一、什么是中断
中断是指计算机运行过程中,出现某些意外情况需主机干预时,机器能自动停止正在运行的程序并转入处理新情况的程序,处理完毕后又返回原被暂停的程序继续运行。
二、中断优先级
任何中断的优先级都大于任务!
在我们的操作系统,中断同样是具有优先级的,并且我们也可以设置它的优先级,但是他的优先级并不是从 0~15 ,默认情况下它是从 5~15 ,0~4 这 5 个中断优先级不是 FreeRTOS 控制的(5是取决于 configMAX_SYSCALL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY)。
注意:
1. 在中断中必需使用中断相关的函数;
2. 中断服务函数运行时间越短越好(快进快出)
三、实操
3.1、需求
创建一个队列及一个任务,按下按键 KEY1 触发中断,在中断服务函数里向队列里发送数据,任务则阻塞接收队列数据。
3.2、代码
3.2.1、中断
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file stm32f1xx_it.c* @brief Interrupt Service Routines.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_it.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "cmsis_os.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN TD *//* USER CODE END TD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
extern osMessageQId myQueue01Handle;
/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//* External variables --------------------------------------------------------*/
extern TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2;/* USER CODE BEGIN EV *//* USER CODE END EV *//******************************************************************************/
/* Cortex-M3 Processor Interruption and Exception Handlers */
/******************************************************************************/
/*** @brief This function handles Non maskable interrupt.*/
void NMI_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */while (1){}/* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles Hard fault interrupt.*/
void HardFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN HardFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END HardFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Memory management fault.*/
void MemManage_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Prefetch fault, memory access fault.*/
void BusFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN BusFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END BusFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Undefined instruction or illegal state.*/
void UsageFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN UsageFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END UsageFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Debug monitor.*/
void DebugMon_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */
}/******************************************************************************/
/* STM32F1xx Peripheral Interrupt Handlers */
/* Add here the Interrupt Handlers for the used peripherals. */
/* For the available peripheral interrupt handler names, */
/* please refer to the startup file (startup_stm32f1xx.s). */
/******************************************************************************//*** @brief This function handles EXTI line0 interrupt.*/
void EXTI0_IRQHandler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI0_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END EXTI0_IRQn 0 */HAL_GPIO_EXTI_IRQHandler(GPIO_PIN_0);/* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI0_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END EXTI0_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles TIM2 global interrupt.*/
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END TIM2_IRQn 0 */HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(&htim2);/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END TIM2_IRQn 1 */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin) /*中断回调函数*/
{uint32_t rev = 2;xQueueSendFromISR(myQueue01Handle ,&rev ,NULL) ; /*中断中写队列*/
}
/* USER CODE END 1 */
3.2.2、freertos.c
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* File Name : freertos.c* Description : Code for freertos applications******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "FreeRTOS.h"
#include "task.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "cmsis_os.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Variables *//* USER CODE END Variables */
osThreadId defaultTaskHandle;
osMessageQId myQueue01Handle;/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN FunctionPrototypes *//* USER CODE END FunctionPrototypes */void StartDefaultTask(void const * argument);void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void); /* (MISRA C 2004 rule 8.1) *//* GetIdleTaskMemory prototype (linked to static allocation support) */
void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize );/* USER CODE BEGIN GET_IDLE_TASK_MEMORY */
static StaticTask_t xIdleTaskTCBBuffer;
static StackType_t xIdleStack[configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE];void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize )
{*ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer = &xIdleTaskTCBBuffer;*ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer = &xIdleStack[0];*pulIdleTaskStackSize = configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE;/* place for user code */
}
/* USER CODE END GET_IDLE_TASK_MEMORY *//*** @brief FreeRTOS initialization* @param None* @retval None*/
void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_MUTEX *//* add mutexes, ... *//* USER CODE END RTOS_MUTEX *//* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_SEMAPHORES *//* add semaphores, ... *//* USER CODE END RTOS_SEMAPHORES *//* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_TIMERS *//* start timers, add new ones, ... *//* USER CODE END RTOS_TIMERS *//* Create the queue(s) *//* definition and creation of myQueue01 */osMessageQDef(myQueue01, 16, uint16_t);myQueue01Handle = osMessageCreate(osMessageQ(myQueue01), NULL);/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_QUEUES *//* add queues, ... *//* USER CODE END RTOS_QUEUES *//* Create the thread(s) *//* definition and creation of defaultTask */osThreadDef(defaultTask, StartDefaultTask, osPriorityNormal, 0, 128);defaultTaskHandle = osThreadCreate(osThread(defaultTask), NULL);/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_THREADS *//* add threads, ... *//* USER CODE END RTOS_THREADS */}/* USER CODE BEGIN Header_StartDefaultTask */
/*** @brief Function implementing the defaultTask thread.* @param argument: Not used* @retval None*/
/* USER CODE END Header_StartDefaultTask */
void StartDefaultTask(void const * argument)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN StartDefaultTask */uint32_t rev = 0;/* Infinite loop */for(;;){if(xQueueReceive(myQueue01Handle ,&rev ,portMAX_DELAY) == pdTRUE) /*读队列*/printf("rev = %d\r\n",rev);osDelay(1);}/* USER CODE END StartDefaultTask */
}/* Private application code --------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Application *//* USER CODE END Application */