学习笔记——C语言实现单链表的基本操作：创建、输出、插入结点、删除结点、逆序链表

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链表是最简单的一种数据结构，是每个软件开发者必须掌握的，也是企业招聘时最常考的内容，因此，在这里总结一下单链表的一些基本操作。

注：这里是单向无环链表，头结点中存放了数据，换句话说就是头结点和其他结点没什么区别，你也可以说成不带头结点的链表。下面就是链表操作的源代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct Node
{
int data;
struct Node *next;
}Lnode;

void printList(Lnode *head);
Lnode *createList();
Lnode *insertList(Lnode *head,int elem,int position);
Lnode *deleteElem(Lnode *head,int elem);
Lnode *reverseList(Lnode *head);

int main()
{
Lnode *head;
int elem,position;

head = createList();
printList(head);

    printf("Input the element and the position:/n");
    scanf("%d %d", &elem, &position);
    head = insertList(head,elem,position);
    printList(head);

    head = reverseList(head);
    printf("After reversed:/n");
    printList(head);

    printf("Input the element you want to delete:/n");
    scanf("%d",&elem);
    head = deleteElem(head, elem);
    printList(head);

    return 0;
}

/*传入表头指针，打印链表*/
void printList(Lnode *head)
{
Lnode *p = head;

    if (p == NULL)
    {
        printf("List is empty!/n");
        return;
    }
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        printf("%d ", p->data);
        p = p->next;
    }
    printf("/n");
}

/*创建一个新链表，返回表头指针*/
Lnode *createList()
{
Lnode *head, *current, *p;
int data;

head = (Lnode *)malloc(sizeof(Lnode));
p = head;

    printf("Input integers,0 to break:/n");
    scanf("%d",&data);

    if (data != -1)
    {
        p->data = data;
    }
    else
    {
        head->next = NULL;   //只有头结点的情况
        return head;
    }

    while (1)
    {
        scanf("%d", &data);
        if (data == -1)
        {
            break;
        }

        current = (Lnode *)malloc(sizeof(Lnode));
        current->data = data;
        p->next = current;
        p = p->next;
    }
    p->next = NULL;

return head;
}

/*链表的插入操作，head为链表表头，elem为要插入的元素，position为插入的位置
*将elem插入至第position个结点后，position<=0时，插入至头结点后
*/
Lnode *insertList(Lnode *head,int elem,int position)
{
    Lnode *current, *p;
    int i = position - 1;
    current = head;

    /*找到第position个节点*/
    while (i > 0 && current->next != NULL)
    {
        current = current->next;
        i--;
    }

    if (i > 0)   //结点数小于输入的位置position
    {
        printf("Position is wrong!/n");
        return head;
    }

    p = (Lnode *)malloc(sizeof(Lnode));
    p->data = elem;
    p->next = current->next;
    current->next = p;

    return head;
}

/*删除链表head中所有的元素elem，返回头结点head*/
Lnode *deleteElem(Lnode *head,int elem)
{
    Lnode *p = head;
    Lnode *ptemp;
    int flag = 0; //记录便表中elem的个数

    while (1)
    {
        if (head->data == elem) //删除头结点的情况
        {
            flag++;
            head = head->next;
            free(p);
            p = head;
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    while (p->next != NULL)
    {
        if (p->next->data == elem )
        {
            flag++;
            ptemp = p->next;
            if (p->next->next != NULL)
            {
                p->next = p->next->next;
                free(ptemp);
                ptemp = NULL;
            }
            else //最后一个结点
            {
               free(ptemp);
               ptemp =NULL;
               p->next = NULL;
               break;
            }
        }
        else //没有删除结点时，查询下一个结点
        {
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
    printf("%d number '%d' was found and deleted./n", flag, elem);
    return head;
}