1.UiAutomator和UiAtumator2的区别：
1.1 UiAutomator1有关于id定位的策略
UiAutomator1 id定位在resourceid匹配失败时，会匹配contentDesc。
安卓会根据id进行3种情况的判断：
- 1.resourceId 如user_profile_icon
- 2.accessibility id
- 3.Strings.xml 研发所写的resource id，包含包名，如com.xueqiu.android:id/user_profile_icon。如果传入的text是resource Id将只使用resource id选择器
更多信息在appium/appium-android-bootstrap分支，详见https://github.com/appium-boneyard/appium-android-bootstrap/blob/master/bootstrap/src/io/appium/android/bootstrap/handler/Find.java。1.2 UiAutomator2定位策略
UiAutomator2中id定位只匹配resourceId
if (by instanceof ById) {String locator = rewriteIdLocator((ById) by);return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(android.support.test.uiautomator.By.res(locator));} else if (by instanceof By.ByAccessibilityId) {return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(android.support.test.uiautomator.By.desc(by.getElementLocator()));} else if (by instanceof ByClass) {return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(android.support.test.uiautomator.By.clazz(by.getElementLocator()));} else if (by instanceof By.ByXPath) {final NodeInfoList matchedNodes = getXPathNodeMatch(by.getElementLocator(), null);if (matchedNodes.size() == 0) {throw new ElementNotFoundException();}return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(matchedNodes);} else if (by instanceof By.ByAndroidUiAutomator) {UiSelector selector = toSelector(by.getElementLocator());if (selector == null) {throw new UiSelectorSyntaxException(by.getElementLocator(), "");}return CustomUiDevice.getInstance().findObject(selector);
}详见：https://github.com/appium/appium-uiautomator2-server/blob/master/app/src/main/java/io/appium/uiautomator2/handler/FindElement.java
2. 查找控件方法的简单封装
在UiAutomator1中，id定位会去匹配contentDesc，此处只考虑xpath, id, contentDesc。
传入String，辅以正则表达式，如果匹配Xpath，就用xpath定位；如果匹配id，就用id定位
public WebElement locate(String locate){if (locate.matches("\\/\\/.*")){return driver.findElementByXPath(locate);}else{return driver.findElementById(locate);}}3. id和xpath定位的区别
使用id，contentDesc,class定位都是使用uiatumator自带的方法，使用xpath定位需要先获取节点信息，再对节点信息做检索
同一个元素：id: "com.xueqiu.android:id/tv_login" xpath: //*[@resource-id,"com.xueqiu.android:id/tv_login" ]
# 使用该命令可以查看执行时间，v代表详细信息，此处只查看结果和执行时间，将--v去除
time curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub/session/${SessionId}/elements --data-binary '{"using":"id","value":"com.xueqiu.android:id/tv_login"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8" --v
4.总结
1.UiAutomator使用id在匹配resourceId失败时，会使用ACCESSIBILITY_ID定位
UiAtumator2使用id定位被限制，只能使用resourceId定位
2.使用xpath和id定位，耗时差别可接受
封装寻找控件方法的测试代码
test.java
import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;public class XueqiuDemo {private AndroidDriver driver;@Beforepublic void setUp() throws MalformedURLException {DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "android");desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "domo");desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "com.xueqiu.android");desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appActivity", ".view.WelcomeActivityAlias");URL remoteUrl = new URL("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub");driver = new AndroidDriver(remoteUrl, desiredCapabilities);driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20,TimeUnit.SECONDS);}@Testpublic void sampleTest() throws InterruptedException {locate("com.xueqiu.android:id/user_profile_icon").click();Thread.sleep(2000);locate("com.xueqiu.android:id/tv_login").click();Thread.sleep(2000);locate("com.xueqiu.android:id/tv_login_by_phone_or_others").click();Thread.sleep(2000);locate("com.xueqiu.android:id/register_phone_number").sendKeys("123456789");}public WebElement locate(String locate){if (locate.matches("\\/\\/.*")){return driver.findElementByXPath(locate);}else{return driver.findElementById(locate);}}@Afterpublic void tearDown() {driver.quit();}
}
