tip){m_tip = tip;DrawTip();}void ShowStatus(char const* status){m_status = status;DrawStatus();}void AddStatus(char const* status){m_status += status;DrawStatus();}void CreateTestMenu(){int i;i = m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, "配置", "");m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "配置1", "显示配置", new ICommandExecute("配置1"));m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "配置2", "显示配置");m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "配置3", "显示配置");i = m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, "任务", "");m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "任务1", "显示配置");m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "任务2", "显示配置");m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "任务3", "显示配置");m_main_menu.getChild(i)->getChild(1)->addMenuItem(this, "任务x", "显示配置", new ICommandExecute("任务x"));i = m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, "状态", "");m_main_menu.getChild(i)->addMenuItem(this, "状态1", "显示状态");i = m_main_menu.addMenuItem(this, "帮助", "");}bool CursesMain(char const* title){thelog.setOutput(false);m_title = title;m_bExit = false;setlocale(LC_ALL, "");initscr();start_color();cbreak();noecho();keypad(stdscr, TRUE);init_pair(1, COLOR_RED, COLOR_BLACK);clear();move(0, 0);refresh();//初始化鼠标系统mousemask(ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS, NULL);//屏幕区域m_TitleLine = newwin(1, COLS, 0, 0);//标题栏，第一行//m_main_menu 菜单栏，第二行m_Client.CreateWindow(LINES - 4, COLS, 2, 0);//客户区，中间部分m_TipLine = newwin(1, COLS, LINES - 2, 0);//提示行，倒数第二行m_StateLine = newwin(1, COLS, LINES - 1, 0);//状态栏，倒数第一行ClearOutput();OutputLine("1234");m_main_menu.init_main_menu();Redraw();MessageLoop();return true;}bool Redraw(){if (!m_TitleLine)thelog << "m_TitleLine is nullptr" << ende;if (!m_Client.isCreated())thelog << "m_Client is nullptr" << ende;if (!m_TipLine)thelog << "m_TipLine is nullptr" << ende;if (!m_StateLine)thelog << "m_StateLine is nullptr" << ende;thelog << "开始重绘整个屏幕" << endi;clear();refresh();//没有这句后面的就显示不出来//标题thelog << "重绘标题" << endi;wclear(m_TitleLine);print_in_middle(m_TitleLine, 0, 0, COLS, m_title.c_str(), COLOR_PAIR(1));wrefresh(m_TitleLine);m_Client.RedrawOutput();DrawTip();DrawStatus();//菜单thelog << "重绘主菜单" << endi;m_main_menu.Redraw();return true;}bool uninit(){m_main_menu.uninit_menu();m_Client.DestoryWindow();delwin(m_TitleLine);delwin(m_TipLine);delwin(m_StateLine);thelog.setOutput(true);if (ERR == endwin())thelog << "endwin error" << ende;;return true;}bool Output(char const* data){return m_Client.DrawOutput(data);}bool OutputLine(char const* data){return m_Client.DrawOutput(data) && m_Client.DrawOutput("\n");}bool ClearOutput(){m_Client.ClearOutput();return m_Client.RedrawOutput();}static int CMyCurses_test(){initscr();clear();move(10, 20);addstr("hello,world");move(LINES - 1, 0);refresh();getch();WINDOW* w1 = newwin(10, 10, 0, 0);WINDOW* w2 = newwin(10, 10, 5, 5);box(w1, 0, 0);box(w2, 0, 0);move(0, 0);waddstr(w1, "111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111");wrefresh(w1);move(0, 0);waddstr(w2, "2222222222222222222");move(1, 0);waddstr(w2, "3333");wrefresh(w2);getch();mvaddstr(LINES - 1, 0, "3");refresh();//box(w1, 0, 0);wmove(w1, 0, 0);waddch(w1, 'a');waddch(w1, 'a');waddch(w1, 'a');waddch(w1, 'a');waddch(w1, 'a');wrefresh(w1);getch();endwin();return 0;}
};

3 详解

3.1 主类

主类CMyCurses，一切都在这个类里面。

3.2 菜单的命令接口

ICommandExecute，添加菜单时可以用一个命令作为参数（父菜单一般没有命令），选择这个菜单并回车导致执行命令。

3.3 CWinddow

CWinodw是窗口，是屏幕上的一块矩形区域。数据成员主要包括起始位置、行列数，要显示的数据，当前显示位置。要显示的数据不一定能全部显示，所以要记录当前显示到哪里了。

窗口的主要方法是滚动显示。

3.4 CMenu

CMenu是菜单，是一个树形结构。菜单是整个界面的控制核心。

菜单的核心是run_menu，根据键盘控制改变选中项并执行命令。

3.5 MessageLoop

主窗口的消息循环，最重要的功能是按下ESC键进入到菜单的消息循环。

判断按键和鼠标，执行相应的操作。如果是鼠标操作（KEY_MOUSE）需要额外调用getmouse(&event)来获取鼠标状态。

3.6 主入口CursesMain

这是类的主入口。里面会初始化系统并进入MessageLoop循环。

初始化相当繁琐：

        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");initscr();start_color();cbreak();noecho();keypad(stdscr, TRUE);init_pair(1, COLOR_RED, COLOR_BLACK);clear();move(0, 0);refresh();//初始化鼠标系统mousemask(ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS, NULL);

然后才是设置自己的数据，最后执行消息循环。