最好让上述9个字符集变量值保持一致,或者至少“兼容”,同时也要考虑到OS中locale的值。
当然:character_set_system例外,它是存储和表示元信息使用的字符集,一般都是ascii串,使用utf8和使用latin1基本一样,但是,如果使用中文,可能就另当别论了。下边说的全部变量是指除了character_set_system以外的其它变量。
这里推荐三个方案:
1. 全部使用latin1
但是在java程序中,它担着一定的风险,即在入库之前,需要将字符串从gbk转换到iso8859_1,出库以后,获取结果时,再从iso8859_1转到gbk.
否则会出现乱码。
这种方式比较适合于C代码,显示依赖于操作系统的locale.一般都不用转换。
2. 全中文支持,全部设置成gbk.
方法:
在my.ini中修改添加:(这个是必须的)
[mysqld]
default-character-set=gbk
在java程序里边使用"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GBK"这样的url,表明使用GBK进行编码。
3. utf8字符集支持.
方法:
在my.ini中修改添加:
[mysqld]
default-character-set=utf8
在java程序里边使用"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"这样的url,表明使用GBK进行编码。
注意utf8与UTF-8的分别.
utf8的好处是java虚拟机可以自动将它与gbk进行转换,因而显示都不会有乱码。可是在控制台下(cmd),显示就有问题了。
六.使用java代码显示字符集变量及测试字符集的显示
因为只是作测试用,所以没加修饰。测试时,只需要按照上述三个方法修改字符集即可。
import java.sql.*;
/** *//**
* <p>Title: </p>
*
* <p>Description: </p>
*
* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2006</p>
*
* <p>Company: </p>
*
* @author not attributable
* @version 1.0
*/
public class TestCharset ...{
String username = "root";
String passwd = "";
Connection conn = null;
String charset = null;
public TestCharset() ...{
}
public void connect() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException ...{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, passwd);
charset = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("=")+1);
}
public void getCharset() throws SQLException...{
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("=======show variables like 'chara%'========");
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("show variables like 'chara%'");
while (rset.next()) ...{
System.out.println(rset.getString(1) + " ------> " + rset.getString(2));
}
rset.close();
System.out.println("=======show variables like 'collation%'========");
rset = stmt.executeQuery("show variables like 'collation%'");
while (rset.next()) ...{
System.out.println(rset.getString(1) + " ------> " + rset.getString(2));
}
rset.close();
stmt.close();
}
public void testGetValuesISO8859_1() throws Exception ...{
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
try ...{
stmt.executeUpdate("drop table t12345");
} catch (Exception e) ...{
}
stmt.executeUpdate("create table t12345(id int primary key, name varchar(32))");
String sz = new String("中文".getBytes("gbk"), "ISO8859_1");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into t12345 values(1, '" + sz + "')");
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("select * from t12345");
rset.next();
System.out.println("测试中文值: " + new String(rset.getString(2).getBytes("ISO8859_1"), "GBK"));
rset.close();
stmt.close();
}
public void testGetValuesGBK() throws Exception ...{
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
try ...{
stmt.executeUpdate("drop table t12345");
} catch (Exception e) ...{
}
stmt.executeUpdate("create table t12345(id int primary key, name varchar(32))");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into t12345 values(1, '中文')");
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("select * from t12345");
rset.next();
System.out.println("测试中文值: " + rset.getString(2));
rset.close();
stmt.close();
}
public void testGetValuesUTF8() throws Exception ...{
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
try ...{
stmt.executeUpdate("drop table t12345");
} catch (Exception e) ...{
}
stmt.executeUpdate("create table t12345(id int primary key, name varchar(32))");
//String sz = new String("中文".getBytes("gbk"), "UTF8");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into t12345 values(1, '中文')");
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("select * from t12345");
rset.next();
System.out.println("测试中文值: " + rset.getString(2));
rset.close();
stmt.close();
}
public void disconnect() throws SQLException...{
if (conn != null) conn.close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) ...{
TestCharset t = new TestCharset();
try ...{
t.connect();
t.getCharset();
if (t.charset.equals( "ISO8859_1" ))
t.testGetValuesISO8859_1();
else if (t.charset.equals("GBK"))
t.testGetValuesGBK();
else if (t.charset.equals("UTF-8"))
t.testGetValuesUTF8();
} catch (Exception e) ...{
//System.out.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
} finally ...{
try ...{
t.disconnect();
} catch (Exception e2) ...{
}
}
}
}
/** *//**
* <p>Title: </p>
*
* <p>Description: </p>
*
* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2006</p>
*
* <p>Company: </p>
*
* @author not attributable
* @version 1.0
*/
public class TestCharset ...{
String username = "root";
String passwd = "";
Connection conn = null;
String charset = null;
public TestCharset() ...{
}
public void connect() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException ...{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, passwd);
charset = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("=")+1);
}
public void getCharset() throws SQLException...{
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("=======show variables like 'chara%'========");
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("show variables like 'chara%'");
while (rset.next()) ...{
System.out.println(rset.getString(1) + " ------> " + rset.getString(2));
}
rset.close();
System.out.println("=======show variables like 'collation%'========");
rset = stmt.executeQuery("show variables like 'collation%'");
while (rset.next()) ...{
System.out.println(rset.getString(1) + " ------> " + rset.getString(2));
}
rset.close();
stmt.close();
}
public void testGetValuesISO8859_1() throws Exception ...{
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
try ...{
stmt.executeUpdate("drop table t12345");
} catch (Exception e) ...{
}
stmt.executeUpdate("create table t12345(id int primary key, name varchar(32))");
String sz = new String("中文".getBytes("gbk"), "ISO8859_1");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into t12345 values(1, '" + sz + "')");
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("select * from t12345");
rset.next();
System.out.println("测试中文值: " + new String(rset.getString(2).getBytes("ISO8859_1"), "GBK"));
rset.close();
stmt.close();
}
public void testGetValuesGBK() throws Exception ...{
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
try ...{
stmt.executeUpdate("drop table t12345");
} catch (Exception e) ...{
}
stmt.executeUpdate("create table t12345(id int primary key, name varchar(32))");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into t12345 values(1, '中文')");
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("select * from t12345");
rset.next();
System.out.println("测试中文值: " + rset.getString(2));
rset.close();
stmt.close();
}
public void testGetValuesUTF8() throws Exception ...{
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
try ...{
stmt.executeUpdate("drop table t12345");
} catch (Exception e) ...{
}
stmt.executeUpdate("create table t12345(id int primary key, name varchar(32))");
//String sz = new String("中文".getBytes("gbk"), "UTF8");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into t12345 values(1, '中文')");
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery("select * from t12345");
rset.next();
System.out.println("测试中文值: " + rset.getString(2));
rset.close();
stmt.close();
}
public void disconnect() throws SQLException...{
if (conn != null) conn.close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) ...{
TestCharset t = new TestCharset();
try ...{
t.connect();
t.getCharset();
if (t.charset.equals( "ISO8859_1" ))
t.testGetValuesISO8859_1();
else if (t.charset.equals("GBK"))
t.testGetValuesGBK();
else if (t.charset.equals("UTF-8"))
t.testGetValuesUTF8();
} catch (Exception e) ...{
//System.out.println(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
} finally ...{
try ...{
t.disconnect();
} catch (Exception e2) ...{
}
}
}
}
有什么问题,欢迎来讨论。