PostgreSQL数据库是一个高性能的全功能的开源关系型数据库，这里讲解一下如何在Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 下安装 PostgreSQL 10。

添加软件源

wget -q -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'

更新本地缓存

apt update

安装

lwk@qwfys ~ $ apt install postgresql-10 -y

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:

bbswitch-dkms lib32gcc1 libc6-i386 libjansson4 libvdpau1 libxnvctrl0 screen-resolution-extra xserver-xorg-legacy

Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.

The following additional packages will be installed:

libjs-underscore libpq5 libwxbase3.0-0v5 libwxgtk3.0-0v5 pgadmin3-data pgdg-keyring postgresql-client-10 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common

Suggested packages:

javascript-common postgresql-contrib locales-all postgresql-doc-10 libjson-perl

Recommended packages:

pgagent sysstat

The following NEW packages will be installed:

libjs-underscore libwxbase3.0-0v5 libwxgtk3.0-0v5 pgadmin3 pgadmin3-data pgdg-keyring postgresql-10 postgresql-client-10 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common

The following packages will be upgraded:

libpq5

1 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

Need to get 17.3 MB of archives.

After this operation, 70.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Get:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libjs-underscore all 1.7.0~dfsg-1ubuntu1 [46.7 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 libwxbase3.0-0v5 amd64 3.0.2+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.1 [971 kB]

Get:3 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 libwxgtk3.0-0v5 amd64 3.0.2+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.1 [4,344 kB]

Get:4 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt xenial-pgdg/main amd64 libpq5 amd64 10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1 [157 kB]

Get:5 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt xenial-pgdg/main amd64 pgadmin3-data all 1.22.2-2.pgdg16.04+1 [2,516 kB]

Get:6 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt xenial-pgdg/main amd64 pgadmin3 amd64 1.22.2-2.pgdg16.04+1 [3,067 kB]

Get:7 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt xenial-pgdg/main amd64 pgdg-keyring all 2017.3 [10.3 kB]

Get:8 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt xenial-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-common all 188.pgdg16.04+1 [81.5 kB]

Get:9 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt xenial-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-10 amd64 10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1 [1,277 kB]

Get:10 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt xenial-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-common all 188.pgdg16.04+1 [220 kB]

Get:11 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt xenial-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-10 amd64 10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1 [4,635 kB]

Fetched 17.3 MB in 6min 12s (46.5 kB/s)

Preconfiguring packages ...

Selecting previously unselected package libjs-underscore.

(Reading database ... 210818 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack .../libjs-underscore_1.7.0~dfsg-1ubuntu1_all.deb ...

Unpacking libjs-underscore (1.7.0~dfsg-1ubuntu1) ...

Preparing to unpack .../libpq5_10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libpq5:amd64 (10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1) over (9.5.10-0ubuntu0.16.04) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libwxbase3.0-0v5:amd64.

Preparing to unpack .../libwxbase3.0-0v5_3.0.2+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libwxbase3.0-0v5:amd64 (3.0.2+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libwxgtk3.0-0v5:amd64.

Preparing to unpack .../libwxgtk3.0-0v5_3.0.2+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libwxgtk3.0-0v5:amd64 (3.0.2+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package pgadmin3-data.

Preparing to unpack .../pgadmin3-data_1.22.2-2.pgdg16.04+1_all.deb ...

Unpacking pgadmin3-data (1.22.2-2.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package pgadmin3.

Preparing to unpack .../pgadmin3_1.22.2-2.pgdg16.04+1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking pgadmin3 (1.22.2-2.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package pgdg-keyring.

Preparing to unpack .../pgdg-keyring_2017.3_all.deb ...

Unpacking pgdg-keyring (2017.3) ...

Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-common.

Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-client-common_188.pgdg16.04+1_all.deb ...

Unpacking postgresql-client-common (188.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-10.

Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-client-10_10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking postgresql-client-10 (10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-common.

Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-common_188.pgdg16.04+1_all.deb ...

Adding 'diversion of /usr/bin/pg_config to /usr/bin/pg_config.libpq-dev by postgresql-common'

Unpacking postgresql-common (188.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-10.

Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-10_10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking postgresql-10 (10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu9) ...

Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ...

Processing 1 added doc-base file...

Registering documents with scrollkeeper...

Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) ...

Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22+linuxmint1) ...

Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...

Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...

Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21) ...

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...

ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot

Setting up libjs-underscore (1.7.0~dfsg-1ubuntu1) ...

Setting up libpq5:amd64 (10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Setting up libwxbase3.0-0v5:amd64 (3.0.2+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.1) ...

Setting up libwxgtk3.0-0v5:amd64 (3.0.2+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.1) ...

Setting up pgadmin3-data (1.22.2-2.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Setting up pgadmin3 (1.22.2-2.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Setting up pgdg-keyring (2017.3) ...

Removing apt.postgresql.org key from trusted.gpg: OK

Setting up postgresql-client-common (188.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Setting up postgresql-client-10 (10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1) ...

update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/10/man/man1/psql.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/psql.1.gz (psql.1.gz) in auto mode

Setting up postgresql-common (188.pgdg16.04+1) ...

Adding user postgres to group ssl-cert

Creating config file /etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf with new version

Building PostgreSQL dictionaries from installed myspell/hunspell packages...

en_us

Removing obsolete dictionary files:

Setting up postgresql-10 (10.1-1.pgdg16.04+1) ...

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Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by

Creating new PostgreSQL cluster 10/main ...

/usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/10/main --auth-local peer --auth-host md5

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".

This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locales

COLLATE: en_US.UTF-8

CTYPE: en_US.UTF-8

MESSAGES: en_US.UTF-8

MONETARY: zh_CN.UTF-8

NUMERIC: zh_CN.UTF-8

TIME: en_US.UTF-8

The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".

The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/10/main ... ok

creating subdirectories ... ok

selecting default max_connections ... 100

selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB

selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix

creating configuration files ... ok

running bootstrap script ... ok

performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok

syncing data to disk ... ok

Success. You can now start the database server using:

/usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/10/main -l logfile start

Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file

10 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/10/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-10-main.log

update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/10/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in auto mode

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu9) ...

Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21) ...

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...