网际控制报文协议icmp_网络中的ICMP（Internet控制消息协议）

网际控制报文协议icmp

ICMP(Internet控制消息协议)简介 (Introduction to ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol))

IP (Internet Protocol) is a network layer protocol. The responsibility of delivering data (Logical Addressing) to any network is done by the IP (Internet Protocol). For this purpose, the IP uses transport layer protocols such as TCP and UDP. TCP and IP form the TCP / IP protocol suite.

IP(Internet协议)是网络层协议。将数据(逻辑寻址)传送到任何网络的责任由IP(互联网协议)完成。为此，IP使用传输层协议，例如TCP和UDP。 TCP和IP构成TCP / IP协议套件。

Efforts are being made by Internet Protocol to deliver any data from source to destination. But there are some limitations to the internet protocol, which lowers its performance. These are being given below.

Internet协议正在努力将任何数据从源传送到目的地。但是，互联网协议存在一些局限性，从而降低了其性能。这些在下面给出。

IP(互联网协议)的局限性 (Limitations of IP (Internet Protocol))

Two significant deficiencies in Internet protocol are being given below. To understand the need for ICMP, it is important to understand these limitations properly.

下面给出Internet协议中的两个重大缺陷。要了解对ICMP的需求，正确理解这些限制很重要。

No Error Reporting:

无错误报告：

If any packet is discarded by the router due to an error, then there is no mechanism in the internet protocol so that the sender can be reported about this error.

如果路由器由于错误而丢弃了任何数据包，则互联网协议中没有机制，因此可以向发送方报告此错误。

Examples of some common errors are given below.

以下是一些常见错误的示例。

Suppose if the router is not getting a router to deliver data to the destination, then in such situation, the router will disconnect the packet.

假设如果路由器没有让路由器将数据传送到目的地，则在这种情况下，路由器将断开数据包的连接。

Suppose that the lifetime of a packet is done while traveling on the internet and in time the value of the time to live field in the packet is zero, then in this situation, the packet will be discarded.

假设某个数据包的生存期是在Internet上旅行时完成的，并且该数据包中的生存时间字段的时间值为零，那么在这种情况下，该数据包将被丢弃。

Suppose all the packets have not reached the destination till the destination, then in such a situation, the entire data will be discarded.

假设所有数据包直到目的地都没有到达目的地，那么在这种情况下，整个数据将被丢弃。

No Communication

没有沟通

There may be times when one device needs to communicate with another device, there is no such mechanism in Internet protocol for such a situation, so that devices can communicate among themselves in which some devices are required to communicate, such a few common situations are being given below.

有时，一个设备需要与另一设备进行通信，Internet协议中没有针对这种情况的机制，因此设备可以在需要某些设备进行通信的设备之间进行通信，这种情况很常见。如下。

Many times, a host needs to determine whether the destination host is alive before sending data.

很多时候，主机需要在发送数据之前确定目标主机是否处于活动状态。

Many times you may also need to get information about a host.

很多时候，您可能还需要获取有关主机的信息。

The Internet Control Message Protocol has been designed to overcome these shortcomings of Internet Protocol. ICMP and IP both work together. ICMP is the support protocol of the IP. There is a message mechanism in the ICMP so that the hosts are notified about error and status.

Internet控制消息协议旨在克服Internet协议的这些缺点。 ICMP和IP都可以一起工作。 ICMP是IP的支持协议。 ICMP中有一个消息机制，以便向主机通知有关错误和状态。