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正确答案：D
一、模拟上题的错误：
１、删除4号文件
[oracle@mydb ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocm/
[oracle@mydb ocm]$ rm -rf users01.dbf
２、数据库宕机
sys@OCM> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
３、启动数据库报错，与上题报错一样
sys@OCM> startup
ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes
Fixed Size 2233000 bytes
Variable Size 583011672 bytes
Database Buffers 247463936 bytes
Redo Buffers 6574080 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocm/users01.dbf'
４、如果试图在没有执行advise failure命令时使用repair failure命令，将出现如下错误：
[oracle@mydb ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> repair failure;using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of repair command at 09/01/2013 23:15:16
RMAN-06954: REPAIR command must be preceded by ADVISE command in same session
主要原因是：在运行repairfailure之前，要先运行advise failure，让rman列出错误，并且生成修复脚本，之后运行repair failure修复错误。
一、正确的恢复的过程如下：
１、 启动RMAN客户机，并使用前一节介绍的数据库修复命令来解决丢失数据问题，我们从list failure命令开始：
RMAN> list failure;List of Database Failures
=========================Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
2002 HIGH OPEN 01-SEP-13 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
２、advisefailure命令对记录在自动诊断信息库中的所有故障给出建议。默认时，此命令只列出具有critical或high优先级的那些故障。除了产生所有输入故障的摘要外，此命令还对每个故障提供一个建议修复选项。通常，advise failure命令同时给出自动和手动修复选项。在advisefailure命令输出结束时，RMAN生成一个脚本，列出建议的修复选项的细节。如果你想自己进行修复，可以直接使用这个脚本，或者对它进行修改。
RMAN> advise failure;List of Database Failures
=========================Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
2002 HIGH OPEN 01-SEP-13 One or more non-system datafiles are missinganalyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
analyzing automatic repair options completeMandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions availableOptional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocm/users01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore itAutomated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1 Restore and recover datafile 4 Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data lossRepair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ocm/ocm/hm/reco_3275375759.hm
３、利用advise failure命令提供的建议，epair failure根据建议修复错误。
RMAN> repair failure;Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ocm/ocm/hm/reco_3275375759.hmcontents of repair script:# restore and recover datafilerestore datafile 4;recover datafile 4;sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? Y
executing repair scriptStarting restore at 01-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocm/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/0uoiptgq_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/0uoiptgq_1_1 tag=TAG20130901T230250
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 01-SEP-13Starting recover at 01-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished recover at 01-SEP-13sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online
repair failure completeDo you want to open the database (enter YES or NO)? Y
database opened
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