RabbitMQ 从入门到精通 （一）

目录

• 1. 初识RabbitMQ
• 2. AMQP
• 3.RabbitMQ的极速入门
• 4. Exchange(交换机)详解
  • 4.1 Direct Exchange
  • 4.2 Topic Exchange
  • 4.3 Fanout Exchange
• 5. Message 消息

1. 初识RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ 是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器，用来通过普通协议在完全不同的应用之间共享数据，RabbitMQ是使用 Erlang语言来编写的，并且RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的

RabbitMQ的优点:

• 开源、性能优秀、稳定性保障
• 提供可靠性消息投递模式(confirm)、返回模式(return)
• 与SpringAMQP完美的整合、API丰富
• 集群模式丰富，表达式配置，HA模式，镜像队列模型
• 保证数据不丢失的前提下做到高可靠性、可用性

RabbitMQ官网

RabbitMQ的整体架构:

 
RabbitMQ的消息流转:

 

 

2. AMQP

AMQP全称: Advanced Message Queuing Protocol

AMQP翻译: 高级消息队列协议

AMQP定义: 是具有现代特征的二进制协议。是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议，是应用层协议的一个开放标准，为面向消息的中间件设计

 
 

AMQP核心概念：

• Server:又称Broker，接受客户端的连接，实现AMQP实体服务
• Connection:连接，应用程序与Broker的网络连接
• Channel:网络信道，几乎所有的操作都在Channel中进行，Channel是进行消息读写的通道。客户端可建立多个Channel，每个Channel代表一个会话任务
• Message:消息，服务器和应用程序之间传送的数据，由Properties和Body组成。Properties可以对消息进行修饰，比如消息的优先级、延迟等高级特性；Body则是消息体的内容
• Virtual host:虚拟地址，用于进行逻辑隔离，最上层的消息路由。同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue
• Exchange:交换机，接收消息，根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列
• Binding:Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接,binding中可以包含routing key
• Routing key:一个路由规则，虚拟机可用它确定如何路由一个特定消息
• Queue:也称为Message Queue，消息队列，保存消息并将它们转发给消费者

 

 

3.RabbitMQ的极速入门

后台启动: ./rabbitmq start &

关闭: ./rabbitmqctl stop

节点状态: ./rabbitmqctl status

管控台: http://ip:15672

 

 

RabbitMQ生产消费快速入门:

环境： springboot+jdk1.7+rabbitmq3.6.5 (Maven依赖配置)

 <parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId><artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId><version>3.6.5</version></dependency></dependencies>

 

public class Procuder {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);//2.通过连接工厂创建连接Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//3.通过Connection 创建一个 ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();/*** basicPublish(String exchange, String routingKey, BasicProperties props, byte[] body)* exchange:指定交换机 不指定 则默认 （AMQP default交换机） 通过routingkey进行匹配 * props 消息属性* body 消息体*///4.通过Channel发送数据for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){System.out.println("生产消息:" + i);String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ" + i;channel.basicPublish("", "test", null, msg.getBytes());}//5.记得关闭相关的连接channel.close();connection.close();}
}

 

public class Consumer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{//1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);//2.通过连接工厂创建连接Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//3.通过Connection 创建一个 ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4. 声明创建一个队列String queueName = "test";/*** durable 是否持久化* exclusive 独占的  相当于加了一把锁*/channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,false,null);//5.创建消费者QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);//6.设置channel/*** ACK: 当一条消息从生产端发到消费端，消费端接收到消息后会马上回送一个ACK信息给broker,告诉它这条消息收到了* autoack: * true  自动签收 当消费者一收到消息就表示消费者收到了消息，消费者收到了消息就会立即从队列中删除。* false 手动签收 当消费者收到消息在合适的时候来显示的进行确认，说我已经接收到了该消息了，RabbitMQ可以从队列中删除该消息了* */channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);//7.获取消息while(true){Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());System.err.println("消费端:" + msg);//Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();}}
}

 

4. Exchange(交换机)详解

Exchange: 接收消息，并根据路由键转发消息所绑定的队列

 

交换机属性:

• Name: 交换机名称
• Type: 交换机类型 diect、topic、fanout、headers
• Durability: 是否需要持久化，true为持久化
• AutoDelete: 当最后一个绑定到Exchange的队列删除后，自动删除该Exchange
• Internal: 当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认为false (百分之99的情况默认为false 除非对Erlang语言较了解，做一些扩展)
• Arguments: 扩展参数, 用于扩展AMQP协议可自定化使用

 

4.1 Direct Exchange

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息被转发到RouteKey指定的Queue

注意：Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange: default Exchange，所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作，消息传递时，RoutingKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃

 

public class ProducerDirectExchange {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.创建ConnectionFactoryConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");//2.创建ConnectionConnection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//3.创建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4.声明String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";String routingKey = "test.direct";//5.发送String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());}
}

 

public class ConsumerDirectExchange {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";String exchangeType = "direct";String queueName = "test_direct_queue";String routingKey = "test.direct";//表示声明了一个交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);//表示声明了一个队列channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);//建立一个绑定关系channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);//durable 是否持久化消息QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);//参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumerchannel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);//循环获取消息while(true){//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);}}
}

 

4.2 Topic Exchange

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关心RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上

Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定一个Topic

注意：可以使用通配符进行匹配

符号 # 匹配一个或多个词

符号 * 匹配不多不少一个词

例如: "log.#" 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”

​ "log.*" 只会匹配到 "log.err"

public class ProducerTopicExchange {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.创建ConnectionFactoryConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);//2.创建ConnectionConnection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//3.创建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4.声明String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";String routingKey1 = "user.save";String routingKey2 = "user.update";String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";//5.发送String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());}
}

 

public class ConsumerTopicExchange {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";String exchangeType = "topic";String queueName = "test_topic_queue";String routingKey = "user.#";//表示声明了一个交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);//表示声明了一个队列channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);//建立一个绑定关系channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);//durable 是否持久化消息QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);//参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumerchannel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);//循环获取消息while(true){//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);}}
}

 

4.3 Fanout Exchange

不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上
所以Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的

 

public class ProducerFanoutExchange {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.创建ConnectionFactoryConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);//2.创建ConnectionConnection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//3.创建ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4.声明String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";//5.发送for(int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++){String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null, msg.getBytes());}channel.close();connection.close();}
}

 

public class ConsumerFanoutExchange {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel();//声明String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";String exchangeType = "fanout";String queueName = "test_topic_queue";//无需指定路由key String routingKey = "";//表示声明了一个交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);//表示声明了一个队列channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);//建立一个绑定关系channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);//durable 是否持久化消息QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);//参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumerchannel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);//循环获取消息while(true){//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);}}
}

 

5. Message 消息

服务器与应用程序之间传递的数据，本质上就是一段数据，由Properties和Body组成

常用属性：delivery mode、headers (自定义属性)

其他属性：content_type、content_encoding、priority、expiration

消息的properties属性用法示例:

public class Procuder {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);//2.通过连接工厂创建连接Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//3.通过Connection 创建一个 ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();Map<String,Object> headers = new HashMap<>();headers.put("my1", "111");headers.put("my2", "222");//10秒不消费 消息过期移除消息队列AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().deliveryMode(2).contentEncoding("utf-8").expiration("10000").headers(headers).build();//4.通过Channel发送数据for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){System.out.println("生产消息:" + i);String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ" + i;channel.basicPublish("", "test", properties, msg.getBytes());}//5.记得关闭相关的连接channel.close();connection.close();}
}

 

public class Consumer {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{//1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");connectionFactory.setPort(5672);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);//2.通过连接工厂创建连接Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();//3.通过Connection 创建一个 ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();//4. 声明创建一个队列String queueName = "test";channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,false,null);//5.创建消费者QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);//6.设置channelchannel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);//7.获取消息while(true){Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());System.err.println("消费端:" + msg);Map<String, Object> headers = delivery.getProperties().getHeaders();System.err.println("headers value:" + headers.get("my1"));}}
}