From：https://www.cnblogs.com/hellangels333/p/8918938.html

fake-useragent 下载 和 使用方法：https://pypi.org/project/fake-useragent

 

伪装浏览器代理 在爬取网页是有些服务器对请求过滤的不是很高可以不用ip来伪装请求直接将自己的浏览器信息给伪装也是可以的。

第一种方法：

1.在setting.py文件中加入以下内容，这是一些浏览器的头信息

USER_AGENT_LIST = ['zspider/0.9-dev http://feedback.redkolibri.com/','Xaldon_WebSpider/2.0.b1','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)','Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Speedy Spider; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)','Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.3; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.2; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.1; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.0; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (Beta/1.0; www.entireweb.com)','Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)','Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)','Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com)','Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)','sogou spider','Nusearch Spider (www.nusearch.com)','nuSearch Spider (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows NT)','lmspider (lmspider@scansoft.com)','lmspider lmspider@scansoft.com','ldspider (http://code.google.com/p/ldspider/wiki/Robots)','iaskspider/2.0(+http://iask.com/help/help_index.html)','iaskspider','hl_ftien_spider_v1.1','hl_ftien_spider','FyberSpider (+http://www.fybersearch.com/fyberspider.php)','FyberSpider','everyfeed-spider/2.0 (http://www.everyfeed.com)','envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 (+http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)','envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 ( http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)','Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider_jp.html)','Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.htm)','BaiDuSpider','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) AddSugarSpiderBot www.idealobserver.com',]

2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个HeaderMidWare.py文件 内容为

# encoding: utf-8
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
import randomsettings = get_project_settings()class ProcessHeaderMidware():"""process request add request info"""def process_request(self, request, spider):"""随机从列表中获得header， 并传给user_agent进行使用"""ua = random.choice(settings.get('USER_AGENT_LIST'))  spider.logger.info(msg='now entring download midware')if ua:request.headers['User-Agent'] = ua# Add desired logging message here.spider.logger.info(u'User-Agent is : {} {}'.format(request.headers.get('User-Agent'), request))pass

3.在setting.py文件中添加

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'projectName.MidWare.HeaderMidWare.ProcessHeaderMidware': 543,
}

 

 

第二种方法：fake_userAgent的使用

fake_userAgent是github上的开源项目
1.安装 fake_userAgent
    pip install fake-useragent

fake_userAgent 使用方法

from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import requestsua = UserAgent()
print(ua.ie)       #ie浏览器的user agent
print(ua.opera)    #opera浏览器
print(ua.chrome)   #chrome浏览器
print(ua.firefox)  #firefox浏览器
print(ua.safari)   #safri浏览器#最常用的方式
#写爬虫最实用的是可以随意变换headers，一定要有随机性。支持随机生成请求头
print(ua.random)
print(ua.random)
print(ua.random)######################################################请求的网址
url="http://www.baidu.com"#请求头
headers={"User-Agent":ua.random}#请求网址
response=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)#响应体内容
print(response.text)#响应状态信息
print(response.status_code)#响应头信息
print(response.headers)

2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个user_agent_middlewares.py文件内容为

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from fake_useragent import UserAgentclass RandomUserAgentMiddlware(object):#随机跟换user-agentdef __init__(self,crawler):super(RandomUserAgentMiddlware,self).__init__()self.ua = UserAgent()self.ua_type = crawler.settings.get('RANDOM_UA_TYPE','random')#从setting文件中读取RANDOM_UA_TYPE值@classmethoddef from_crawler(cls,crawler):return cls(crawler)def process_request(self,request,spider):  ###系统电泳函数def get_ua():return getattr(self.ua,self.ua_type)# user_agent_random=get_ua()request.headers.setdefault('User_Agent',get_ua())pass

3.在setting.py中添加

RANDOM_UA_TYPE = 'random'##random    chromeDOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {'projectName.MidWare.user_agent_middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddlware': 543, 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware':None,}

fake_userAgent伪装代理就配置好了，与第一种方法相比不用写一大串的浏览器头，那些浏览器头会在https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.7 中得到。

---

在第一次启用fake_userAgent的时候会有一些错，我认为是项目请求网络时需要缓存一些内容而导致的。

github地址：https://github.com/sea1234/fake-useragent