前提：

在vscode中安装了c++扩展

创建文件settings.json

{"files.associations": {"string": "cpp","vector": "cpp","array": "cpp","atomic": "cpp","*.tcc": "cpp","cctype": "cpp","clocale": "cpp","cmath": "cpp","cstdarg": "cpp","cstddef": "cpp","cstdint": "cpp","cstdio": "cpp","cstdlib": "cpp","cwchar": "cpp","cwctype": "cpp","deque": "cpp","unordered_map": "cpp","unordered_set": "cpp","exception": "cpp","algorithm": "cpp","memory": "cpp","memory_resource": "cpp","optional": "cpp","string_view": "cpp","system_error": "cpp","tuple": "cpp","type_traits": "cpp","utility": "cpp","fstream": "cpp","initializer_list": "cpp","iosfwd": "cpp","iostream": "cpp","istream": "cpp","limits": "cpp","new": "cpp","ostream": "cpp","sstream": "cpp","stdexcept": "cpp","streambuf": "cpp","typeinfo": "cpp","functional": "cpp","list": "cpp","queue": "cpp","map": "cpp","set": "cpp"}
}

这个文件无需做什么修改

创建文件tasks.json

{"tasks": [{"type": "cppbuild","label": "C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件","command": "E:\\Enviroments\\C-CPP\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe","args": ["-fdiagnostics-color=always","-g","${file}","-o","${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"],"options": {"cwd": "${fileDirname}"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true},"detail": "调试器生成的任务。"}],"version": "2.0.0"
}

 修改“command”的路径，安装的c++环境的路径

查找路径的方法

不晓得这个路径的，可以win+r，输入“cmd”，弹出命令行窗口

如上图找到路径

创建文件c_cpp_properties.json

{"configurations": [{"name": "Win32","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**"],"defines": ["_DEBUG","UNICODE","_UNICODE"],"cStandard": "c17","cppStandard": "gnu++14","intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64","compilerPath": "E:/Enviroments/C-CPP/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe"}],"version": 4
}

同样地，设置“compilerPath”的路径

将这几个文件放到工程文件下“.vscode”中

如下图

 

其中的launch.json文件不用管它

便可以在vscode中运行并调试c++文件了，可以配合断点使用。