Linux系统配置及服务管理_第12章 网络管理

• 简介

  • Linux网络接口名称规则

    • Network interface names Traditionally, network interfaces in Linux are enumerated as eth0, eth1, eth2, and so on. However, the mechanism which sets these names can cause changes to which interface gets which name as devices are added and removed. The default naming behavior in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 is to assign fixed names based on firmware, device topology, and device type. Interface names have the following characters: Ethernet interfaces begin with en, WLAN interfaces begin with wl, and WWAN interfaces begin with ww. The next character(s) represents the type of adapter with an o for on-board, s for hotplug slot, and p for PCI geographic location. Not used by default but also available to administrators, an x is used to incorporate a MAC address. Finally, a number N is used to represent an index, ID, or port. If the fixed name cannot be determined, the traditional names such as ethN will be used. For example, the first embedded network interface may be named eno1 and a PCI card network interface may be named enp2s0. The new names make it easier to distinguish the relationship between a port and its name if the user knows both, but the trade off is that users cannot assume a system with one interface calls that interface eth0.

      • en:eethernet 以太网-双绞线 wl:wirelessLAN：无线网卡 ww：WAN广域网：串行线缆 o：on-board板载网卡 s:hotplug热插拔 p：PCI接口 N：序号或者ID 示例：enp2s0

  • NetworkManager服务

    • 网络管理器（NetworkManager）是一个动态网络的控制器与配置系统，它用于当网络设备可用时保持设备和连接开启并激活

    • 默认情况下，CentOS/RHEL 7 已安装网络管理器，并处于启用状态。

    • 查看网络管理程序的状态

      • systemctl status NetworkManager

    • 查看网络子管理程序的状态

      • systemctl status network

  • 配置网络的工具

    • 配置的方法，多种多样

      • 图形

      • 命令

    • 命令行配置

      • 配置文件：vim

        • [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

      • 命令行： nmcli

        • 如果没有这个命令，可以执行安装

        • yum -y instal