1.理论知识
2.常用函数适配器
标准库提供一组函数适配器,用来特殊化或者扩展一元和二元函数对象。常用适配器是:
1绑定器(binder):
binder通过把二元函数对象的一个实参绑定到一个特殊的值上,将其转换成一元函数对象。C++标准库提供两种预定义的binder适配器:bind1st和bind2nd,前者把值绑定到二元函数对象的第一个实参上,后者绑定在第二个实参上。
2取反器(negator) :
negator是一个将函数对象的值翻转的函数适配器。标准库提供两个预定义的ngeator适配器:not1翻转预定义一元函数对象的真值,而not2翻转二元谓词函数的真值。
常用函数适配器列表如下:
bind1st(op, value)
bind2nd(op, value)
not1(op)
not2(op)
mem_fun_ref(op)
mem_fun(op)
ptr_fun(op)
3.典型案例
class IsGreat
{
public:IsGreat(int i){m_num = i;}bool operator()(int &num){if (num > m_num){return true;}return false;}
protected:
private:int m_num;
};void main43()
{vector<int> v1;for (int i=0; i<5; i++){v1.push_back(i+1);}for (vector<int>::iterator it = v1.begin(); it!=v1.end(); it ++){cout << *it << " " ;}int num1 = count(v1.begin(), v1.end(), 3);cout << "num1:" << num1 << endl;//通过谓词求大于2的个数int num2 = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), IsGreat(2)); cout << "num2:" << num2 << endl;//通过预定义函数对象求大于2的个数 greater<int>() 有2个参数 // param > 2int num3 = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), bind2nd(greater<int>(), 2 ) );cout << "num3:" << num3 << endl;//取模 能被2整除的数 求奇数int num4 = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), bind2nd(modulus <int>(), 2 ) ); cout << "奇数num4:" << num4 << endl;int num5 = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), not1( bind2nd(modulus <int>(), 2 ) ) ); cout << "偶数num5:" << num5 << endl;return ;
}
4.预定义函数对象和适配器案例代码
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;#include "string"
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include "set"
#include <algorithm>
#include "functional"//plus<int> 预定义好的函数对象 能实现不同类型的数据的 + 运算
//实现了 数据类型 和算法的分离 ===》通过函数对象技术实现的。。。。//思考:怎么样知道 plus<type> 是两个参数
void main21()
{/*template<class _Ty>struct plus: public binary_function<_Ty, _Ty, _Ty>{ // functor for operator+_Ty operator()(const _Ty& _Left, const _Ty& _Right) const{ // apply operator+ to operandsreturn (_Left + _Right);}};*/plus<int> intAdd;int x = 10; int y = 20;int z = intAdd(x, y); // x + y cout << "z:" << z << endl;plus<string> stringAdd;string s1 = "aaa";string s2 = "bbb";string s3 = stringAdd(s1, s2);cout << "s3:" << s3 << endl;vector<string> v1;v1.push_back("bbb");v1.push_back("aaa");v1.push_back("ccc");v1.push_back("zzz");v1.push_back("ccc");v1.push_back("ccc");/*template<class _Ty>struct greater: public binary_function<_Ty, _Ty, bool>{ // functor for operator>bool operator()(const _Ty& _Left, const _Ty& _Right) const{ // apply operator> to operandsreturn (_Left > _Right);}};*/sort(v1.begin(), v1.end(), greater<string>() );for (vector<string>::iterator it=v1.begin(); it!=v1.end(); it++){cout << *it << endl;}//求 ccc 出现的个数string sc = "ccc";//equal_to<string>() 有两个参数 left参数来自容器,right参数来自sc//bind2nd函数适配器 :把预定义函数对象 和 第二个参数进行绑定int num = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), bind2nd(equal_to<string>(), sc) );cout << "num: " << num << endl;
}class IsGreat
{
public:IsGreat(int i){m_num = i;}bool operator()(int &num){if (num > m_num){return true;}return false;}
private:int m_num;
};void main22()
{vector<int> v1;for (int i=0; i<10; i++){v1.push_back(i+1);}for (vector<int>::iterator it=v1.begin(); it!=v1.end(); it++ ){cout << *it << " ";}cout << endl;int num1 = count(v1.begin(), v1.end(), 3);cout << "num1:" << num1 <<endl;//通过 谓词 求大于2 的个数int num2 = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), IsGreat(2));cout << "num2:" << num2 <<endl;/*template<class _Ty>struct greater: public binary_function<_Ty, _Ty, bool>{ // functor for operator>bool operator()(const _Ty& _Left, const _Ty& _Right) const{ // apply operator> to operandsreturn (_Left > _Right);}};*///通过 预定义的函数对象 求大于2 的个数//greater<int>() 有两个参数 左参数来自容器的元素 ,右参数固定成2 (通过bind2nd做的)int num3 = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), bind2nd (greater<int>(), 2) );cout << "num3:" << num3 <<endl;//求 奇数的个数int num4 = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), bind2nd (modulus<int>(), 2) );cout << "奇数的个数num4:" << num4 <<endl;//求 偶数的个数 取反器(negator) int num5 = count_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), not1( bind2nd (modulus<int>(), 2) ) );cout << "偶数的个数 num5:" << num5 <<endl;}
void main2222()
{//main21();main22(); //函数适配器综合案例cout<<"hello..."<<endl;system("pause");return ;
}