题目

请你仅使用两个栈实现先入先出队列。队列应当支持一般队列支持的所有操作（push、pop、peek、empty）：

实现 MyQueue 类：

• void push(int x) 将元素 x 推到队列的末尾
• int pop() 从队列的开头移除并返回元素
• int peek() 返回队列开头的元素
• boolean empty() 如果队列为空，返回 true ；否则，返回 false

题解

根据栈后进先出的性质，可将两个栈分别设置为只压入元素的栈和只弹出元素的栈，以此来满足队列先进先出的性质。

代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdbool.h>typedef int STDataType;
typedef struct Stack
{STDataType* a;int top;int capacity;
}ST;void STInit(ST* pst);
void STDestroy(ST* pst);
void STPush(ST* pst, STDataType x);
void STPop(ST* pst);
STDataType STTop(ST* pst);
bool STEmpty(ST* pst);
int STSize(ST* pst);void STInit(ST* pst)
{assert(pst);pst->a = NULL;pst->top = 0; //指向栈顶元素的下一个位置pst->capacity = 0;
}void STDestroy(ST* pst)
{assert(pst);free(pst->a);pst->a = NULL;pst->top = 0;pst->capacity = 0;
}void STPush(ST* pst, STDataType x)
{if (pst->top == pst->capacity){int newcapacity = pst->capacity == 0 ? 4 : pst->capacity * 2;STDataType* tmp = (STDataType*)realloc(pst->a, newcapacity * sizeof(STDataType));if (tmp == NULL){perror("realloc fail");return;}pst->a = tmp;pst->capacity = newcapacity;}pst->a[pst->top] = x;pst->top++;
}void STPop(ST* pst)
{assert(pst);assert(!STEmpty(pst));pst->top--;
}STDataType STTop(ST* pst)
{assert(pst);assert(!STEmpty(pst));return pst->a[pst->top - 1];
}bool STEmpty(ST* pst)
{assert(pst);return pst->top == 0;
}int STSize(ST* pst)
{assert(pst);return pst->top;
}typedef struct {ST pushst;ST popst;
} MyQueue;MyQueue* myQueueCreate() {MyQueue* obj = (MyQueue*)malloc(sizeof(MyQueue));STInit(&obj->pushst);STInit(&obj->popst);return obj;
}void myQueuePush(MyQueue* obj, int x) {STPush(&obj->pushst,x);
}int myQueuePeek(MyQueue* obj) {if(STEmpty(&obj->popst)){while(!STEmpty(&obj->pushst)){STPush(&obj->popst,STTop(&obj->pushst));STPop(&obj->pushst);}}return STTop(&obj->popst);
}int myQueuePop(MyQueue* obj) {int front =  myQueuePeek(obj);STPop(&obj->popst);return front;
}bool myQueueEmpty(MyQueue* obj) {return STEmpty(&obj->pushst) && STEmpty(&obj->popst);
}void myQueueFree(MyQueue* obj) {STDestroy(&obj->pushst);STDestroy(&obj->popst);free(obj);
}