OpenCV与AI深度学习 | 实战 | YOLOv8自定义数据集训练实现手势识别 (标注+训练+预测保姆级教程)

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原文链接：实战 | YOLOv8自定义数据集训练实现手势识别 (标注+训练+预测保姆级教程)

0 导读

本文将手把手教你用YoloV8训练自己的数据集并实现手势识别。

1 安装环境

【1】安装torch, torchvision对应版本，这里先下载好，直接安装

pip install torch-1.13.1+cu116-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl
pip install torchvision-0.14.1+cu116-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl

安装好后可以查看是否安装成功，上面安装的gpu版本，查看指令与结果：

import torch
print(torch.__version__)
print(torch.cuda.is_available())

【2】安装ultralytics

pip install ultralytics

【3】下载YoloV8预训练模型：GitHub - ultralytics/ultralytics: NEW - YOLOv8 🚀 in PyTorch > ONNX > OpenVINO > CoreML > TFLite

本文使用YOLOv8n，直接下载第一个即可

【4】运行demo测试安装是否成功：

from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO('yolov8n.pt')  # pretrained YOLOv8n model# Run batched inference on a list of images
results = model(['1.jpg', '2.jpg'])  # return a list of Results objects# Process results list
for result in results:boxes = result.boxes  # Boxes object for bounding box outputsmasks = result.masks  # Masks object for segmentation masks outputskeypoints = result.keypoints  # Keypoints object for pose outputsprobs = result.probs  # Probs object for classification outputsresult.show()  # display to screenresult.save(filename='result.jpg')  # save to disk

2 标注/制作数据集

【1】准备好待标注图片

可以自己写一个从摄像头存图的脚本保存一下不同手势图到本地，这里提供一个供参考：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
flag = 0if(cap.isOpened()): #视频打开成功flag = 1
else:flag = 0print('open cam failed!')if(flag==1):while(True):cv2.namedWindow("frame")ret,frame = cap.read()#读取一帧if ret==False: #读取帧失败breakcv2.imshow("frame", frame)if cv2.waitKey(50)&0xFF ==27: #按下Esc键退出cv2.imwrite("1.jpg",frame)breakcap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

本文使用共3种手势1，2，5，三种手势各300张，大家可以根据实际情况增减样本数量。

【2】标注样本

标注工具使用labelimg即可，直接pip安装：

pip install labelimg -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

安装完成后，命令行直接输入labelimg，回车即可打开labelimg，数据集类型切换成YOLO，然后依次完成标注即可。

【3】标注划分

标注好之后，使用下面的脚本划分训练集、验证集，注意设置正确的图片和txt路径：


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import os
import random
import shutil# 设置文件路径和划分比例
root_path = "./voc_yolo/"
image_dir = "./JPEGImages/"
label_dir = "./Annotations/"
train_ratio = 0.7
val_ratio = 0.2
test_ratio = 0.1# 创建训练集、验证集和测试集目录
os.makedirs("images/train", exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs("images/val", exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs("images/test", exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs("labels/train", exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs("labels/val", exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs("labels/test", exist_ok=True)# 获取所有图像文件名
image_files = os.listdir(image_dir)
total_images = len(image_files)
random.shuffle(image_files)# 计算划分数量
train_count = int(total_images * train_ratio)
val_count = int(total_images * val_ratio)
test_count = total_images - train_count - val_count# 划分训练集
train_images = image_files[:train_count]
for image_file in train_images:label_file = image_file[:image_file.rfind(".")] + ".txt"shutil.copy(os.path.join(image_dir, image_file), "images/train/")shutil.copy(os.path.join(label_dir, label_file), "labels/train/")# 划分验证集
val_images = image_files[train_count:train_count+val_count]
for image_file in val_images:label_file = image_file[:image_file.rfind(".")] + ".txt"shutil.copy(os.path.join(image_dir, image_file), "images/val/")shutil.copy(os.path.join(label_dir, label_file), "labels/val/")# 划分测试集
test_images = image_files[train_count+val_count:]
for image_file in test_images:label_file = image_file[:image_file.rfind(".")] + ".txt"shutil.copy(os.path.join(image_dir, image_file), "images/test/")shutil.copy(os.path.join(label_dir, label_file), "labels/test/")# 生成训练集图片路径txt文件
with open("train.txt", "w") as file:file.write("\n".join([root_path + "images/train/" + image_file for image_file in train_images]))# 生成验证集图片路径txt文件
with open("val.txt", "w") as file:file.write("\n".join([root_path + "images/val/" + image_file for image_file in val_images]))# 生成测试集图片路径txt文件
with open("test.txt", "w") as file:file.write("\n".join([root_path + "images/test/" + image_file for image_file in test_images]))print("数据划分完成！")

接着会生成划分好的数据集如下：

打开images文件夹：

打开images下的train文件夹：

打开labels下的train文件夹：

3 训练与预测

【1】开始训练

训练脚本如下：

from ultralytics import YOLO# Load a model
model = YOLO('yolov8n.pt')  # load a pretrained model (recommended for training)results = model.train(data='hand.yaml', epochs=30, imgsz=640, device=[0],workers=0,lr0=0.001,batch=8,amp=False)

hand.yaml内容如下，注意修改自己的数据集路径即可：

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# COCO8 dataset (first 8 images from COCO train2017) by Ultralytics
# Documentation: https://docs.ultralytics.com/datasets/detect/coco8/
# Example usage: yolo train data=coco8.yaml
# parent
# ├── ultralytics
# └── datasets
#     └── coco8  ← downloads here (1 MB)# Train/val/test sets as 1) dir: path/to/imgs, 2) file: path/to/imgs.txt, or 3) list: [path/to/imgs1, path/to/imgs2, ..]
path: E:/Practice/DeepLearning/Yolo_Test/dataset/hand # dataset root dir
train: E:/Practice/DeepLearning/Yolo_Test/dataset/hand/images/train # train images (relative to 'path') 4 images
val: E:/Practice/DeepLearning/Yolo_Test/dataset/hand/images/val # val images (relative to 'path') 4 images
test: # test images (optional)# Classes
names:0: hand-11: hand-22: hand-5# Download script/URL (optional)
# download: https://ultralytics.com/assets/coco8.zip

CPU训练将device=[0]改为device='cpu'即可

训练完成后再runs/detect/train文件夹下生成如下内容：

在weights文件夹下生成两个模型文件，直接使用best.pt即可。

【2】预测推理

预测脚本如下：

from ultralytics import YOLO
# Load a model
model = YOLO('best.pt')  # pretrained YOLOv8n model# Run batched inference on a list of images
results = model(['1 (1).jpg', '1 (2).jpg', '1 (3).jpg'])  # return a list of Results objects# Process results list
for result in results:boxes = result.boxes  # Boxes object for bounding box outputsmasks = result.masks  # Masks object for segmentation masks outputskeypoints = result.keypoints  # Keypoints object for pose outputsprobs = result.probs  # Probs object for classification outputsresult.show()  # display to screenresult.save(filename='result.jpg')  # save to disk

预测结果：