表膨胀监控

/* WARNING: executed with a non-superuser role, the query inspect only tables and materialized view (9.3+) you are granted to read.
* This query is compatible with PostgreSQL 9.0 and more
*/
SELECT current_database(), schemaname, tblname, bs*tblpages AS real_size,(tblpages-est_tblpages)*bs AS extra_size,CASE WHEN tblpages > 0 AND tblpages - est_tblpages > 0THEN 100 * (tblpages - est_tblpages)/tblpages::floatELSE 0END AS extra_pct, fillfactor,CASE WHEN tblpages - est_tblpages_ff > 0THEN (tblpages-est_tblpages_ff)*bsELSE 0END AS bloat_size,CASE WHEN tblpages > 0 AND tblpages - est_tblpages_ff > 0THEN 100 * (tblpages - est_tblpages_ff)/tblpages::floatELSE 0END AS bloat_pct, is_na-- , tpl_hdr_size, tpl_data_size, (pst).free_percent + (pst).dead_tuple_percent AS real_frag -- (DEBUG INFO)
FROM (SELECT ceil( reltuples / ( (bs-page_hdr)/tpl_size ) ) + ceil( toasttuples / 4 ) AS est_tblpages,ceil( reltuples / ( (bs-page_hdr)*fillfactor/(tpl_size*100) ) ) + ceil( toasttuples / 4 ) AS est_tblpages_ff,tblpages, fillfactor, bs, tblid, schemaname, tblname, heappages, toastpages, is_na-- , tpl_hdr_size, tpl_data_size, pgstattuple(tblid) AS pst -- (DEBUG INFO)FROM (SELECT( 4 + tpl_hdr_size + tpl_data_size + (2*ma)- CASE WHEN tpl_hdr_size%ma = 0 THEN ma ELSE tpl_hdr_size%ma END- CASE WHEN ceil(tpl_data_size)::int%ma = 0 THEN ma ELSE ceil(tpl_data_size)::int%ma END) AS tpl_size, bs - page_hdr AS size_per_block, (heappages + toastpages) AS tblpages, heappages,toastpages, reltuples, toasttuples, bs, page_hdr, tblid, schemaname, tblname, fillfactor, is_na-- , tpl_hdr_size, tpl_data_sizeFROM (SELECTtbl.oid AS tblid, ns.nspname AS schemaname, tbl.relname AS tblname, tbl.reltuples,tbl.relpages AS heappages, coalesce(toast.relpages, 0) AS toastpages,coalesce(toast.reltuples, 0) AS toasttuples,coalesce(substring(array_to_string(tbl.reloptions, ' ')FROM 'fillfactor=([0-9]+)')::smallint, 100) AS fillfactor,current_setting('block_size')::numeric AS bs,CASE WHEN version()~'mingw32' OR version()~'64-bit|x86_64|ppc64|ia64|amd64' THEN 8 ELSE 4 END AS ma,24 AS page_hdr,23 + CASE WHEN MAX(coalesce(s.null_frac,0)) > 0 THEN ( 7 + count(s.attname) ) / 8 ELSE 0::int END+ CASE WHEN bool_or(att.attname = 'oid' and att.attnum < 0) THEN 4 ELSE 0 END AS tpl_hdr_size,sum( (1-coalesce(s.null_frac, 0)) * coalesce(s.avg_width, 0) ) AS tpl_data_size,bool_or(att.atttypid = 'pg_catalog.name'::regtype)OR sum(CASE WHEN att.attnum > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) <> count(s.attname) AS is_naFROM pg_attribute AS attJOIN pg_class AS tbl ON att.attrelid = tbl.oidJOIN pg_namespace AS ns ON ns.oid = tbl.relnamespaceLEFT JOIN pg_stats AS s ON s.schemaname=ns.nspnameAND s.tablename = tbl.relname AND s.inherited=false AND s.attname=att.attnameLEFT JOIN pg_class AS toast ON tbl.reltoastrelid = toast.oidWHERE NOT att.attisdroppedAND tbl.relkind in ('r','m')AND schemaname not IN('pg_catalog','information_schema','repack')GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10ORDER BY 2,3) AS s) AS s2
) AS s3
-- WHERE NOT is_na
--   AND tblpages*((pst).free_percent + (pst).dead_tuple_percent)::float4/100 >= 1
ORDER BY schemaname, tblname;

索引膨胀监控

-- WARNING: executed with a non-superuser role, the query inspect only index on tables you are granted to read.
-- WARNING: rows with is_na = 't' are known to have bad statistics ("name" type is not supported).
-- This query is compatible with PostgreSQL 8.2 and after
SELECT current_database(), nspname AS schemaname, tblname, idxname, bs*(relpages)::bigint AS real_size,bs*(relpages-est_pages)::bigint AS extra_size,100 * (relpages-est_pages)::float / relpages AS extra_pct,fillfactor,CASE WHEN relpages > est_pages_ffTHEN bs*(relpages-est_pages_ff)ELSE 0END AS bloat_size,100 * (relpages-est_pages_ff)::float / relpages AS bloat_pct,is_na-- , 100-(pst).avg_leaf_density AS pst_avg_bloat, est_pages, index_tuple_hdr_bm, maxalign, pagehdr, nulldatawidth, nulldatahdrwidth, reltuples, relpages -- (DEBUG INFO)
FROM (SELECT coalesce(1 +ceil(reltuples/floor((bs-pageopqdata-pagehdr)/(4+nulldatahdrwidth)::float)), 0 -- ItemIdData size + computed avg size of a tuple (nulldatahdrwidth)) AS est_pages,coalesce(1 +ceil(reltuples/floor((bs-pageopqdata-pagehdr)*fillfactor/(100*(4+nulldatahdrwidth)::float))), 0) AS est_pages_ff,bs, nspname, tblname, idxname, relpages, fillfactor, is_na-- , pgstatindex(idxoid) AS pst, index_tuple_hdr_bm, maxalign, pagehdr, nulldatawidth, nulldatahdrwidth, reltuples -- (DEBUG INFO)FROM (SELECT maxalign, bs, nspname, tblname, idxname, reltuples, relpages, idxoid, fillfactor,( index_tuple_hdr_bm +maxalign - CASE -- Add padding to the index tuple header to align on MAXALIGNWHEN index_tuple_hdr_bm%maxalign = 0 THEN maxalignELSE index_tuple_hdr_bm%maxalignEND+ nulldatawidth + maxalign - CASE -- Add padding to the data to align on MAXALIGNWHEN nulldatawidth = 0 THEN 0WHEN nulldatawidth::integer%maxalign = 0 THEN maxalignELSE nulldatawidth::integer%maxalignEND)::numeric AS nulldatahdrwidth, pagehdr, pageopqdata, is_na-- , index_tuple_hdr_bm, nulldatawidth -- (DEBUG INFO)FROM (SELECT n.nspname, i.tblname, i.idxname, i.reltuples, i.relpages,i.idxoid, i.fillfactor, current_setting('block_size')::numeric AS bs,CASE -- MAXALIGN: 4 on 32bits, 8 on 64bits (and mingw32 ?)WHEN version() ~ 'mingw32' OR version() ~ '64-bit|x86_64|ppc64|ia64|amd64' THEN 8ELSE 4END AS maxalign,/* per page header, fixed size: 20 for 7.X, 24 for others */24 AS pagehdr,/* per page btree opaque data */16 AS pageopqdata,/* per tuple header: add IndexAttributeBitMapData if some cols are null-able */CASE WHEN max(coalesce(s.null_frac,0)) = 0THEN 8 -- IndexTupleData sizeELSE 8 + (( 32 + 8 - 1 ) / 8) -- IndexTupleData size + IndexAttributeBitMapData size ( max num filed per index + 8 - 1 /8)END AS index_tuple_hdr_bm,/* data len: we remove null values save space using it fractionnal part from stats */sum( (1-coalesce(s.null_frac, 0)) * coalesce(s.avg_width, 1024)) AS nulldatawidth,max( CASE WHEN i.atttypid = 'pg_catalog.name'::regtype THEN 1 ELSE 0 END ) > 0 AS is_naFROM (SELECT ct.relname AS tblname, ct.relnamespace, ic.idxname, ic.attpos, ic.indkey, ic.indkey[ic.attpos], ic.reltuples, ic.relpages, ic.tbloid, ic.idxoid, ic.fillfactor,coalesce(a1.attnum, a2.attnum) AS attnum, coalesce(a1.attname, a2.attname) AS attname, coalesce(a1.atttypid, a2.atttypid) AS atttypid,CASE WHEN a1.attnum IS NULLTHEN ic.idxnameELSE ct.relnameEND AS attrelnameFROM (SELECT idxname, reltuples, relpages, tbloid, idxoid, fillfactor, indkey,pg_catalog.generate_series(1,indnatts) AS attposFROM (SELECT ci.relname AS idxname, ci.reltuples, ci.relpages, i.indrelid AS tbloid,i.indexrelid AS idxoid,coalesce(substring(array_to_string(ci.reloptions, ' ')from 'fillfactor=([0-9]+)')::smallint, 90) AS fillfactor,i.indnatts,pg_catalog.string_to_array(pg_catalog.textin(pg_catalog.int2vectorout(i.indkey)),' ')::int[] AS indkeyFROM pg_catalog.pg_index iJOIN pg_catalog.pg_class ci ON ci.oid = i.indexrelidWHERE ci.relam=(SELECT oid FROM pg_am WHERE amname = 'btree')AND ci.relpages > 0) AS idx_data) AS icJOIN pg_catalog.pg_class ct ON ct.oid = ic.tbloidLEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute a1 ONic.indkey[ic.attpos] <> 0AND a1.attrelid = ic.tbloidAND a1.attnum = ic.indkey[ic.attpos]LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute a2 ONic.indkey[ic.attpos] = 0AND a2.attrelid = ic.idxoidAND a2.attnum = ic.attpos) iJOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = i.relnamespaceJOIN pg_catalog.pg_stats s ON s.schemaname = n.nspnameAND s.tablename = i.attrelnameAND s.attname = i.attnameAND schemaname not IN('pg_catalog','information_schema','repack')GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11) AS rows_data_stats) AS rows_hdr_pdg_stats
) AS relation_stats
ORDER BY nspname, tblname, idxname;

参考

https://github.com/ioguix/pgsql-bloat-estimation/blob/master/table/table_bloat.sql
https://github.com/ioguix/pgsql-bloat-estimation/blob/master/btree/btree_bloat.sql