From: http://segmentfault.com/q/1010000000445726
内网，想做ssh root公钥登录，配置好之后还是提示输入密码，现象：
在服务器端使用其他端口开放sshd：
$/usr/sbin/sshd -p 1234
此时客户端可以无密码登录，但是22端口的sshd还是需要密码
停止服务端22端口的sshd(service)，手动使用22端口启动：
$/usr/sbin/sshd -p 22
此时客户端可以无密码登录
太诡异了，关键问题，如果是网上说的文件夹权限或者是操作疏漏什么的，怎么手动启动sshd就可以呢？求大神指导
客户端调试信息：
ssh root@git.com -vvdebug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/identity
debug1: Offering public key: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/id_rsa
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Offering public key: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/id_dsa
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: Next authentication method: password
root@git.com's password:
补充
使用默认自启动的服务时候，客户端无法无密码登录 -vvv 参数结果如下：
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/identity
debug3: no such identity: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/identity
debug1: Offering public key: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Offering public key: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/id_dsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup password
debug3: remaining preferred: ,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password
debug1: Next authentication method: password
使用$/usr/sbin/sshd -p 22启动服务，客户端可以无密码登录 -vvv 参数结果如下：
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/identity
debug3: no such identity: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/identity
debug1: Offering public key: /c/Users/Zhou/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277
debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp ca:03:6e:80:a9:5f:7c:12:69:dc:e5:f9:3c:c8:4f:83
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey
debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.80 2008/07/02 02:24:18 djm Exp $# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options change a
# default value.#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::# Disable legacy (protocol version 1) support in the server for new
# installations. In future the default will change to require explicit
# activation of protocol 1
Protocol 2# HostKey for protocol version 1
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
#KeyRegenerationInterval 1h
#ServerKeyBits 1024# Logging
# obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging
SyslogFacility AUTH
#SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
LogLevel debug# Authentication:#LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandRunAs nobody# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
#UsePAM no
UsePAM yes# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
#X11Forwarding no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS yes
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none# no default banner path
#Banner none# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# ForceCommand cvs server
系统服务器的ssh在进程中的体现：
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep sshd
root 1233 1 0 16:54 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root 1444 1233 0 16:55 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
自己启动的ssh:/usr/sbin/sshd -d -p 1234
root 1470 1449 0 17:03 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -d -p 1234
root 1471 1233 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/1
P_Chou 1.7k2014年03月27日 回答
问题已解决：是因为.ssh目录没有ssh_home_t标签！！通过下面命令重置。参考public-key-authentication-fails-only-when-sshd-is-daemon一次由SELinux引起的ssh公钥认证失败问题
restorecon -r -vv /root/.ssh
[root@localhost ~]# restorecon -r -vv .ssh
restorecon reset /root/.ssh context unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:ssh_home_t:s0
restorecon reset /root/.ssh/id_rsa context unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:ssh_home_t:s0
restorecon reset /root/.ssh/known_hosts context unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:ssh_home_t:s0
restorecon reset /root/.ssh/authorized_keys context unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:ssh_home_t:s0
restorecon reset /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub context unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0->unconfined_u:object_r:ssh_home_t:s0
通过这个命令查看文件夹或文件的标签
[root@localhost ~]# ls -laZ
drwx------. root root unconfined_u:object_r:ssh_home_t:s0 .ssh
=========================================================
我在远程服务器上尝试了两种不同的启动方式(启动openssh服务端)：
1. service sshd restart (客户端仍需输入密码)
2. /usr/sbin/sshd -p 22 (客户端可以免密登录)
于是，我觉得应该是这两种方法启动进程的方式上存在区别。我们都知道通过service sshd restart 启动相当于执行/etc/init.d/sshd restart, 于是我对比正常机器上的/etc/init.d/sshd和异常机器上的该文件，发现他们的start函数确实存在区别，将正常机器上的start函数替换过来，再使用service sshd restart 重启服务端程序，客户端也可以免密登录了!
以下是正常机器上的完整的/etc/init.d/sshd文件内容，可参考下：
#!/bin/bash
#
# sshd Start up the OpenSSH server daemon
#
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# description: SSH is a protocol for secure remote shell access. \
# This service starts up the OpenSSH server daemon.
#
# processname: sshd
# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_random_seed
# config: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# pidfile: /var/run/sshd.pid### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: sshd
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $syslog
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $syslog
# Should-Start: $syslog
# Should-Stop: $network $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start up the OpenSSH server daemon
# Description: SSH is a protocol for secure remote shell access.
# This service starts up the OpenSSH server daemon.
### END INIT INFO# source function library
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# pull in sysconfig settings
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/sshd ] && . /etc/sysconfig/sshdRETVAL=0
prog="sshd"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog# Some functions to make the below more readable
KEYGEN=/usr/bin/ssh-keygen
SSHD=/usr/sbin/sshd
RSA1_KEY=/etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
RSA_KEY=/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
DSA_KEY=/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
PID_FILE=/var/run/sshd.pidrunlevel=$(set -- $(runlevel); eval "echo \$$#" )fips_enabled() {if [ -r /proc/sys/crypto/fips_enabled ]; thencat /proc/sys/crypto/fips_enabledelseecho 0fi
}do_rsa1_keygen() {if [ ! -s $RSA1_KEY -a `fips_enabled` -eq 0 ]; thenecho -n $"Generating SSH1 RSA host key: "rm -f $RSA1_KEYif test ! -f $RSA1_KEY && $KEYGEN -q -t rsa1 -f $RSA1_KEY -C '' -N '' >&/dev/null; thenchmod 600 $RSA1_KEYchmod 644 $RSA1_KEY.pubif [ -x /sbin/restorecon ]; then/sbin/restorecon $RSA1_KEY.pubfisuccess $"RSA1 key generation"echoelsefailure $"RSA1 key generation"echoexit 1fifi
}do_rsa_keygen() {if [ ! -s $RSA_KEY ]; thenecho -n $"Generating SSH2 RSA host key: "rm -f $RSA_KEYif test ! -f $RSA_KEY && $KEYGEN -q -t rsa -f $RSA_KEY -C '' -N '' >&/dev/null; thenchmod 600 $RSA_KEYchmod 644 $RSA_KEY.pubif [ -x /sbin/restorecon ]; then/sbin/restorecon $RSA_KEY.pubfisuccess $"RSA key generation"echoelsefailure $"RSA key generation"echoexit 1fifi
}do_dsa_keygen() {if [ ! -s $DSA_KEY ]; thenecho -n $"Generating SSH2 DSA host key: "rm -f $DSA_KEYif test ! -f $DSA_KEY && $KEYGEN -q -t dsa -f $DSA_KEY -C '' -N '' >&/dev/null; thenchmod 600 $DSA_KEYchmod 644 $DSA_KEY.pubif [ -x /sbin/restorecon ]; then/sbin/restorecon $DSA_KEY.pubfisuccess $"DSA key generation"echoelsefailure $"DSA key generation"echoexit 1fifi
}do_restart_sanity_check()
{$SSHD -tRETVAL=$?if [ $RETVAL -ne 0 ]; thenfailure $"Configuration file or keys are invalid"echofi
}start()
{[ -x $SSHD ] || exit 5[ -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config ] || exit 6# Create keys if necessaryif [ "x${AUTOCREATE_SERVER_KEYS}" != xNO ]; thendo_rsa1_keygendo_rsa_keygendo_dsa_keygenfiecho -n $"Starting $prog: "$SSHD $OPTIONS && success || failureRETVAL=$?[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfileechoreturn $RETVAL
}stop()
{echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "if [ -n "`pidfileofproc $SSHD`" ] ; thenkillproc $SSHDelsefailure $"Stopping $prog"fiRETVAL=$?# if we are in halt or reboot runlevel kill all running sessions# so the TCP connections are closed cleanlyif [ "x$runlevel" = x0 -o "x$runlevel" = x6 ] ; thentrap '' TERMkillall $prog 2>/dev/nulltrap TERMfi[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfileecho
}reload()
{echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "if [ -n "`pidfileofproc $SSHD`" ] ; thenkillproc $SSHD -HUPelsefailure $"Reloading $prog"fiRETVAL=$?echo
}restart() {stopstart
}force_reload() {restart
}rh_status() {status -p $PID_FILE openssh-daemon
}rh_status_q() {rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}case "$1" instart)rh_status_q && exit 0start;;stop)if ! rh_status_q; thenrm -f $lockfileexit 0fistop;;restart)restart;;reload)rh_status_q || exit 7reload;;force-reload)force_reload;;condrestart|try-restart)rh_status_q || exit 0if [ -f $lockfile ] ; thendo_restart_sanity_checkif [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; thenstop# avoid racesleep 3startelseRETVAL=6fifi;;status)rh_statusRETVAL=$?if [ $RETVAL -eq 3 -a -f $lockfile ] ; thenRETVAL=2fi;;*)echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|condrestart|try-restart|status}"RETVAL=2
esac
exit $RETVAL
)
