Monitor 类的TryEnter() 方法在尝试获取一个对象上的显式锁方面和 Enter() 方法类似。然而,它不像Enter()方法那样会阻塞执行。如果线程成功进入关键区域那么TryEnter()方法会返回true.
TryEnter()方法的三个重载方法中的两个以一个timeout类型值作为参数,表示按照指定时间等待锁。我们来看一个关于如何使用TryEnter()方法的例子,MonitorTryEnter.cs:
/************************************* /* Copyright (c) 2012 Daniel Dong* * Author:oDaniel Dong* Blog:o www.cnblogs.com/danielWise* Email:o guofoo@163.com* */using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading;namespace MonitorTryEnter {public class TryEnter{public TryEnter(){}public void CriticalSection(){bool b = Monitor.TryEnter(this, 1000);Console.WriteLine("Thread "+ Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode()+ " TryEnter Value " + b);if (b){for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){Thread.Sleep(1000);Console.WriteLine(i + " "+ Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode() + " ");}}if (b){Monitor.Exit(this);}}public static void Main(){TryEnter a = new TryEnter();Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(a.CriticalSection));Thread t2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(a.CriticalSection));t1.Start();t2.Start();Console.ReadLine();}} }
一个可能的输出结果如下:
当发生资源争夺而你又不像让线程睡眠一段不可预期的时间时TryEnter()方法很有用。向ISP拨号的例子很好的解释这个。假设有两个程序A和B,它们都想使用同一个调制解调器向ISP拨号。而一旦连接建立那么只会有一个网络连接,我们不知道已有的应用程序将会连接多长时间。假设程序A首先向ISP拨号,然后程序B也向ISP拨号;毫无疑问程序B将会一直等待,因为我们不知道程序A将连接多久。在这种情况下,程序B可能使用TryEnter()来确定调制解调器是否已经被另外一个应用程序锁定(本例中是程序A),而不是使用Enter()方法导致一直等待。
lock 关键字
lock 关键字可以作为Monitor类的一个替代。下面两个代码块是等效的:
Monitor.Enter(this); //... Monitor.Exit(this);lock (this) {//... }
下面的例子, Locking.cs, 使用lock 关键字而不是Monitor方法:
/************************************* /* copyright (c) 2012 daniel dong* * author:daniel dong* blog: www.cnblogs.com/danielwise* email: guofoo@163.com* */using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Threading;namespace Lock {class LockWord{private int result = 0;public void CriticalSection(){lock (this){//Enter the Critical SectionConsole.WriteLine("Entered Thread "+ Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode());for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++){Console.WriteLine("Result = " + result+++ " ThreadID "+ Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode());Thread.Sleep(1000);}Console.WriteLine("Exiting Thread "+ Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode());}}public static void Main(string[] args){LockWord e = new LockWord();Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(e.CriticalSection));t1.Start();Thread t2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(e.CriticalSection));t2.Start();//Wait till the user enters somethingConsole.ReadLine();}} }
Locking.cs 的输出与MonitorEnterExit(需要提供一个参数)一样:
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