中位数是指有序数列中，位于 中间位置的数的值
若为奇数，则中间数开始位置=结束位置
若为偶数，则中位数结束位置-开始位置=1
即
求解公司员工薪水的中位数

select  com_id, floor((count(salary)+1)/2) as start,
floor((count(salary)+2)/2) as end
from employee group by com_id order by com_id

1. 窗口函数：根据中位数的位置信息进行求解

• 分奇偶条件判断

select com_id,salary
from(select com_id,salary,row_number() over(partition by com_id order by salary desc) as rnk,count(salary) over(partition by com_id) as numfrom employee ) t1
where t1.rnk in (floor(num/2)+1, if(mod(num,2)=0,floor(num/2),floor(num/2)+1)
order by com_id

• 中位数条件由排序和总和计算

select com_id, salary
from
(select com_id,salary,row_number() over(partition by com_id order by salary Desc) rnk,count(salary) over(partition by com_id) as numfrom employee
) t1
where abs(t1.rnk - (t1.num+1)/2) < 1
order by com_id

注意：不可在一次查询中对窗口函数的结果进行操作
因为查询的顺序为：from->where->group by->having->select->order by

2. 中位数，正排倒排都是中位数

select com_id,salary
from
(select *,row_number() over(partition by com_id order by salary) as rnk1,row_number() over(partition by com_id order by salary desc) as rnk2from employee
) t1
where rnk1=rnk2 or abs(rnk1-rnk2)=1
order by com_id

报错：BIGINT UNSIGNED value is out of range

两种方式修改：

直接修改设置SET sql_mode=‘NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION’

或者修改代码

select com_id,salary
from
(select *,row_number() over(partition by com_id order by salary) as rnk1,row_number() over(partition by com_id order by salary desc) as rnk2from employee
) t1
where t1.rnk1 = t1.rnk2 or abs(cast(t1.rnk1 as signed)-cast(t1.rnk2 as signed)) = 1

ref:SQL 求中位数