django入门项目图书管理

该项目利用了django实现了对图书的增删改查操作

步骤

1.在setting下配置好静态文件路径

STATICFILES_DIRS=[os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
]

2.models.py

from django.db import models# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2, null=True)  # 999999.99pub_date = models.DateTimeField()publish = models.ForeignKey(to="Publish", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author")def __str__(self):return self.titleclass Publish(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)email = models.CharField(max_length=32)addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)class Author(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)age = models.IntegerField()# ad=models.ForeignKey(to="AuthorDetail",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,unique=True)ad = models.OneToOneField(to="AuthorDetail", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE, )def __str__(self):return self.nameclass AuthorDetail(models.Model):gf = models.CharField(max_length=32)tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)class User(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)last_time = models.DateTimeField()

3.终端面板执行数据库生成与迁移命令

python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate

4.urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('books/', views.books, name='books'),path('add_book/', views.add_book, name='add_book'),# re_path('edit_book/(?P<id>\d+)/(?P<id2>\w+)', views.edit_book, name='edit_book'),re_path('edit_book/(\d+)/', views.edit_book, name='edit_book'),re_path('del_book/', views.del_book, name='del_book'),re_path('login/', views.login, name='login'),re_path('logout/', views.logout, name='logout'),
]

5.views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect, reverse
from app01 import models
import json
import datetime# 装饰器，这个装饰器前提需要在inner中引入一个request形参，这里使用了args[0]来获取requset
# 对于这里，其实使用auth模块下的login_required来装饰更加方便
def required_login(func):def inner(*args, **kwargs):request= args[0]# if request.COOKIES.get('is_login'):if request.session.get('is_login'):return func(*args, **kwargs)else:if request.is_ajax():return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'status':0,'url':reverse('login')}))return redirect(reverse('login'))return inner@required_login
def books(request):books = models.Book.objects.all()return render(request, 'books.html', {'books': books})@required_login
def add_book(request):if request.method == 'POST':title = request.POST.get('name')price = request.POST.get('price')date = request.POST.get('date')publish = request.POST.get('publish')# 多个作者，使用getlistauthors = request.POST.getlist('authors')new_book = models.Book.objects.create(title=title, price=price, pub_date=date, publish_id=publish)new_book.authors.set(authors)return redirect(reverse('books'))# get请求，在前端添加默认信息publishers = models.Publish.objects.all()authors = models.Author.objects.all()return render(request, 'add_book.html',locals())# return render(request, 'add_book.html', {'publishers': publishers, 'authors': authors})@required_login
def edit_book(request, edit_id):book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=edit_id)if request.method == 'POST':title = request.POST.get('name')price = request.POST.get('price')date = request.POST.get('date')publish = request.POST.get('publish')authors = request.POST.getlist('authors')book_obj.title = titlebook_obj.price = pricebook_obj.pub_date = datebook_obj.publish_id = publishbook_obj.save()book_obj.authors.set(authors)# 反向解析，重定向return redirect(reverse('books'))publishers = models.Publish.objects.all()authors = models.Author.objects.all()return render(request,'edit_book.html',locals())# return render(request, 'edit_book.html', {'book_obj': book_obj, 'publishers': publishers, 'authors': authors})@required_login
def del_book(request):del_id = request.POST.get('del_id')del_list = models.Book.objects.filter(id=del_id)print(del_list)# del_list.delete()return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'status': 1}))def login(request):if request.method == 'POST':name = request.POST.get('user')pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')user_list = models.User.objects.filter(name=name, pwd=pwd)if user_list:user_obj = user_list.first()ret = redirect(reverse('books'))# ret.set_cookie('is_login', True)# ret.set_cookie('user', name)# ret.set_cookie('last_time', user_obj.last_time)request.session['is_login'] =Truerequest.session['user'] =namerequest.session['last_time'] =str(user_obj.last_time)user_obj.last_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')print(user_obj.last_time)user_obj.save()return retreturn render(request, 'login.html')def logout(request):ret = redirect(reverse('login'))# ret.delete_cookie('is_login')# ret.delete_cookie('user')# ret.delete_cookie('last_time')request.session.flush()return ret

6.模板配置（注意static中文件的导入方式）

静态文件下载路径

login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/login.css">
</head>
<body><div class="container"><form class="form-signin" action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post">{% csrf_token %}<h2 class="form-signin-heading">请登陆</h2><label for="user" class="sr-only">Email address</label><input type="text" id="user" class="form-control" placeholder="用户名" required="" autofocus="" name="user"><label for="inputPassword" class="sr-only">密码</label><input type="password" id="inputPassword" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" required="" name="pwd"><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> 记住我</label></div><button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">登陆</button></form></div> <!-- /container --></body>
</html>

books.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/books.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/sweetalert/sweetalert.css">
</head>
<body><nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top"><div class="container-fluid"><div class="navbar-header"><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar"aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a></div><div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse"><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
{#                <li><a href="#">{{ request.COOKIES.user }}</a></li>#}
{#                <li><a href="#">{{ request.COOKIES.last_time }}</a></li>#}<li><a href="#">{{ request.session.user }}</a></li><li><a href="#">{{ request.session.last_time }}</a></li><li><a href="{% url 'logout' %}">注销</a></li></ul><form class="navbar-form navbar-right"><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search..."></form></div></div>
</nav><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar"><ul class="nav nav-sidebar"><li class="active"><a href="#">Overview <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li><li><a href="#">Reports</a></li><li><a href="#">Analytics</a></li><li><a href="#">Export</a></li></ul><ul class="nav nav-sidebar"><li><a href="">Nav item</a></li><li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li><li><a href="">One more nav</a></li><li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li><li><a href="">More navigation</a></li></ul><ul class="nav nav-sidebar"><li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li><li><a href="">One more nav</a></li><li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main"><a href="{% url 'add_book' %}" class="btn btn-primary">添加</a><table class="table table-hover"><thead><tr><th>序号</th><th>书名</th><th>价格</th><th>出版日期</th><th>出版社</th><th>作者</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for book in books %}<tr><th scope="row">{{ forloop.counter }}</th><td>{{ book.title }}</td><td>{{ book.price }}</td><td>{{ book.pub_date |date:'Y-m-d' }}</td><td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td><td>{#对多个作者进行效果处理#}{% for author in book.authors.all %}{% if forloop.last %}{{ author.name }}{% else %}{{ author.name }} |{% endif %}{% endfor %}</td><td><a href="{% url 'edit_book' book.id %}" class="btn btn-sm btn-warning">编辑</a><a edit_id="{{ book.id }}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger">删除</a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div></div>
</div><script src="/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/plugins/sweetalert/sweetalert-dev.js"></script>
{% csrf_token %}
<script>$(".btn-danger").click(function () {_this = $(this)swal({title: "确定删除吗？",text: "你将无法恢复该虚拟文件！",type: "warning",showCancelButton: true,confirmButtonColor: "#DD6B55",confirmButtonText: "确定删除！",cancelButtonText: "取消删除！",closeOnConfirm: false,closeOnCancel: false},function (isConfirm) {if (isConfirm) {swal("删除！", "你的虚拟文件已经被删除。","success");$.ajax({url:{% url 'del_book' %},type: 'post',data: {del_id: _this.attr('edit_id'),csrfmiddlewaretoken: $("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()},success: function (data) {var data = JSON.parse(data)if (data.status) {_this.parent().parent().remove()}else {window.location=data.url}}})} else {swal("取消！", "你的虚拟文件是安全的:)","error");}});})</script></body>
</html>　　

add_book.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>添加书籍</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container"><form class="form-horizontal" action="{% url 'add_book' %}" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label for="name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">书名</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="name" name="name"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="price" class="col-sm-2 control-label">价格</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="number" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="price" name="price"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="date" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版日期</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="date" class="form-control" id="date" name="date"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="publish" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版社</label><div class="col-sm-10"><select name="publish" id="publish" class="form-control">{% for publisher in publishers %}<option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="authors" class="col-sm-2 control-label">作者</label><div class="col-sm-10"><select name="authors" id="authors" class="form-control" multiple>{% for author in authors %}<option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div></div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button></div></div></form></div></body>
</html>

edit_book.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>添加书籍</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container"><form class="form-horizontal" action="{% url 'edit_book' book_obj.id %}" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label for="name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">书名</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="name" name="name"value="{{ book_obj.title }}"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="price" class="col-sm-2 control-label">价格</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="number" class="form-control" id="price" placeholder="price" name="price"value="{{ book_obj.price }}"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="date" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版日期</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="date" class="form-control" id="date" name="date"value="{{ book_obj.pub_date |date:'Y-m-d' }}"></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="publish" class="col-sm-2 control-label">出版社</label><div class="col-sm-10"><select name="publish" id="publish" class="form-control">{% for publisher in publishers %}{% if book_obj.publish == publisher %}<option value="{{ publisher.id }}" selected>{{ publisher.name }}</option>{% else %}<option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>{% endif %}{% endfor %}</select></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="authors" class="col-sm-2 control-label">作者</label><div class="col-sm-10"><select name="authors" id="authors" class="form-control" multiple>{% for author in authors %}{% if author in book_obj.authors.all %}<option value="{{ author.id }}" selected>{{ author.name }}</option>{% else %}<option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option>{% endif %}{% endfor %}</select></div></div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button></div></div></form></div></body>
</html>

2.基于forms组件实现的增删改查

　　　软文链接