linux php环境搭建的方法：首先获取相关安装包；然后安装Apache以及mysql；接着修改配置文件“httpd.conf”；最后设置环境变量和开机自启，并编译安装PHP即可。
一、获取安装包PHP下载地址：http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.6.tar.gz
Apache下载地址：http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz
MySQL下载地址： https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
二、安装Apache
1. 依赖包安装1) 安装编译器gcc、gcc-c++yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
2) 安装依赖包expat-devel、zlib-devel、openssl-develyum install -y expat-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
2) 安装依赖包apr
注意:如果依赖包不存在,则去网站找最新的包,改成相应版本号下载即可wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf apr-1.6.2.tar.gzcd apr-1.6.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
3) 安装依赖包apr-utilwget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gzcd apr-util-1.6.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
4) 安装依赖包pcrewget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.42.tar.gz
tar zxvf pcre-8.41.tar.gzcd pcre-8.41
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make && make install
注意：将apr、apr-util安装包拷贝到Apache安装包的srclib目录中
名称分别命名为apr、apr-util，不要后面的版本号
2. 安装过程1) 解压Apache安装包tar zxvf httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz
注意： 将apr、apr-util安装包拷贝到Apache安装包的srclib目录中
名称分别命名为apr、apr-util，不要后面的版本号
2) 编译、安装cd httpd-2.4.28
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/apache \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \
--with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre \--with-mysql=shared,mysqlnd
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-deflate \
--enable-rewrite \
--enable-headers \
--enable-expires \
--disable-cgid\
--disable-cgi
3. 修改配置文件httpd.confvim /usr/local/server/apache/conf/httpd.conf
去掉ServerName前面的 #
并将ServerName后面的网址改为localhost:80
4. 将httpd加入系统服务并设置开机自启1) 将httpd加入系统服务cp /usr/local/server/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
2) 修改/etc/init.d/httpd，在第3行加入以下内容# chkconfig: 345 85 15# description: Activates/Deactivates Apache Web Server
注意： 代码中的 # 不可以去掉
3) 设置系统服务开机自启systemctl enable httpd
4) 启动Apacheservice httpd start
三、安装MySQL
1. 安装前准备1) 解压安装包tar zxvf mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/server/mysql
2) 创建用户和用户组并分配相应的权限groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql . #注意后面有个点
2. mysql的初始化并做基本配置1) 初始化mysqlcd /usr/local/server/mysql
bin/mysqld \
--initialize \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/server/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/server/mysql/data \
注意 : 如果报错 , 则缺哪个库yum安装即可bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
yum install libaio
2) 配置mysqlvim my.cnf # 创建配置文件
本示例仅保证mysql可以正常运行，更多配置请参考官方文档说明[mysqld]skip-grant-tablesbasedir = /usr/local/server/mysqldatadir = /usr/local/server/mysql/dataport = 3306
将配置文件软链接到 /etc/ 目录rm -rf /etc/my.cnfln -s /usr/local/server/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
3. 启动mysql并设置root用户密码1) 启动mysqlsupport-files/mysql.server start # 启动MySQLbin/mysql -uroot -p # 这里直接回车，无须输入密码
2) 重置root用户密码use mysql;
update user set authentication_string='' where user='root';
exit;
3 ) 删除/etc/my.cnf文件的 skip-grant-tables , 重启mysql服务support-files/mysql.server restart #重启mysql
4 ) 用root用户进行登录
mysql -u root -p
passwrod:直接回车
5 ) 使用ALTER修改root用户密码，初始化完毕 。退出，使用新密码登录
ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';
4. 设置环境变量和开机自启1) 设置环境变量
编辑profile文件vim /etc/profile
添加下列信息到profile尾部export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/server/mysql/bin
使环境变量立即生效source /etc/profile
2) 设置开机自启cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld
5. 防火墙设置CentOS默认开启了 firewall 防火墙，下面我们使用firewall开启3306l端口
1) 开启之前我们先查询下3306端口是否开启firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
2) 我们可以选择临时开启或者永久开启3306端口firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp # 临时开启3306端口 firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp # 永久开启3306端口
3) 重启firewallfirewall-cmd --reload
6. 远程访问1) 给予任何主机访问mysql的权限create user root@'%' identified by 'your_password';
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%';
2) 使权限修改生效FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
四、安装PHP
1. 安装步骤1) 安装依赖包yum -y install wget vim pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel \
libicu-devel gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng \
libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib \
zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel \
curl curl-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openldap openldap-devel \
nss_ldap jemalloc-devel cmake boost-devel bison automake libevent \
libevent-devel gd gd-devel libtool* libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mcrypt \
mhash libxslt libxslt-devel readline readline-devel gmp gmp-devel \
libcurl libcurl-devel openjpeg-devel libcurl.x86_64 libcurl-devel.x86_64 \
libjpeg-turbo libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng freetype libpng-devel \
freetype-devel icu libicu libicu-devel openldap openldap-clients \
openldap-devel openldap-serverscp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/
2) 解压PHP安装包tar zxvf php-7.2.6.tar.gz
3) 编译安装cd php-7.2.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/php \
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/server/apache/bin/apxs \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/server/php \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-iconv-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-intl \
--with-libmbfl \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--with-gettext \
--disable-fileinfo \
--enable-opcache \
--with-pear \
--enable-maintainer-zts \
--with-ldap=shared \
--without-gdbm \make && make install
2. 配置php.ini1) 将配置文件拷贝到PHP安装目录cp php.ini-* /usr/local/server/php/
2) 生成php.inicp php.ini-development /usr/local/server/php/php.inicp /usr/local/server/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/server/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
3 ) 修改php.ini配置文件expose_php = Off
short_open_tag = ON
max_execution_time = 300
max_input_time = 300
memory_limit = 128M
post_max_size = 32M
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
mbstring.func_overload=2
extension_dir = "/usr/local/server/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20170718/"
3. 修改httpd.conf载入PHP模块，如httpd.conf中有下列代码则直接去掉前面#即可，没有则加入LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so
在底部加入以下代码使得Apache可以解析php文件
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到如下代码，在index.html后面加入index.php
DirectoryIndex index.html
重启Apacheservice httpd restart
4. 测试PHP是否成功安装创建/usr/local/server/apache/htdocs/index.phpvim /usr/local/server/apache/htdocs/index.php
在index.php中编写以下代码<?php
phpinfo();?>
如果出现以下页面则安装成功
MYSQL8.0安装后 phpMyAdmin无法登陆解决
MYSQL8.0的密码验证方式从mysql_native_password改为了caching_sha2_password
vim my.cnfdefault_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
进入mysql修改一下密码和加密插件use mysql；
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'your_password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
