SpringMVC使用步驟

1.导入依赖坐标

	<dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><!--这个依赖会跟tomcat插件有冲突，需要把有效范围设置为provided--><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version></dependency>

2.添加tomcat插件

	  <plugin><groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId><artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>2.1</version><configuration><port>80</port><path>/</path></configuration></plugin>

3.创建SpringMVC控制器类

package controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;@Controller
public class UserController {//设置请求的访问路径@RequestMapping("/save")//设置响应的返回值类型，方法的返回值类型就是响应的返回值类型@ResponseBodypublic String save() {System.out.println("user save");return "{'info':'successful'}";}
}

4.初始化SpringMVC环境，设定SpringMVC加载对应的bean

注：对bean的加载控制做细致划分

package config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "com.example",excludeFilters = @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)
)
public class SpringConfig {
}

package config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.example.controller"})
@EnableWebMvc //包含开启Json数据转换成Java对象的功能
public class SpringMVCConfig {
}

5.初始化Servlet容器，加载SpringMVC环境，并设置SpringMVC技术处理的请求

package config;import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer;public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {//加载SpringMVC容器配置@Overrideprotected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();applicationContext.register(SpringMVCConfig.class);return applicationContext;}//设置哪些请求归属SpringMVC处理@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings() {// “/”代表所有请求return new String[]{"/"};}//加载spring容器配置@Overrideprotected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();applicationContext.register(SpringConfig.class);return applicationContext;}//过滤器处理乱码问题@Overrideprotected Filter[] getServletFilters() {CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");return new Filter[]{filter};}
}

简化的书写方式

package config;import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {//加载spring容器配置@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};}//加载SpringMVC容器配置@Overrideprotected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {return new Class[]{SpringMVCConfig.class};}//设置哪些请求归属SpringMVC处理@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings() {return new String[]{"/"};}//过滤器处理乱码问题@Overrideprotected Filter[] getServletFilters() {CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");return new Filter[]{filter};}
}