前言
默认情况下,微软提供的MVC框架模板中,WebAPI路由是不支持Namespace参数的。这导致一些比较大型的项目,无法把WebApi分离到单独的类库中。
本文将提供解决该问题的方案。
微软官方曾经给出过一个关于WebAPI支持Namespace的扩展,其主要内容就是自定义实现了IHttpControllerSelector接口,通过路由配置时替换掉MVC中自带的DefaultHttpControllerSelector达到WebAPI支持Namespace的目的。但是经过我的测试,效果并不好。这就就不贴微软官方的源码了。
解决方案
下面我介绍一下我的解决方案。
首先看一下我自定义的目录结构,如下图:
首先定义一个类,名字可以随意,我这里命名为ZhuSirNamespaceHttpControllerSelector,他继承自MVC框架默认的DefaultHttpControllerSelector类,该继承类主要目的是在请求URI到达WebAPI路由时检索我们指定的命名空间的WebAPI控制器。下面是ZhuSirNamespaceHttpControllerSelector类的源代码,可直接复制到你自己的项目中就可以用:
/// <summary>/// 扩展自DefaultHttpControllerSelector类的控制器选择器,目前在用/// </summary>public class ZhuSirNamespaceHttpControllerSelector : DefaultHttpControllerSelector{private const string NamespaceRouteVariableName = "namespaces";private readonly HttpConfiguration _configuration;private readonly Lazy<ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type>> _apiControllerCache;public ZhuSirNamespaceHttpControllerSelector(HttpConfiguration configuration): base(configuration){_configuration = configuration;_apiControllerCache = new Lazy<ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type>>(new Func<ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type>>(InitializeApiControllerCache));}private ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type> InitializeApiControllerCache(){IAssembliesResolver assembliesResolver = this._configuration.Services.GetAssembliesResolver();var types = this._configuration.Services.GetHttpControllerTypeResolver().GetControllerTypes(assembliesResolver).ToDictionary(t => t.FullName, t => t);return new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Type>(types);}public IEnumerable<string> GetControllerFullName(HttpRequestMessage request, string controllerName){object namespaceName;var data = request.GetRouteData();IEnumerable<string> keys = _apiControllerCache.Value.ToDictionary<KeyValuePair<string, Type>, string, Type>(t => t.Key,t => t.Value, StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase).Keys.ToList();if (!data.Values.TryGetValue(NamespaceRouteVariableName, out namespaceName)){return from k in keyswhere k.EndsWith(string.Format(".{0}{1}", controllerName,DefaultHttpControllerSelector.ControllerSuffix), StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase)select k;}string[] namespaces = (string[])namespaceName;return from n in namespacesjoin k in keys on string.Format("{0}.{1}{2}", n, controllerName,DefaultHttpControllerSelector.ControllerSuffix).ToLower() equals k.ToLower()select k;}public override HttpControllerDescriptor SelectController(HttpRequestMessage request){Type type;if (request == null){throw new ArgumentNullException("request");}string controllerName = this.GetControllerName(request);if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(controllerName)){throw new HttpResponseException(request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound,string.Format("无法通过API路由匹配到您所请求的URI '{0}'",new object[] { request.RequestUri })));}IEnumerable<string> fullNames = GetControllerFullName(request, controllerName);if (fullNames.Count() == 0){throw new HttpResponseException(request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound,string.Format("无法通过API路由匹配到您所请求的URI '{0}'",new object[] { request.RequestUri })));}if (this._apiControllerCache.Value.TryGetValue(fullNames.First(), out type)){return new HttpControllerDescriptor(_configuration, controllerName, type);}throw new HttpResponseException(request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound,string.Format("无法通过API路由匹配到您所请求的URI '{0}'",new object[] { request.RequestUri })));}}
第二步,需要我们配置WebAPI路由设置,添加{ namespaces }片段变量,同时也可以直接为其设置默认值,然后替换掉原MVC框架中的DefaultHttpControllerSelector选额器为我们之前扩展的ZhuSirNamespaceHttpControllerSelector选额器。这里需要注意片段变量的变量名namespaces一定要与我们ZhuSirNamespaceHttpControllerSelector中定义的NamespaceRouteVariableName字符串常量的值一致。下面贴出WebApiConfig的源码:
public static class WebApiConfig{public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config){//配置检查Api控制后缀为ApiController//var suffix = typeof(MicrosoftNamespaceHttpControllerSelector)// .GetField("ControllerSuffix", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public);//if (suffix != null)//{// suffix.SetValue(null, "ApiController");//}// Web API 配置和服务// 将 Web API 配置为仅使用不记名令牌身份验证。config.SuppressDefaultHostAuthentication();config.Filters.Add(new HostAuthenticationFilter(OAuthDefaults.AuthenticationType));// 对 JSON 数据使用混合大小写。config.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver();// Web API 路由config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(name: "DefaultApi",routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}/{namespaces}",defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional ,namespaces = new[] { "ZhuSir.HMS.WebApi.ApiControllers" } });config.Services.Replace(typeof(IHttpControllerSelector), new ZhuSirNamespaceHttpControllerSelector(config));}}
如上源码。我们替换了原MVC框架的DefaultHttpControllerSelector为ZhuSirNamespaceHttpControllerSelector,并且指定了默认的namespaces为ZhuSir.HMS.WebApi.ApiControllers。大体意思就是当URL为 http://XXX/api/testApi时,WebApi路由将在ZhuSir.HMS.WebApi.ApiControllers命名空间下寻找名称为testApi的WebAPI控制器的Get方法。
当然,WebAPI控制器除了集成字ApiController意外还要注意命名规范,都需要以Controller结尾,为了不让API控制器与MVC控制器重名,我都以ApiController结尾。下面贴出testAPI的源码:
namespace ZhuSir.HMS.WebApi.ApiControllers {public class TestApiController : ApiController{[HttpGet]public string Gettest(){return "测试数据";}} }
测试
程序Debug,录入URL: http://localhost:4541/api/TestApi,得到如下结果:
可以看出,WebAPI路由成功访问到了其他类库中的WebAPI控制器。
希望本文对你能有所帮助,如果转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/smallprogram/p/5673066.html