目录
- 基础知识
- 查询IP地址
- 端口
- 通信协议
- TCP实现聊天
- TCP实现文件上传
- UDP
- UDP实现聊天
- UDP多线程在线咨询
- URL下载网络资源
基础知识
请自行翻阅《计算机网络》
查询IP地址
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;public class TestInetAddress {public static void main(String[] args) {try {//查询本机地址InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");System.out.println(inetAddress1);InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");System.out.println(inetAddress3);InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();System.out.println(inetAddress4);// 查询网站地址InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");System.out.println(inetAddress2);//常用方法System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ipSystem.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己的电脑的名字} catch (UnknownHostException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}
输出:
/127.0.0.1
localhost/127.0.0.1
LAPTOP-HPLQ0BU1/192.168.137.1
www.baidu.com/183.232.231.172
183.232.231.172
www.baidu.com
端口
端口:表示计算机的一个程序的进程,任务管理器里面有个PID(PortID)。不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件。
TCP端口和UDP端口各有65535个,所以一台计算机的端口号总数是65535*2。假如你TCP用了80,UDP也可以用80,因为这两协议不冲突。
端口分类:
- 公有端口:0~1023
HTTP:80
HTTPS:443
FTP:21
Telent:23 - 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
Tomcat:8080
MySQL:3306
Oracle:1521 - 动态、私有端口:49152~65535
IDEA网页的默认端口是63342
DOS命令:
netstat -ano Dos命令 #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano fiandstr “5590” #查看指定的端口
tasklist|finderstr “8696” #查看指定端口的进程
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;public class TestInetSocketAddress {public static void main(String[] args) {InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);System.out.println(socketAddress);System.out.println(socketAddress2);System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址、在这里面改C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hostsSystem.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口}
}
结果:
/127.0.0.1:8080
localhost/127.0.0.1:8080
/127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1
8080
通信协议
(详见《计算机网络》)
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要的两个:
- TCP:用户传输协议,就像打电话,需要建立连接,通了才能聊天。
- UDP:用户数据报协议,好比发短信,发出去就不管了。
有两个出名的协议:所以才叫TCP/IP协议簇
- TCP:用户传输协议
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP实现聊天
客户端:
- 通过Socket连接服务器
- 发送消息
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {public static void main(String[] args) {Socket socket = null;OutputStream os = null;try {//1.要知道服务器的地址InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");int port = 9999;//2.创立一个socket连接socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);//3.发送消息 IO流os = socket.getOutputStream();os.write("你好,世界".getBytes());} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//关闭资源,先关IOif (os != null) {try {os.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (socket != null) {try {socket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}
}
服务端:
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
//服务端
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;public class TcpServerDemo01 {public static void main(String[] args) {// 一开始就定义这些是为了提升作用域,不定义的话被包裹在try块里无法在finally里调用closeServerSocket serverSocket = null;Socket socket = null;InputStream is = null;ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;try {//1.我得有一个地址serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);while (true) {//2.等待客户端连接过来socket = serverSocket.accept();//3.读取客户端的消息is = socket.getInputStream();//管道流baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int len;while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {baos.write(buffer, 0, len);}System.out.println(baos.toString());}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//关闭资源if (baos != null) {try {baos.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (is != null) {try {is.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (socket != null) {try {socket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (serverSocket != null) {try {serverSocket.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}
}
由于服务端使用while(true)不停地监听,所以启动一次客户端,服务器端就会收到,客户端不断启动或者重复不断发送,服务端也会不停地收到。
TCP实现文件上传
客户端:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;public class TcpClientDemo02 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.创建一个Socket连接Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);//2.创建一个输出流OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//3.读取文件FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("G:\\360MoveData\\Users\\cheng\\Desktop\\杂项\\daxiong1.png"));//4.写出文件byte[] buf = new byte[1024];int len;while ((len = fis.read(buf)) != -1) {os.write(buf, 0, len);}//通知服务器,我已经结束了socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了(socket通知)//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();//String byte[]ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();byte[] buf2 = new byte[1024];int len2;while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buf2)) != -1) {baos.write(buf2, 0, len2);}System.out.println(baos.toString());//5.关闭资源,先开后关baos.close();inputStream.close();fis.close();os.close();socket.close();}
}
服务端:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;public class TcpServerDemo02 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.创建服务ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);//2.监听客户端的连接Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直监听(等待客户端连接)//3.获取输入流InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();//4.文件输出FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int len;while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {fos.write(buffer, 0, len);}//通知客户端我接收完毕了OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());//关闭资源fos.close();is.close();socket.close();serverSocket.close();}
}
UDP
发送端:
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;public class UdpSenderDemo01 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.建立一个SocketDatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();//2.建个包String msg = "你好啊,接收端";//发送给谁InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");int port = 9090;DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);//3.发送包socket.send(packet);//4.关闭流socket.close();}
}
接收端:
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//还是要等待发送端的链接!//开放端口DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);//接收数据包byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));//关闭连接socket.close();}
}
UDP实现聊天
发送端:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;public class UdpSenderDemo02 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);//准备数据:控制台读取 System.inBufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));while (true) {String data = reader.readLine();byte[] datas = data.getBytes();DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));socket.send(packet);if (data.equals("bye")) {break;}}socket.close();}
}
接收端:
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;public class UdpReceiverDemo02 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);while (true) {//准备接收包裹byte[] container = new byte[1024];DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);socket.receive(packet);//断开连接byte[] data = packet.getData();//String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length,"UTF-8");String receiveData = new String(data, 0,packet.getLength(),"UTF-8");System.out.println(receiveData);if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {break;}}socket.close();}
}
UDP多线程在线咨询
(双方既可以是发送方也可以是接收方,所以要使用多线程)
发送方线程:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;public class TalkSend implements Runnable {DatagramSocket socket = null;BufferedReader reader = null;private int fromPort;private String toIP;private int toPort;public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {this.fromPort = fromPort;this.toIP = toIP;this.toPort = toPort;try {socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));} catch (SocketException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}@Overridepublic void run() {while (true) {try {String data = reader.readLine();byte[] datas = data.getBytes();DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(toIP, toPort));socket.send(packet);if (data.equals("bye")) {break;}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}socket.close();}
}
接收方线程:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {DatagramSocket socket = null;private int port;private String msgFrom;public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {this.port = port;this.msgFrom = msgFrom;try {socket = new DatagramSocket(port);} catch (SocketException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}@Overridepublic void run() {while (true) {try {//准备接收包裹byte[] container = new byte[1024];DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);socket.receive(packet);//断开连接byte[] data = packet.getData();String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {break;}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}socket.close();}
}
创建线程-学生:
public class TalkStudent {public static void main(String[] args) {//开启两个线程new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();}
}
创建线程-老师:
public class TalkTeacher {public static void main(String[] args) {//开启两个线程new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();}
}
URL下载网络资源
URL:同一资源定位符、定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
URL一般格式:
协议 : //ip地址 : 端口号 / 项目名 / 资源
URL类demo:
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;public class URLDemo01 {public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloword/index.jsp?username=123&password=123");System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ipSystem.out.println(url.getPort());//端口System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件地址System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数}
}
使用URL下载网络资源:
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;public class UrlDownload {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//1.下载地址URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/test/ok.txt");//2.连接到这个资源HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("okok.txt");byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int len;while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {fos.write(buffer, 0, len);//写出这个数据}fos.close();inputStream.close();urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接}
}