一、文件
- 什么是文件
- 文件流:
一、1、文件的相关操作
- 创建文件的三种方式:
public class FileCreate {public static void main(String[] args) {}//方式1 new File(String pathname)@Testpublic void create01() {String filePath = "e:\\news1.txt";File file = new File(filePath);try {file.createNewFile();System.out.println("文件创建成功");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//方式2 new File(File parent,String child) //根据父目录文件+子路径构建//e:\\news2.txt@Testpublic void create02() {File parentFile = new File("e:\\");String fileName = "news2.txt";//这里的file对象,在java程序中,只是一个对象//只有执行了createNewFile 方法,才会真正的,在磁盘创建该文件File file = new File(parentFile, fileName);try {file.createNewFile();System.out.println("创建成功~");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//方式3 new File(String parent,String child) //根据父目录+子路径构建@Testpublic void create03() {//String parentPath = "e:\\";String parentPath = "e:\\";String fileName = "news4.txt";File file = new File(parentPath, fileName);try {file.createNewFile();System.out.println("创建成功~");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//下面四个都是抽象类////InputStream//OutputStream//Reader //字符输入流//Writer //字符输出流
}
- 获取文件的信息
public void info() {//先创建文件对象File file = new File("e:\\news1.txt");//调用相应的方法,得到对应信息System.out.println("文件名字=" + file.getName());//getName、getAbsolutePath、getParent、length、exists、isFile、isDirectorySystem.out.println("文件绝对路径=" + file.getAbsolutePath());System.out.println("文件父级目录=" + file.getParent());System.out.println("文件大小(字节)=" + file.length());System.out.println("文件是否存在=" + file.exists());//TSystem.out.println("是不是一个文件=" + file.isFile());//TSystem.out.println("是不是一个目录=" + file.isDirectory());//F}
- 目录的操作和文件删除
- mkdir:创建一级目录
- mkdirs:创建多级目录
- delete:删除空目录或者文件
public class Directory_ {public static void main(String[] args) {//}//判断 d:\\news1.txt 是否存在,如果存在就删除@Testpublic void m1() {String filePath = "e:\\news1.txt";File file = new File(filePath);if (file.exists()) {if (file.delete()) {System.out.println(filePath + "删除成功");} else {System.out.println(filePath + "删除失败");}} else {System.out.println("该文件不存在...");}}//判断 D:\\demo02 是否存在,存在就删除,否则提示不存在//这里我们需要体会到,在java编程中,目录也被当做文件@Testpublic void m2() {String filePath = "D:\\demo02";File file = new File(filePath);if (file.exists()) {if (file.delete()) {System.out.println(filePath + "删除成功");} else {System.out.println(filePath + "删除失败");}} else {System.out.println("该目录不存在...");}}//判断 D:\\demo\\a\\b\\c 目录是否存在,如果存在就提示已经存在,否则就创建@Testpublic void m3() {String directoryPath = "D:\\demo\\a\\b\\c";File file = new File(directoryPath);if (file.exists()) {System.out.println(directoryPath + "存在..");} else {if (file.mkdirs()) { //创建一级目录使用mkdir() ,创建多级目录使用mkdirs()System.out.println(directoryPath + "创建成功..");} else {System.out.println(directoryPath + "创建失败...");}}}
}
二、IO流
- 原理:
- Io流的分类:
流:就是运送文件的媒介
二、1、InputStream:字节输入流
二、1.1、FileInputStream(字节输入流)
public class FileInputStream_ {public static void main(String[] args) {}/*** 演示读取文件...* 单个字节的读取,效率比较低* -> 使用 read(byte[] b)*/@Testpublic void readFile01() {String filePath = "e:\\hello.txt";int readData = 0;FileInputStream fileInputStream = null; //扩大fileInputStream的作用域try {//创建 FileInputStream 对象,用于读取 文件fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);//从该输入流读取一个字节的数据。 如果没有输入可用,此方法将阻止。//如果返回-1 , 表示读取完毕while ((readData = fileInputStream.read()) != -1) {System.out.print((char)readData);//转成char显示}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//关闭文件流,释放资源.try {fileInputStream.close();//如果不关闭可能会产生资源泄露} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/*** 使用 read(byte[] b) 读取文件,提高效率*/@Testpublic void readFile02() {String filePath = "e:\\hello.txt";//字节数组byte[] buf = new byte[8]; //一次读取8个字节.int readLen = 0;FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;try {//创建 FileInputStream 对象,用于读取 文件fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);//从该输入流读取最多b.length字节的数据到字节数组。 此方法将阻塞,直到某些输入可用。//如果返回-1 , 表示读取完毕//如果读取正常, 返回实际读取的字节数while ((readLen = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, readLen));//显示}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//关闭文件流,释放资源.try {fileInputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}
二、2、OutputStream:字节输出流
二、2.1、FileOutputStream:字节输出流
- new FileOutputStream(filePath) 创建方式,当写入内容是,会覆盖原来的内容
- new FileOutputStream(filePath, true) 创建方式,当写入内容是,是追加到文件后面
public class FileOutputStream01 {public static void main(String[] args) {}/*** 演示使用FileOutputStream 将数据写到文件中,* 如果该文件不存在,则创建该文件*/@Testpublic void writeFile() {//创建 FileOutputStream对象String filePath = "e:\\a.txt";FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;try {//得到 FileOutputStream对象 对象//老师说明//1. new FileOutputStream(filePath) 创建方式,当写入内容是,会覆盖原来的内容//2. new FileOutputStream(filePath, true) 创建方式,当写入内容是,是追加到文件后面fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath, true);//写入一个字节//fileOutputStream.write('H');////写入字符串String str = "hsp,world!";//str.getBytes() 可以把 字符串-> 字节数组//fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes());/*write(byte[] b, int off, int len) 将 len字节从位于偏移量 off的指定字节数组写入此文件输出流*/fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes(), 0, 3);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {fileOutputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}
二、3、InputStream:字节输入流文件拷贝(fileInputStream和fileOutputStream的综合使用)
- 步骤:
-
- 创建文件的输入流 , 将文件读入到程序
-
- 创建文件的输出流, 将读取到的文件数据,写入到指定的文件.
-
public class FileCopy {public static void main(String[] args) {//完成 文件拷贝,将 e:\\Koala.jpg 拷贝 c:\\//思路分析//1. 创建文件的输入流 , 将文件读入到程序//2. 创建文件的输出流, 将读取到的文件数据,写入到指定的文件.String srcFilePath = "e:\\Koala.jpg";String destFilePath = "e:\\Koala3.jpg";FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;try {fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(srcFilePath);fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(destFilePath);//定义一个字节数组,提高读取效果byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int readLen = 0;while ((readLen = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {//读取到后,就写入到文件 通过 fileOutputStream//即,是一边读,一边写fileOutputStream.write(buf, 0, readLen);//一定要使用这个方法}System.out.println("拷贝ok~");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {//关闭输入流和输出流,释放资源if (fileInputStream != null) {fileInputStream.close();}if (fileOutputStream != null) {fileOutputStream.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}
二、4、文件字符流
二、4.1、FileReader(字符输出流)
public class FileReader_ {public static void main(String[] args) {}/*** 单个字符读取文件*/@Testpublic void readFile01() {String filePath = "e:\\story.txt";FileReader fileReader = null;int data = 0;//1. 创建FileReader对象try {fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);//循环读取 使用read, 单个字符读取while ((data = fileReader.read()) != -1) {System.out.print((char) data);}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (fileReader != null) {fileReader.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/*** 字符数组读取文件*/@Testpublic void readFile02() {System.out.println("~~~readFile02 ~~~");String filePath = "e:\\story.txt";FileReader fileReader = null;int readLen = 0;char[] buf = new char[8];//1. 创建FileReader对象try {fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);//循环读取 使用read(buf), 返回的是实际读取到的字符数//如果返回-1, 说明文件结束while ((readLen = fileReader.read(buf)) != -1) {System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, readLen));}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (fileReader != null) {fileReader.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}
二、4.2、fileWriter(字符输入流):
注意一定关闭文件或者刷新文件,否则数据进不去
public class FileWriter_ {public static void main(String[] args) {String filePath = "e:\\note.txt";//创建FileWriter对象FileWriter fileWriter = null;char[] chars = {'a', 'b', 'c'};try {fileWriter = new FileWriter(filePath);//默认是覆盖写入
// 3) write(int):写入单个字符fileWriter.write('H');
// 4) write(char[]):写入指定数组fileWriter.write(chars);
// 5) write(char[],off,len):写入指定数组的指定部分fileWriter.write("韩顺平教育".toCharArray(), 0, 3);
// 6) write(string):写入整个字符串fileWriter.write(" 你好北京~");fileWriter.write("风雨之后,定见彩虹");
// 7) write(string,off,len):写入字符串的指定部分fileWriter.write("上海天津", 0, 2);//在数据量大的情况下,可以使用循环操作.} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//对应FileWriter , 一定要关闭流,或者flush才能真正的把数据写入到文件//老韩看源码就知道原因./*看看代码private void writeBytes() throws IOException {this.bb.flip();int var1 = this.bb.limit();int var2 = this.bb.position();assert var2 <= var1;int var3 = var2 <= var1 ? var1 - var2 : 0;if (var3 > 0) {if (this.ch != null) {assert this.ch.write(this.bb) == var3 : var3;} else {this.out.write(this.bb.array(), this.bb.arrayOffset() + var2, var3);}}this.bb.clear();}*/try {//fileWriter.flush();//关闭文件流,等价 flush() + 关闭fileWriter.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}System.out.println("程序结束...");}
}
二、5、节点流和处理流
BufferedReader和BufferedWriter属于字符流,是按照字符来读取数据的
关闭处理流时,只需关闭外层流即可
二、5.1、BufferedReader
public class BufferedReader_ {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {String filePath = "e:\\a.java";//创建bufferedReaderBufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath));//读取String line; //按行读取, 效率高//说明//1. bufferedReader.readLine() 是按行读取文件//2. 当返回null 时,表示文件读取完毕while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {System.out.println(line);}//关闭流, 这里注意,只需要关闭 BufferedReader ,因为底层会自动的去关闭 节点流//FileReader。/*public void close() throws IOException {synchronized (lock) {if (in == null)return;try {in.close();//in 就是我们传入的 new FileReader(filePath), 关闭了.} finally {in = null;cb = null;}}}*/bufferedReader.close();}
}
二、5.2、BufferedWriter
public class BufferedWriter_ {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String filePath = "e:\\ok.txt";//创建BufferedWriter//说明://1. new FileWriter(filePath, true) 表示以追加的方式写入//2. new FileWriter(filePath) , 表示以覆盖的方式写入BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(filePath));bufferedWriter.write("hello, 韩顺平教育!");bufferedWriter.newLine();//插入一个和系统相关的换行bufferedWriter.write("hello2, 韩顺平教育!");bufferedWriter.newLine();bufferedWriter.write("hello3, 韩顺平教育!");bufferedWriter.newLine();//说明:关闭外层流即可 , 传入的 new FileWriter(filePath) ,会在底层关闭bufferedWriter.close();}
}
二、5.3、BufferedReader和BufferedWriter的综合使用
public class BufferedCopy_ {public static void main(String[] args) {//说明//1. BufferedReader 和 BufferedWriter 是安装字符操作//2. 不要去操作 二进制文件[声音,视频,doc, pdf ], 可能造成文件损坏//BufferedInputStream//BufferedOutputStreamString srcFilePath = "e:\\a.java";String destFilePath = "e:\\a2.java";
// String srcFilePath = "e:\\0245_韩顺平零基础学Java_引出this.avi";
// String destFilePath = "e:\\a2韩顺平.avi";BufferedReader br = null;BufferedWriter bw = null;String line;try {br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(srcFilePath));bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(destFilePath));//说明: readLine 读取一行内容,但是没有换行while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {//每读取一行,就写入bw.write(line);//插入一个换行bw.newLine();}System.out.println("拷贝完毕...");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//关闭流try {if(br != null) {br.close();}if(bw != null) {bw.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
二、5.4、BufferedInputStream和BufferedOutputStream的综合使用
- BufferedInputStream和BufferedOutputStream属于字节流的操作
public class BufferedCopy02 {public static void main(String[] args) {// String srcFilePath = "e:\\Koala.jpg";
// String destFilePath = "e:\\hsp.jpg";
// String srcFilePath = "e:\\0245_韩顺平零基础学Java_引出this.avi";
// String destFilePath = "e:\\hsp.avi";String srcFilePath = "e:\\a.java";String destFilePath = "e:\\a3.java";//创建BufferedOutputStream对象BufferedInputStream对象BufferedInputStream bis = null;BufferedOutputStream bos = null;try {//因为 FileInputStream 是 InputStream 子类bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(srcFilePath));bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(destFilePath));//循环的读取文件,并写入到 destFilePathbyte[] buff = new byte[1024];int readLen = 0;//当返回 -1 时,就表示文件读取完毕while ((readLen = bis.read(buff)) != -1) {bos.write(buff, 0, readLen);}System.out.println("文件拷贝完毕~~~");} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//关闭流 , 关闭外层的处理流即可,底层会去关闭节点流try {if(bis != null) {bis.close();}if(bos != null) {bos.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}
二、6、对象处理流
二、6.1、ObjectOutputStream和 ObjectOutputStream
public class ObjectOutStream_ {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//序列化后,保存的文件格式,不是存文本,而是按照他的格式来保存String filePath = "e:\\data.dat";ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filePath));//序列化数据到 e:\data.datoos.writeInt(100);// int -> Integer (实现了 Serializable)oos.writeBoolean(true);// boolean -> Boolean (实现了 Serializable)oos.writeChar('a');// char -> Character (实现了 Serializable)oos.writeDouble(9.5);// double -> Double (实现了 Serializable)oos.writeUTF("韩顺平教育");//String//保存一个dog对象oos.writeObject(new Dog("旺财", 10, "日本", "白色"));oos.close();System.out.println("数据保存完毕(序列化形式)");}
}
import com.hspedu.outputstream_.Dog;
public class ObjectInputStream_ {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {//指定反序列化的文件String filePath = "e:\\data.dat";ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(filePath));//读取//老师解读//1. 读取(反序列化)的顺序需要和你保存数据(序列化)的顺序一致//2. 否则会出现异常System.out.println(ois.readInt());System.out.println(ois.readBoolean());System.out.println(ois.readChar());System.out.println(ois.readDouble());System.out.println(ois.readUTF());//dog 的编译类型是 Object , dog 的运行类型是 DogObject dog = ois.readObject();System.out.println("运行类型=" + dog.getClass());System.out.println("dog信息=" + dog);//底层 Object -> Dog//这里是特别重要的细节://1. 如果我们希望调用Dog的方法, 需要向下转型//2. 需要我们将Dog类的定义,放在到可以引用的位置:即import com.hspedu.outputstream_.Dog;Dog dog2 = (Dog)dog;System.out.println(dog2.getName()); //旺财..//关闭流, 关闭外层流即可,底层会关闭 FileInputStream 流ois.close();}
}
Dog类(public)
//如果需要序列化某个类的对象,实现 Serializable
public class Dog implements Serializable {private String name;private int age;//序列化对象时,默认将里面所有属性都进行序列化,但除了static或transient修饰的成员private static String nation;private transient String color;//序列化对象时,要求里面属性的类型也需要实现序列化接口private Master master = new Master();//这里的master也应该序列化//serialVersionUID 序列化的版本号,可以提高兼容性private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;public Dog(String name, int age) {this.name = name;this.age = age;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Dog{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +'}' ;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}
}
二、7、 标准输入和输出
public class InputAndOutput {public static void main(String[] args) {//System 类 的 public final static InputStream in = null;// System.in 编译类型 InputStream// System.in 运行类型 BufferedInputStream// 表示的是标准输入 键盘System.out.println(System.in.getClass());Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("输入内容");String next = scanner.next();System.out.println("next=" + next);//老韩解读//1. System.out public final static PrintStream out = null;//2. 编译类型 PrintStream//3. 运行类型 PrintStream//4. 表示标准输出 显示器System.out.println(System.out.getClass());}
}
二、8、转换流(字节----字符)
//看一个中文乱码问题
public class CodeQuestion {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//读取e:\\a.txt 文件到程序//思路//1. 创建字符输入流 BufferedReader [处理流]//2. 使用 BufferedReader 对象读取a.txt//3. 默认情况下,读取文件是按照 utf-8 编码String filePath = "e:\\a.txt";BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filePath));String s = br.readLine();System.out.println("读取到的内容: " + s);br.close();//InputStreamReader//OutputStreamWriter}
}
二、8.1、InputStreamReader
public class InputStreamReader_ {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String filePath = "e:\\a.txt";//解读//1. 把 FileInputStream 转成 InputStreamReader//2. 指定编码 gbk//InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(filePath), "gbk");//3. 把 InputStreamReader 传入 BufferedReader//BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);//将2 和 3 合在一起BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(filePath), "gbk"));//4. 读取String s = br.readLine();System.out.println("读取内容=" + s);//5. 关闭外层流br.close();}
}
二、8.2、OutputStreamWriter
//把FileOutputStream 字节流,转成字符流 OutputStreamWriter// 指定处理的编码 gbk/utf-8/utf8
public class OutputStreamWriter_ {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {String filePath = "e:\\hsp.txt";String charSet = "utf-8";OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filePath), charSet);osw.write("hi, 韩顺平教育");osw.close();System.out.println("按照 " + charSet + " 保存文件成功~");}
}
二、9、打印流
PrintStream
public class PrintStream_ {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {PrintStream out = System.out;//在默认情况下,PrintStream 输出数据的位置是 标准输出,即显示器/*public void print(String s) {if (s == null) {s = "null";}write(s);}*/out.print("john, hello");//因为print底层使用的是write , 所以我们可以直接调用write进行打印/输出out.write("韩顺平,你好".getBytes());out.close();//我们可以去修改打印流输出的位置/设备//1. 输出修改成到 "e:\\f1.txt"//2. "hello, 韩顺平教育~" 就会输出到 e:\f1.txt//3. public static void setOut(PrintStream out) {// checkIO();// setOut0(out); // native 方法,修改了out// }System.setOut(new PrintStream("e:\\f1.txt"));System.out.println("hello, 韩顺平教育~");}
}
PrintWriter
public class PrintWriter_ {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(System.out);PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("e:\\f2.txt"));printWriter.print("hi, 北京你好~~~~");printWriter.close();// flush + 关闭流, 才会将数据写入到文件..}
}
二、9.1、Properties
传统方法读取properties文件
- 先配置好properties文件
public class Properties01 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//读取mysql.properties 文件,并得到ip, user 和 pwdBufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("src\\mysql.properties"));String line = "";while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { //循环读取String[] split = line.split("=");//如果我们要求指定的ip值if("ip".equals(split[0])) {System.out.println(split[0] + "值是: " + split[1]);}}br.close();}
}
- 引出properties
public class Properties02 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//使用Properties 类来读取mysql.properties 文件//1. 创建Properties 对象Properties properties = new Properties();//2. 加载指定配置文件properties.load(new FileReader("src\\mysql.properties"));//3. 把k-v显示控制台properties.list(System.out);//4. 根据key 获取对应的值String user = properties.getProperty("user");String pwd = properties.getProperty("pwd");System.out.println("用户名=" + user);System.out.println("密码是=" + pwd);}
}
public class Properties03 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//使用Properties 类来创建 配置文件, 修改配置文件内容Properties properties = new Properties();//创建//1.如果该文件没有key 就是创建//2.如果该文件有key ,就是修改/*Properties 父类是 Hashtable , 底层就是Hashtable 核心方法public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {// Make sure the value is not nullif (value == null) {throw new NullPointerException();}// Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;int hash = key.hashCode();int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {V old = entry.value;entry.value = value;//如果key 存在,就替换return old;}}addEntry(hash, key, value, index);//如果是新k, 就addEntryreturn null;}*/properties.setProperty("charset", "utf8");properties.setProperty("user", "汤姆");//注意保存时,是中文的 unicode码值properties.setProperty("pwd", "888888");//将k-v 存储文件中即可properties.store(new FileOutputStream("src\\mysql2.properties"), null);//这里的第二个参数是properties文件备注来的,null表示没有注释。System.out.println("保存配置文件成功~");}
}