webUI自动化测试框架

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一、设计思路

框架采用python3+yaml+po+unittest+HTMLTestRunner等技术编写的UI自动化测试框架

1.使用Page Object模式将页面定位和业务操作分开，分离测试对象（元素对象）和测试脚本（用例脚本），一个页面建一个对象类，提高用例的可维护性；

2.使用yaml管理页面空间元素和测试用例数据。例如一个页面元素发生变化时，不需要去修改代码，只需要在对应的页面元素yaml文件中修改即可。

3.以每个页面作为模块管理，随时组装，互不影响。

二、测试框架分层

1.框架层：基础组件封装，支撑整个框架的流程执行及功能扩展

2.用例层：根据用例场景构造test测试方法

3.业务层：封装页面对象类，一个页面建立一个类，业务层基础基础层page类

4.基础层：二次开发selenium的元素定位已经操作

三、编写用例方法

例如我需要新增百度搜索测试场景用例：

1.在testyaml目录下新增一个页面对象yaml文件，利用封装的yamlload方法将yaml文件中的dom元素读取出来，提供给封装页面对象类调用并定元素操作。

testinfo:

- id: test_login001

title: 登录百度网页测试

info: 打开百度首页

testcase:

- element_info: s-usersetting-top

find_type: ID

operate_type: click

info: 打开登录对话框

- element_info: userName

find_type: ID

operate_type: send_keys

info: 输入用户名称

- element_info: TANGRAM__PSP_11__password

find_type: ID

operate_type: send_keys

info: 输入密码

- element_info: TANGRAM__PSP_11__submit

find_type: ID

operate_type: click

info: 单击登录按钮

check:

- element_info: //*[@id="user"]/span[2]

find_type: XPATH

info: 检查用户是否登录

2.在testdata目录下新增一个yaml文件提供给用例测试数据

-

id: test_login001.1

detail : 验证登录成功

screenshot : phone_pawd_empty

data:

username: 13501198450

password: Han520520

check :

- hhil833

3.在page_obj目录编写百度搜索场景的页面对象类封装

testData = getyaml(setting.TEST_Element_YAML + '/' + 'baidu_login.yaml')

class baidu_login(Page):

def open_login(self,username,pwd):

"""

:return:

"""

dig_login_button_loc = (By.ID, testData.get_elementinfo(0))

self.find_element(*dig_login_button_loc).click()

sleep(1)

def go_login(self,username,pwd):

self.find_element(By.ID, testData.get_elementinfo(1)).send_keys(username)

sleep(1)

self.find_element(By.ID, testData.get_elementinfo(2)).send_keys(pwd)

sleep(1)

self.find_element(By.ID, testData.get_elementinfo(3)).click()

def user_login(self, username, pwd):

self.go_login(username,pwd)

sleep(1)

check = (By.ID, By.ID,testData.get_CheckElementinfo(0))

return self.find_element(*check).text

4.在testcase目录编写测试用例文件，采用ddt数据驱动读取yaml测试数据源文件

@ddt.data(*testData)

def user_login_verify(self, username, password):

"""

用户登录

:param phone: 手机号

:param password: 密码

:return:

"""

baidu_login(self.driver).user_login(username,password)

def test_login(self,datayaml):

"""

登录测试

:param datayaml: 加载login_data登录测试数据

:return:

"""

self.log.info("当前执行测试用例ID-> {0} ; 测试点-> {1}".format(datayaml['id'],datayaml['detail']))

# c = self.user_login_verify(datayaml["username"],datayaml["password"])

# log.info("检查点-> {0}".format(c))

# self.assertEqual(c, datayaml['check'][0],

# "成功登录，返回实际结果是->: {0}".format(c))

5.通过多线程将驱动传给执行方法，并行开启多个浏览器执行测试

def run_case(self,function,name):

thread_list=[]

for i in range(1):

appium_server = threading.Thread(target=function,args=(name,))

thread_list.append(appium_server)

for j in thread_list:

j.start()

def run_casea(self):

name = ["chrome", "chrome"]

for i in name:

self.run_case(self.test_baidu,i)

6.操作元素封装

def get_element(self, find_type, element=""):

# getdata = getyaml(file)

# type = getdata.get_find_type(find_type_index)

if find_type == "id" or find_type == "ID":

print(1111111111111111111111)

return self.driver.find_element_by_id(element)

elif find_type == "xpath" or find_type == "XPATH":

return self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(element)

elif find_type == "name" or find_type == "NAME":

return self.driver.find_element_by_name(element)

else:

raise Exception("错误！")

7.浏览器驱动封装

from typing import Union, Type
from selenium.webdriver import *
from selenium.webdriver.opera.options import Options as OperaOptions
from selenium.webdriver.edge.options import Options as EdgeOptions
from setting import *BROWSERS = (Chrome, Ie, Firefox, Edge, Opera, PhantomJS)
OPTIONS = (ChromeOptions, IeOptions, FirefoxOptions, EdgeOptions, OperaOptions)class BROWSER:CHROME_DRIVER_PATH = CHROME_DRIVER_PATH# 使用32位ie驱动解决文本输入缓慢的问题IE_DRIVER_PATH = IE_DRIVER_PATHFIREFOX_DRIVER_PATH = FIREFOX_DRIVER_PATHEDGE_DRIVER_PATH = EDGE_DRIVER_PATHOPERA_DRIVER_PATH = OPERA_DRIVER_PATHHEADLESS = HEADLESS# IMPLICITLY WAITING TIME METHODIMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 10# PAGE SOURCE LOAD TIME METHODPAGE_LOAD_TIME = 10# the script should wait during an# execute_async_script call before throwing an errorSCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 0# SET WINDOW SIZE METHODWINDOWS_SIZE = (1024, 900)def __init__(self, browser_type: Type[Union[Chrome, Ie, Firefox, Edge, Opera, PhantomJS, Remote]] = Chrome,option_type: Type[Union[FirefoxOptions, ChromeOptions, IeOptions, EdgeOptions, OperaOptions]] = ChromeOptions,driver_path: str = CHROME_DRIVER_PATH):if not issubclass(browser_type, BROWSERS):raise TypeErrorif not issubclass(option_type, OPTIONS):raise TypeErrorif not isinstance(driver_path, str):raise TypeErrorself._driver = browser_typeself._option = option_typeself._path = driver_path@propertydef browser(self):"""subclass should implement this methodreturn the instance of WebDriver:return:"""return@propertydef _options(self):"""subclass should implement this methodreturn instance of the Option Type like ChromeOptions:return:"""returnclass CHROME(BROWSER):METHOD_MARK = TrueIMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 30PAGE_LOAD_TIME = 20SCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 10# HEADLESS MODEL OPTIONHEADLESS = FalseOPTION_MARK = True# EXPERIMENTAL OPTIONEXPERIMENTAL = {# 'mobileEmulation': {'deviceName': 'iPhone 6'},  #以移动格式现实启动页面做h5时候会用到'excludeSwitches': ['enable-automation'] #浏览器启动时左上角提示正在运行自动化}# WINDOW SIZE OPTIONWINDOW_SIZE = ''# WINDOW_SIZE = '--window-size=1920,1080'# START MAXIMIZED OPTIONSTART_MAXIMIZED = '--start-maximized'@propertydef _options(self):"""chrome浏览器特有的操作属性:return:"""if self.OPTION_MARK:chrome_option = self._option()chrome_option.headless = self.HEADLESSif self.WINDOW_SIZE:chrome_option.add_argument(self.WINDOW_SIZE)if self.START_MAXIMIZED:# chrome_option.add_argument(self.START_MAXIMIZED)chrome_option.add_argument('--headless')chrome_option.add_argument('--disable-gpu')for k, v in self.EXPERIMENTAL.items():chrome_option.add_experimental_option(k, v)return chrome_optionreturn None@propertydef browser(self):"""启动chrome浏览器并进行初始配置:return:"""if self._options:chrome = self._driver(self._path, options=self._options)else:chrome = self._driver(self._path)if self.METHOD_MARK:chrome.implicitly_wait(self.IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME)chrome.set_page_load_timeout(self.PAGE_LOAD_TIME)chrome.set_script_timeout(self.SCRIPT_TIMEOUT)return chromeclass IE(BROWSER):IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 20PAGE_LOAD_TIME = 10SCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 10WINDOWS_SIZE = (1600, 1024)CLEAN_SESSION = TrueATTACH_TIMEOUT = 10000MARK = Truedef __init__(self):super(IE, self).__init__(browser_type=Ie,option_type=IeOptions,driver_path=super().IE_DRIVER_PATH)@propertydef _options(self):"""ie浏览器特有的操作属性:return:"""ie_option = self._option()ie_option.browser_attach_timeout = self.ATTACH_TIMEOUTie_option.ensure_clean_session = self.CLEAN_SESSIONreturn ie_option@propertydef browser(self):"""启动ie浏览器并进行初始配置:return:"""if self.MARK:ie = self._driver(self._path, options=self._options)else:ie = self._driver(self._path)ie.implicitly_wait(self.IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME)ie.set_page_load_timeout(self.PAGE_LOAD_TIME)ie.set_script_timeout(self.SCRIPT_TIMEOUT)ie.set_window_size(*self.WINDOWS_SIZE)return ieclass FIREFOX(BROWSER):def __init__(self):super(FIREFOX, self).__init__(browser_type=Firefox,option_type=FirefoxOptions,driver_path=super().FIREFOX_DRIVER_PATH)@propertydef _options(self):returndef browser(self):return self._driver(self._path)class OPERA(BROWSER):def __init__(self):super(OPERA, self).__init__(browser_type=Opera,option_type=OperaOptions,driver_path=super().OPERA_DRIVER_PATH)@propertydef _options(self):returndef browser(self):return self._driver(self._path)