Testify v. /ˈtestɪfaɪ/

(testifies, testifying, testified, testified)

1. ~ (against/for sb) ~ (to/about sth) to make a statement that something happened or that something is true, especially as a witness in court（尤指出庭）作证 

[V]

• She refused to testify against her husband. 她拒绝出庭作证指控丈夫。

• There are several witnesses who will testify for the defense. 有几名证人愿意为被告作证。

• He was summoned to testify before a grand jury. 他被传唤出庭在大陪审团前作证。

[V (that)]

• He testified (that) he was at the theatre at the time of the murder. 他作证声称凶杀案发生时自己正在剧院。

[also V speech]

2. [V (that)] to say that you believe something is true because you have evidence of it 证实；证明 

• Too many young people are unable to write or spell well, as employers will testify. 写作或拼写不好的年轻人太多了，这一点雇主都会证明。

3. [V] (especially NAmE) to express your belief in God publicly 见证（上帝的存在）

PHRASAL VERBS

1. ˈTESTIFY TO STH (formal) to show or be evidence that something is true 作为某事的证明；表明；说明 

SYN evidence

• The film testifies to the courage of ordinary people during the war. 这部电影表明老百姓在战争期间的英勇行为。

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Sanctuary n. /ˈsæŋktʃuəri/

(pl.-ies)

1. [C]an area where wild birds or animals are protected and encouraged to breed

   鸟兽保护区；禁猎区

   SYN reserve

   - a bird/wildlife sanctuary 鸟类╱野生动物保护区

2. [U]safety and protection, especially for people who are being chased or attacked

   庇护；保护

   - to take sanctuary in a place 在一地避难

   - The government offered sanctuary to 4,000 refugees. 政府为4,000名难民提供了保护。

   - She longed for the sanctuary of her own home. 她渴望回到自己家中，不再担惊受怕。

3. [C usually sing.]a safe place, especially one where people who are being chased or attacked can stay and be protected

   避难所；庇护所

   - The church became a sanctuary for the refugees. 教堂成为这些难民的庇护所。

4. [C]a holy building or the part of it that is considered the most holy

   圣所；圣殿

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Assault n. /əˈsɔːlt/

1. [UC]~ (on/upon sb) the crime of attacking someone physically

   侵犯他人身体（罪）；侵犯人身罪

   - Both men were charged with assault. 两人均被控侵犯他人身体罪。

   - A significant number of indecent assaults on women go unreported. 很大数量的猥亵妇女罪没有举报。

   - sexual assaults 性攻击（指强奸、猥亵）

2. [C]~ (on/upon/against sb/sth) (by an army, etc.) the act of attacking a building, an area, etc. in order to take control of it

   攻击；突击；袭击

   SYN attack

   - An assault on the capital was launched in the early hours of the morning. 凌晨时分向首都发起了攻击。

3. [C]~ (on/upon sth) the act of trying to achieve something that is difficult or dangerous

   （向困难或危险事物发起的）冲击

   - The government has mounted a new assault on unemployment (in order to reduce it). 政府向失业发起新的攻势。

   - Three people died during an assault on the mountain (while trying to climb it). 登山过程中有三人死亡。

4. [C]~ (on/upon/against sb/sth) an act of criticizing someone or something severely

   抨击

   SYN attack

   - The paper's assault on the president was totally unjustified. 这份报纸对总统的攻击纯属无稽之谈。

   - The suggested closures came under assault from all parties. 关闭机构的建议受到各方严厉批评。

as·sault /əˈsɔːlt/

[v. transitive]

1. to attack someone violently, especially when this is a crime

   猛烈攻击，袭击，侵犯人身（尤指构成罪行）

   - He has been charged with assaulting a police officer. 他被控袭击警察。

   - Four women have been sexually assaulted in the area recently. 近来这个地区有四名妇女遭到强奸猥亵。

2. (formal) to affect your senses in a way that is very unpleasant or uncomfortable

   使（感官）难受

   - Loud rock music assaulted our ears. 喧闹的摇滚乐直往我们耳朵里钻。

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Grocery n. /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ (pl.-ies)

1. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually also ˈgrocery store) [C] a shop/store that sells food and other things used in the home. In American English ‘grocery store’ is often used to mean ‘supermarket’.

   食品杂货店（在美国英语中grocery store常用以指supermarket）

2. groceries [pl.] food and other goods sold by a grocer or at a supermarket

   食品杂货

DERIVATIVES

gro·cery [only before noun] adj

- the grocery bill 食品杂货账单

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Peg n. /peɡ/

1. a short piece of wood, metal, or plastic used for holding things together, hanging things on, marking a position, etc.

   （木、金属或塑料）钉子，楔子，橛子，短桩

   - There's a peg near the door to hang your coat on. 门边有个钩子可以挂衣服。

2. (also ˈtent peg) a small pointed piece of wood or metal that you attach to the ropes of a tent and push into the ground in order to hold the tent in place

   （木制或金属）帐篷短桩，橛子

3. (also ˈclothes peg) (both BrE) (NAmE also clothes·pin) a piece of wood or plastic used for attaching wet clothes to a clothesline晾衣夹子

4. (also ˈtuning peg) a wooden screw for making the strings of a musical instrument tighter or looser弦钮；琴栓

IDIOMS

1. ˌoff the ˈpeg (BrE) (NAmE also ˌoff the ˈrack)

   (of clothes) made to a standard average size and not made especially to fit you

   成品的；现成的

   - He buys his clothes off the peg. 他买的是成衣。

   - off-the-peg fashions 成衣的流行式样

2. ˌbring/ˌtake sb ˈdown a peg (or two)

   to make somebody realize that they are not as good, important, etc. as they think they are

   杀某人的威风；挫某人的锐气

   - He needed to be taken down a peg or two. 需要杀杀他的威风。

3. a peg to ˈhang sth on

   something that gives you an excuse or opportunity to discuss or explain something

   借口；理由；话头

—more at square (adj.)

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Carton n. /ˈkɑːrtən/

1. a light cardboard or plastic box or pot for holding goods, especially food or liquid; the contents of a carton

   （尤指装食品或液体的）硬纸盒，塑料盒，塑料罐；硬纸盒（或塑料盒）所装物品

   - a milk carton/a carton of milk 牛奶盒；一盒牛奶

2. (NAmE) a large container in which goods are packed in smaller containers

   （内装小盒的）大包装盒

   - a carton of cigarettes 一条香烟

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Bruise v. /bruːz/

1. to develop a bruise, or make a bruise or bruises appear on the skin of somebody/something

   （使）出现伤痕；撞伤；擦伤

   - Strawberries bruise easily. 草莓容易损伤。

   - She had slipped and badly bruised her face. 她滑了一跤，摔得鼻青脸肿。

2. [VN] [usually passive] to affect somebody badly and make them feel unhappy and less confident

   打击；挫伤

   - They had been badly bruised by the defeat. 失败使他们的自信心大为受挫。

n. /bruːz/

1. a blue, brown, or purple mark that appears on the skin after somebody has fallen, been hit, etc.

   青肿；淤伤；碰伤

   - to be covered in bruises 浑身青肿

   - cuts and bruises 伤口和淤伤

2. a mark on a fruit or vegetable where it is damaged

   （水果或蔬菜的）碰伤，伤痕

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dangle (v.)

1. [V usually + adv./prep.] to hang or swing freely 悬垂；悬挂；悬荡；悬摆

   - Gold charms dangled from her bracelet. 她的手镯上挂着许多金饰物。

   - A single light bulb dangled from the ceiling. 天花板上孤零零地悬吊着一只灯泡。

   - He sat on the edge with his legs dangling over the side. 他悬垂着双腿坐在边缘上。

2. [VN] to hold something so that it hangs or swings freely 提着（某物，任其自然下垂或摆动）；来回摆动着

   - She dangled her car keys nervously as she spoke. 她说话时紧张地晃动着她那串汽车钥匙。

IDIOMS

1. keep/leave sb dangling (informal) to keep someone in an uncertain state by not telling them something that they want to know （不对人言明而）使心里没底，使无把握，使拿不准

   - She kept him dangling for a week before making her decision. 她让他忐忑不安了一个星期才作出决定。

PHRASAL VERBS

1. dangle something before/in front of someone to offer someone something good in order to persuade them to do something 诱惑；吊胃口

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script (n.)

1. [C] a written text of a play, film/movie, broadcast, talk, etc. 剧本；电影剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿

   - That line isn't in the original script. 原剧本中没有那句台词.

2. [U] writing done by hand 笔迹

   - She admired his neat script. 她欣赏他写的一手好字.

(See also: manuscript)

3. [UC] a set of letters in which a language is written （一种语言的）字母系统，字母表

   - a document in Cyrillic script 一份用西里尔字母书写的文件

4. [C] (BrE) a candidate's written answer or answers in an exam 笔试答卷

5. [UC] (computing) a series of instructions for a computer 脚本（程序）（计算机的一系列指令）

• The bug was caused by an error in the script. 这个故障是由脚本程序出错造成的.

[ VN] [ often passive]to write the script for a film/movie, play, etc.为电影（或戏剧等）写剧本

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lad (n.)

1. [C] (old-fashioned, informal) (BrE) a boy or young man 男孩儿；少年；男青年；小伙子

   - Things have changed since I was a lad. 从我幼时至今，一切都发生了变化。

   - He's a nice lad. 他是个好小伙子.

(Compare: lass)

2. the lads [pl.] (BrE, informal) a group of friends that a man works with or spends free time with 伙伴；哥们儿

   - to go to the pub with the lads 与伙伴一起去酒吧

3. [C, usually sing.] (BrE, informal) a lively young man, especially one who is very interested in women and having sex, drinks a lot of alcohol, and enjoys sports （精力旺盛的）放荡小伙子

   - Tony was a bit of a lad—always had an eye for the women. 托尼这小子真是个花花公子—总是很会欣赏女人.

(See also: laddish)

4. [C] (BrE) a person who works in a stable 马夫；马倌

(See also: stable boy)

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manipulate (v.) /məˈnɪpjuleɪt/

[ VN]

1. ~ (sb into sth/into doing sth) (disapproving) to control or influence sb/sth, often in a dishonest way so that they do not realize it （暗中）控制，操纵，影响

   - She uses her charm to manipulate people. 她利用自身的魅力来摆布别人.

   - As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion. 身为一位政客，他知道如何左右公众舆论.

   - They managed to manipulate us into agreeing to help. 他们设法促使我们答应了提供帮助.

2. to control or use sth in a skillful way （熟练地）操作，使用

   - to manipulate the gears and levers of a machine 熟练地操纵机器的排挡和变速杆

   - Computers are very efficient at manipulating information. 计算机在处理信息方面效率极高.

3. (technical term) to move a person's bones or joints into the correct position 正骨；治疗脱臼

DERIVATIVES:

manipulation [UC] /məˌnɪpjuˈleɪʃn/

n

- Advertising like this is a cynical manipulation of the elderly. 作这样的广告宣传就是耍弄老年人.

- data manipulation 数据处理

- manipulation of the bones of the back 对脊椎骨的推拿治疗

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molecule (n.) /ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/

(chemistry 化)

- the smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature 分子

  - A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. 水分子由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成.

DERIVATIVES:

molecular [only before noun] /məˈlekjələ(r)/

adj

- molecular structure/biology 分子结构╱生物学

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shuttle (n.)  /ˈʃʌtl/

1. a plane, bus or train that travels regularly between two places

   - a shuttle service between London and Edinburgh 往返于伦敦和爱丁堡之间的航班

2. = space shuttle

3. a pointed tool used in making cloth to pull a thread backwards and forwards over the other threads that pass along the length of the cloth 梭；梭子

4. the Shuttle [sing.] a train service that takes cars and their passengers through the Channel Tunnel between England and France （英法之间英吉利海峡隧道的）穿梭火车

[adv./prep.]

1. [V] ~ (between A and B) to travel between two places frequently 频繁往来（于甲地和乙地之间）

   - Her childhood was spent shuttling between her mother and father. 她的童年是在父母之间穿梭往来中度过的.

2. [VN] to carry people between two places that are close, making regular journeys between the two places （在较近的两地之间定时）往返运送

   - A bus shuttles passengers back and forth from the station to the terminal. 一辆公共汽车在火车站和公共汽车终点站之间往返运送旅客.

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gutter (n.) /ˈɡʌtə(r)/

1. [C] a long curved channel made of metal or plastic that is fixed under the edge of a roof to carry away the water when it rains 檐沟；天沟

   - a blocked/leaking gutter 堵塞了的╱漏水的檐沟

2. [C] a channel at the edge of a road where water collects and is carried away to drains 路旁排水沟；阴沟

3. the gutter [sing.] the bad social conditions or low moral standards sometimes connected with the lowest level of society 恶劣的社会环境；道德沦落的社会最低阶层

   - She rose from the gutter to become a great star. 她是从贫民区成长起来的大明星.

   - the language of the gutter (= used when swearing) 粗鄙的语言（诅咒时用）

[V] (literary) (of a flame or火焰或蜡烛) to burn in an unsteady way 忽明忽暗；摇曳不定

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drastic (adj.) /ˈdræstɪk/ or /ˈdrɑːstɪk/

- extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on something 极端的；急剧的；严厉的；猛烈的

  - drastic measures/changes 严厉的措施；剧烈的变化

  - The government is threatening to take drastic action. 政府警告说要采取断然措施。

  - a drastic shortage of food 食物的极度短缺

[DERIVATIVES]

- drastically /-kli/ adv.

  - Output has been drastically reduced. 产量已急剧下降。

  - Things have started to go drastically wrong. 情况变得完全失控。

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wag (v.)/wæɡ/ (-gg-)

1. [VVN] if a dog wags its tail, or its tail wags, its tail moves from side to side several times（狗）摇，摆动（尾巴）；（狗尾巴）摇，摆动

2. [VN] to shake your finger or your head from side to side or up and down, often as a sign of disapproval 摆动，摇（头或手指，常表示不赞成）

3. [VN] (AustralENZE) to stay away from school without permission 逃学

   - to wag school 逃学

IDM see tail n. tongue n.

1. (old-fashioned) (especially BrE) a person who enjoys making jokes 老开玩笑的人；爱闹着玩的人

   - SYN joker

2. a wagging movement 摇摆；摆动

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Rear (n.) /rɪə(r)/

1. (usually the rear) [sing.] the back part of something 后部

   - A trailer was attached to the rear of the truck. 卡车后面挂了一辆拖车。

   - There are toilets at both the front and rear of the plane. 飞机前后舱都有洗手间。

   - A high gate blocks the only entrance to the rear. 一座高大的门挡住了通往后面的唯一入口.

   -- note: see "back"

2. (also ˌrear ˈend) [C usually sing.] (informal) the part of the body that you sit on 屁股；臀部

   - SYN bottom

   - a kick in the rear 踢了一下屁股

IDIOMS 习语

1. ˌbring up the ˈrear

• to be at the back of a line of people, or last in a race
• 站在队尾；落在最后；殿后

rear (adj.) /rɪə(r)/ [only before noun]

1. at or near the back of something 后面的；后部的

   - front and rear windows 前面和后面的窗户

   - the rear entrance of the building 大楼的后门

rear (v.)/rɪə(r)/

1. [VN] [often passive] to care for young children or animals until they are fully grown 抚养；养育；培养

   - SYN bring up, raise

   - She reared a family of five on her own. 她一个人养活五个孩子。

2. [VN] to breed or keep animals or birds, for example on a farm 饲养

   - to rear cattle 养牛

3. [V] (of an animal, especially a horse) to raise itself on its back legs, with the front legs in the air 用后腿直立

   - The horse reared, throwing its rider. 这匹马后腿直立，将骑手摔下。

4. [V] (of something large) to seem to lean over you, especially in a threatening way （尤指可怖地）巍然耸立

   - The great bulk of the building reared up against the night sky. 夜幕下，巨大的高楼显得阴森森的。

IDIOMS 习语

1. sth rears its (ugly) head

   - if something unpleasant rears its head or rears its ugly head, it appears or happens （讨厌的事情）出现，发生

PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词

1. rear sb/sth on sth

   - [usually passive] to give a person or an animal a particular type of food, entertainment, etc. while they are young （用…）喂养；（以…）娱乐，培养

   - I was the son of sailors and reared on stories of the sea.

我是水手的儿子，是听海的故事长大的。

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Cereal n. /ˈsɪəriəl/

1. [C] one of various types of grass that produce grains that can be eaten or are used to make flour or bread. Wheat, barley, and rye are all cereals. 谷类植物

   - cereal crops 谷类作物

2. [U] the grain produced by cereal crops 谷物

3. [C/U] food made from the grain of cereals, often eaten for breakfast with milk （常加牛奶作早餐用的）谷类食物

   - breakfast cereals 谷类早餐食物

   - a bowl of cereal 一碗麦片粥

Testify.He refused to testify in court without the presence of his lawyer.

他拒绝在法庭上作证，没有律师的陪同。

Sanctuary.The church provided sanctuary to those seeking refuge from the war.

教堂为那些逃避战争的人提供庇护所。

Assault.The victim was left traumatized after the brutal assault.

受害者在残暴的袭击后留下了心理创伤。

Grocery.She went to the grocery store to buy some fresh vegetables. 她去杂货店买些新鲜蔬菜。

Peg.She hung her clothes out to dry using a peg. 她用衣夹把衣服晾出去晒。

Figure.The artist sketched a beautiful figure in the painting. 艺术家在画中勾勒出一个美丽的人物。

Carton.He picked up a carton of milk from the supermarket. 他从超市里拿起一盒牛奶。

Bruise.He had a bruise on his arm from the fall. 他手臂上有一个摔倒造成的淤青。

Dangle.The keys dangled from her fingers as she walked. 钥匙在她走路时从手指间晃动。

Script.The actor memorized his lines for the script. 演员熟记剧本台词。

Lad.The young lad helped his grandfather in the garden. 年轻小伙子在花园里帮助他的爷爷。

Manipulate.She was accused of trying to manipulate the outcome of the election.

她被指控试图操纵选举结果。

Molecule.The scientist studied the structure of the molecule under the microscope.

科学家在显微镜下研究分子的结构。

Shuttle.The shuttle bus took us from the airport to the hotel. 班车把我们从机场送到了酒店。

Gutter.The rainwater flowed down the gutter along the side of the road.

雨水顺着路边的排水沟流下。

Drastic.The company had to make drastic changes to survive in the competitive market. 公司不得不做出 drastical 改变以在竞争激烈的市场中生存。

Wag.The dog wagged its tail happily when its owner returned home. 当主人回家时，狗高兴地摇动着尾巴。

Rear.He parked his car at the rear of the building. 他把车停在了建筑物的后部。

Nail clipper.She used the nail clipper to trim her fingernails. 她用指甲刀修剪她的指甲。

Cereal.He enjoyed a bowl of cereal with milk for breakfast. 他早餐时享受了一碗加牛奶的谷类食品。