Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:
Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:复制代码依赖APP:django.contrib.authdjango.contrib.contenttypesdjango.contrib.messagesdjango.contrib.sessions模板的context_processors:django.contrib.auth.context_processors.authdjango.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages中间件:django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware 复制代码 一. 配置路由urlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),] 当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:/admin/ /admin/login/ /admin/logout/ /admin/password_change/ /admin/password_change/done//admin/app名称/model名称/ /admin/app名称/model名称/add/ /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/ /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/ /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/二. 定制Admin 在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:admin.site.register(models.UserInfo) 但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:方式一:class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表 方式二:@admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd',) ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')def xxxxx(self, obj):return "xxxxx" 2. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')list_display_links = ('pwd',) 3. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd')class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):title = _('decade born')parameter_name = 'xxxxxx'def lookups(self, request, model_admin):"""显示筛选选项:param request::param model_admin::return:"""return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title')def queryset(self, request, queryset):"""点击查询时,进行筛选:param request::param queryset::return:"""v = self.value()return queryset.filter(ug=v)list_filter = ('user',Ugg,) 4. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related5. 分页相关# 分页,每页显示条数list_per_page = 100# 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)list_max_show_all = 200# 分页插件paginator = Paginator 6. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',)list_editable = ('ug',) 7. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):search_fields = ('user', 'pwd') 8. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):date_hierarchy = 'ctime' 9. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件10. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”11. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑save_as_continue = True# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。 # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。 New in Django 1.10. 12. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮13. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInlineextra = 0model = models.UserInfoclass GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('id', 'title',)inlines = [UserInfoInline, ] 14. action,列表时,定制action中的操作@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# 定制Action行为具体方法def func(self, request, queryset):print(self, request, queryset)print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action'))func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions"actions = [func, ]# Action选项都是在页面上方显示actions_on_top = True# Action选项都是在页面下方显示actions_on_bottom = False# 是否显示选择个数actions_selection_counter = True 15. 定制HTML模板add_form_template = None change_form_template = None change_list_template = None delete_confirmation_template = None delete_selected_confirmation_template = None object_history_template = None 16. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',) 17. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):fields = ('user',) 18. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):exclude = ('user',) 19. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):readonly_fields = ('user',) 20. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):fieldsets = (('基本数据', {'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',)}),('其他', {'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty''fields': ('user', 'pwd'),}),) 21. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",) 22. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):ordering = ('-id',)或def get_ordering(self, request):return ['-id', ] 23. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on setview_on_site = False 或 def view_on_site(self, obj):return 'https://www.baidu.com' 24. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL 25. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)# show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all)search_fields = ('user',) 26. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件from django.forms import widgets from django.utils.html import format_htmlclass MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):def __init__(self, attrs=None):# Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 boxdefault_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'}if attrs:default_attrs.update(attrs)super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs)def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):if value is None:value = ''final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value)@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):formfield_overrides = {models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea},} 27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)} PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充28. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证from app01 import models from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms import fieldsclass MyForm(ModelForm):others = fields.CharField()class Meta:model = models = models.UserInfofields = "__all__"@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):form = MyForm 29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示"list_display = ('user','pwd','up')def up(self,obj):return obj.userup.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"
一. 配置路由
urlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),]
当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:
/admin/
/admin/login/
/admin/logout/
/admin/password_change/
/admin/password_change/done/
/admin/app名称/model名称/
/admin/app名称/model名称/add/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/
/admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/
二. 定制Admin
在admin.py中只需要讲Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:
方式一:class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表 方式二:@admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如
1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')def xxxxx(self, obj):return "xxxxx"
2. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd', 'xxxxx')list_display_links = ('pwd',)
3. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd')class Ugg(admin.SimpleListFilter):title = _('decade born')parameter_name = 'xxxxxx'def lookups(self, request, model_admin):"""显示筛选选项:param request::param model_admin::return:"""return models.UserGroup.objects.values_list('id', 'title')def queryset(self, request, queryset):"""点击查询时,进行筛选:param request::param queryset::return:"""v = self.value()return queryset.filter(ug=v)list_filter = ('user',Ugg,)
4. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related
5. 分页相关
# 分页,每页显示条数list_per_page = 100# 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)list_max_show_all = 200# 分页插件paginator = Paginator
6. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('user', 'pwd','ug',)list_editable = ('ug',)
7. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):search_fields = ('user', 'pwd')
8. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):date_hierarchy = 'ctime'
9. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件
10. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”
11. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑
save_as_continue = True# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。 # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。 New in Django 1.10.
12. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮
13. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInlineextra = 0model = models.UserInfoclass GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('id', 'title',)inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]
14. action,列表时,定制action中的操作
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# 定制Action行为具体方法def func(self, request, queryset):print(self, request, queryset)print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action'))func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions"actions = [func, ]# Action选项都是在页面上方显示actions_on_top = True# Action选项都是在页面下方显示actions_on_bottom = False# 是否显示选择个数actions_selection_counter = True
15. 定制HTML模板
add_form_template = None change_form_template = None change_list_template = None delete_confirmation_template = None delete_selected_confirmation_template = None object_history_template = None
16. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)
17. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):fields = ('user',)
18. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):exclude = ('user',)
19. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):readonly_fields = ('user',)
20. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):fieldsets = (('基本数据', {'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',)}),('其他', {'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty''fields': ('user', 'pwd'),}),)
21. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)
22. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):ordering = ('-id',)或def get_ordering(self, request):return ['-id', ]
23. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set
view_on_site = False 或 def view_on_site(self, obj):return 'https://www.baidu.com'
24. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)
radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL
25. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)# show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all)search_fields = ('user',)
26. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件
from django.forms import widgets from django.utils.html import format_htmlclass MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):def __init__(self, attrs=None):# Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 boxdefault_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'}if attrs:default_attrs.update(attrs)super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs)def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):if value is None:value = ''final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value)@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):formfield_overrides = {models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea},}
27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}
PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充
28. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
from app01 import models from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms import fieldsclass MyForm(ModelForm):others = fields.CharField()class Meta:model = models = models.UserInfofields = "__all__"@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):form = MyForm
29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示"list_display = ('user','pwd','up')def up(self,obj):return obj.userup.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"