SpringCloud 微服务

一微服务架构概述

1.1 微服务特性以及优点

每个服务可以独立运行在自己的进程里
一系列独立运行的微服务(goods,order,pay,user,search…)共同构建了整个系统
每个服务为独立的业务开发，一个微服务只关注某个特定的功能，例如用户管理，商品管理微服务
微服务之间通过一些轻量级的通信机制进行通讯，例如通过Restful API进行调用
技术栈不受限:可以使用不同的开发语言和数据存储技术
全自动的部署机制
按需伸缩:根据需求和应用场景，实现细粒度的水平扩展

1.2 微服务带来的挑战

运维要求较高
分布式的复杂性
接口调整成本较高

1.3 微服务设计原则

单一职责原则
服务自治原则
轻量级通讯机制
微服务粒度

1.4 微服务开发框架

SpringCloud:众多组件构造完善的分布式系统
Dubbo/Dubbox:关注服务治理
Dropwizard:关注单个微服务开发

二 SpringCloud概述与开发环境

2.1 SpringCloud概述

SpringCloud是基于SpringBoot之上的用来快速构建微服务系统的工具集，拥有功能完善的轻量级微服务组件，例如服务治理(Eureka),声明式REST调用(Feign),客户端负载均衡(Ribbon),服务容错(Hystrix),服务网关(Zuul)以及服务配置(Spring Cloud Config),服务跟踪(Sleuth)等等。

官网链接:http://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud/
目前主流的版本为SpringBoot1.4.5.RELEAE和SpringCloudCamden.SR7,
Maven pom配置如下：

<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>Camden.SR7</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies><dependency><groupId></groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId></groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

2.2 开发环境

MacOS10.12+JDK8u131+IntelliJ IDEA2017.1.4
Tomcat8.5+Maven3.3.9+Git2.12+Firefox54
Spring4.3.9.RELEASE+SpringBoot1.4.5.RELEASE+SpringCloud Camden.SR7

三工程机器模块说明

3.1 工程说明

工程首先自定义了Maven父工程,其中定义如下的公共组件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><!-- 自定义工程的maven坐标--><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>pom</packaging><!-- 基于SpringBoot 1.4.5.RELEASE--><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version><relativePath/></parent><!-- 定义引用类库版本 --><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version><spring-cloud.version>Camden.SR7</spring-cloud.version><springcloud-parent.version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</springcloud-parent.version><druid.version>1.0.31</druid.version><jackson.version>2.8.8</jackson.version><commons-lang3.version>3.5</commons-lang3.version><ehcache.version>3.1.4</ehcache.version><hibernate.version>5.0.12.Final</hibernate.version><servlet-api.version>3.1.0</servlet-api.version><commons-collection4.version>4.1</commons-collection4.version><springframework.oxm.version>4.3.9.RELEASE</springframework.oxm.version></properties><!-- 引入SpringCloud微服务常用组件--><modules><module>springcloud-eureka-server</module><module>springcloud-eureka-server-ha</module><module>springcloud-provider-user-service</module><module>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</module><module>springcloud-consumer-h5-feign</module><module>springcloud-api-gateway</module><module>springcloud-consumer-h5</module><module>springcloud-config-server</module></modules><dependencies><!-- 服务发现组件--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId></dependency><!-- 应用监控--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><!-- 应用测试--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid</artifactId><version>${druid.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>${servlet-api.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId><version>${jackson.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId><artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId><version>${commons-lang3.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId><artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId><version>${commons-collection4.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId><version>${hibernate.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.ehcache</groupId><artifactId>ehcache</artifactId><version>${ehcache.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId><version>${springframework.oxm.version}</version></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement>
</project>

3.2 模块说明

模块则借助IntelliJ IDEA结合Spring Initializer自动生成工程结构,主要模块和说明如下:

模块名称	模块说明	访问地址
springcloud-eureka-server	分布式服务注册中心(单点)	http://127.0.0.1:9999
springcloud-eureka-server-ha	分布式服务注册中心(高可用版本)	http://127.0.0.1:9998 http://127.0.0.1:9997
springcloud-provider-user-service	用户服务提供者	http://127.0.0.1:9996/list http://127.0.0.1:9995/list
springcloud-consumer-h5	用户服务调用者,采用原始的RestTemplate调用	http://127.0.0.1:9991/user/get/4
springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix	用户服务调用者，采用ribbon做客户端负载均衡	http://127.0.0.1:9994/springcloud-provider-user-service
springcloud-consumer-h5-feign	feign声明式服务调用者	http://127.0.0.1:9993/list
springcloud-gateway	网关服务	http://127.0.0.1:9992/api-a/list
springcloud-config-server	配置中心	待定

四使用SpringBoot实现服务提供者

所属maven模块:springcloud-provider-user-service
基于SpringBoot的Web和JPA模块实现Restful API的常用方法

4.1 entity

主要包含User,Role,Department三个实体

Role.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;/*** Role Entity** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午2:36*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "springboot_role")
public class Role  implements Serializable{@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)@Column(name = "role_id")private Long id;@Column(name = "role_name")private String name;public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return new org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder(this).append("id", id).append("name", name).toString();}
}

Department.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;/*** Department Entity** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午2:31*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "springboot_department")
@org.hibernate.annotations.Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.NONSTRICT_READ_WRITE)
public class Department implements Serializable {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)@Column(name = "department_id")private Long id;@Column(name = "department_name")private String name;public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return new ToStringBuilder(this).append("id", id).append("name", name).toString();}
}

User.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonBackReference;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;/*** User Entity** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午2:32*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "springboot_user")
public class User  implements Serializable{@Id@Column(name = "user_id")@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;@Column(name = "user_name")private String name;@Column(name = "user_password")private String password;@Column(name = "user_create_date")@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")private Date createDate;@ManyToOne@JoinColumn(name = "department_id")@JsonBackReferenceprivate Department department;@ManyToMany(cascade = {},fetch = FetchType.EAGER)@JoinTable(name = "springboot_user_role",joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name="user_id")},inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "role_id")})private List<Role> roleList;public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}public Date getCreateDate() {return createDate;}public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {this.createDate = createDate;}public Department getDepartment() {return department;}public void setDepartment(Department department) {this.department = department;}public List<Role> getRoleList() {return roleList;}public void setRoleList(List<Role> roleList) {this.roleList = roleList;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return new ToStringBuilder(this).append("id", id).append("name", name).append("password", password).append("createDate", createDate).append("department", department).append("roleList", roleList).toString();}
}

4.2 数据访问Repository

主要包含UserRepository和DepartmentRepository

DepartmentRepository.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;/*** Created by tony on 2017/6/19.*/
@Repository
public interface DepartmentRepository extends JpaRepository<Department,Long> {
}

UserRepoistory.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;/*** User Repository** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午2:54*/
@Repository
public interface UserRepository  extends JpaRepository<User,Long>{/***  and* @param id* @param name* @return*/User findByIdAndName(Long id, String name);User findByNameAndPassword(String name, String password);/***  or* @param id* @param name* @return*/User findByIdOrName(Long id, String name);/*** between* @param start* @param end* @return*/List<User> findByCreateDateBetween(Date start, Date end);/*** lessThan* @param start* @return*/List<User> getByCreateDateLessThan(Date start);/*** Greater Than* @param start* @return*/List<User> findByCreateDateGreaterThan(Date start);/*** is null* @return*/List<User> findByNameIsNull();/*** in* @param nameList* @return*/List<User> findByNameIn(Collection<String> nameList);}

4.3 业务逻辑Service

主要包含UserService,DepartmentService及其实现

UserService.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;import java.util.List;/*** Created by tony on 2017/6/19.*/
public interface UserService {/*** 登录* @param name* @param password* @return*/public User login(String name, String password);/*** 注册* @param user* @return*/public User register(User user);/*** 注销* @param user* @return*/void writeOff(User user);/*** 当前用户是否已经存在* @param user* @return*/boolean isExists(User user);List<User> getAllUser();User getUserById(Long id);}

UserServiceImpl.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.impl;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository.UserRepository;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import java.util.List;/*** User Service Impl** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午3:34*/
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {@Autowiredprivate UserRepository userRepository;@Overridepublic User login(String name, String password) {return userRepository.findByNameAndPassword(name,password);}@Overridepublic User register(User user) {return userRepository.save(user);}@Overridepublic void writeOff(User user) {userRepository.delete(user);}@Overridepublic boolean isExists(User user) {return userRepository.findOne(user.getId())!=null?true:false;}@Overridepublic List<User> getAllUser() {return userRepository.findAll();}@Overridepublic User getUserById(Long id) {return userRepository.findOne(id);}
}

DepartmentService.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department;/*** Created by tony on 2017/6/19.*/
public interface DepartmentService {Department saveDepartment(Department department);Department getDepartmentById(Long id);
}

DepartmentServiceImpl.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.impl;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository.DepartmentRepository;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.DepartmentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.transaction.Transactional;/*** Department Impl** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午3:12*/
@Transactional
@Service
public class DepartmentImpl implements DepartmentService {@Autowiredprivate DepartmentRepository departmentRepository;@Overridepublic Department saveDepartment(Department department) {return departmentRepository.save(department);}@Overridepublic Department getDepartmentById(Long id) {return departmentRepository.findOne(id);}
}

4.4 Controller层

主要包含提供User完整的Restful API 的UserController

UserController.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.UserService;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;/*** UserController* Restful API* @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午11:24*/
@RestController
public class UserController {private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);@Autowiredprivate DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@GetMapping(value = "/list")public List<User> list(){ServiceInstance instance=discoveryClient.getLocalServiceInstance();LOGGER.info("call user/list service  host is  "+instance.getHost()+"service_id is "+instance.getServiceId());return userService.getAllUser();}@GetMapping(value = "/login")public User login( @RequestParam String name,@RequestParam String password){User user=userService.login(name,password);return user;}@PostMapping("/register")public String register(@ModelAttribute User user){User result =userService.register(user);return result!=null?"success":"fail";}@GetMapping("/get/{id}")public User get(@PathVariable Long id){return userService.getUserById(id);}@PutMapping("/update/{id}")public String update(@PathVariable Long id,@ModelAttribute User user){User updatedUser =userService.getUserById(id);updatedUser.setName(user.getName());updatedUser.setPassword(user.getPassword());updatedUser.setCreateDate(new Date());User result= userService.register(updatedUser);return result!=null?"success":"fail";}@DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")public String delete(@PathVariable Long id){User user =new User();user.setId(id);userService.writeOff(user);return "success";}}

4.5 Configuration

主要包含数据源Druid和JPA的配置

DruidConfiguation.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.configuration;import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;/*** Druid Configuration** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午5:48*/
public class DruidConfiguration {@Beanpublic ServletRegistrationBean statViewServle(){ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(),"/druid/*");//白名单：servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("allow","192.168.1.218,127.0.0.1");//IP黑名单 (存在共同时，deny优先于allow) : 如果满足deny的即提示:Sorry, you are not permitted to view this page.servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("deny","192.168.1.100");//登录查看信息的账号密码.servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername","druid");servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword","12345678");//是否能够重置数据.servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("resetEnable","false");return servletRegistrationBean;}@Beanpublic FilterRegistrationBean statFilter(){FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(new WebStatFilter());//添加过滤规则.filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");//添加不需要忽略的格式信息.filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions","*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");return filterRegistrationBean;}
}

JPAPersistenceConfiguration

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.configuration;import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;/*** JPA Persistence Configuration** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-上午11:26*/
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement(proxyTargetClass = true) //启用JPA的事务管理
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.ekeyfund.springcloud.repository" )//启用JPA资源库并指定资源库接口位置
@EntityScan(basePackages = "com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity")//指定实体的位置
public class JPAPersistenceConfiguration {private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JPAPersistenceConfiguration.class);/*******************数据库和连接池配置信息,读取application.properties文件的属性值****************************/@Value("${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}")private String driverClass;@Value("${spring.datasource.username}")private String userName;@Value("${spring.datasource.password}")private String password;@Value("${spring.datasource.url}")private String url;@Value("${spring.datasource.initialSize}")private int initialSize;@Value("${spring.datasource.minIdle}")private int minIdle;@Value("${spring.datasource.maxActive}")private int maxActive;@Value("${spring.datasource.maxWait}")private long maxWait;@Value("${spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}")private long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;@Value("${spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis}")private long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;@Value("${spring.datasource.filters}")private String filters;@Value("${spring.datasource.connectionProperties}")private String connectionProperties;@Bean(name = "druidDataSource",initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "close")public DataSource dataSource(){DruidDataSource druidDataSource =new DruidDataSource();druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClass);druidDataSource.setUsername(userName);druidDataSource.setPassword(password);druidDataSource.setUrl(url);druidDataSource.setInitialSize(initialSize);druidDataSource.setMinIdle(minIdle);druidDataSource.setMaxActive(maxActive);druidDataSource.setMaxWait(maxWait);druidDataSource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);druidDataSource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);druidDataSource.setConnectionProperties(connectionProperties);try {druidDataSource.setFilters(filters);} catch (SQLException e) {LOGGER.error("build datasoure exception ",e.getMessage());}return druidDataSource;}@Bean(name = "entityManagerFactory")public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DataSource druidDataSource){LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean =new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(druidDataSource);localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity");localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(buildHibernateProperties());localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaDialect(new HibernateJpaDialect());localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter(){{setDatabase(org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.Database.MYSQL);setDatabasePlatform("org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect");}});return localContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;}@Beanpublic PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource druidDataSource, EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory){JpaTransactionManager jpaTransactionManager=new JpaTransactionManager();jpaTransactionManager.setDataSource(druidDataSource);jpaTransactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory);return jpaTransactionManager;}@BeanPersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor(){return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();}protected Properties buildHibernateProperties(){Properties hibernateProperties =new Properties();hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect");hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto","update");hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "false");hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.use_sql_comments", "false");hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.format_sql", "true");hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.generate_statistics", "false");hibernateProperties.setProperty("javax.persistence.validation.mode", "none");//Audit History flagshibernateProperties.setProperty("org.hibernate.envers.store_data_at_delete", "true");hibernateProperties.setProperty("org.hibernate.envers.global_with_modified_flag", "true");hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache", "true");hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.cache.region.factory_class", "org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory");hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.cache.use_query_cache", "true");return hibernateProperties;}}

4.6 应用配置

主要包含springboot的application.properties,logback的logback-spring.xml以及缓存框架的ehcache.xml

application.propeties


##DataSource Config
##\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4fe1\u606f\u914d\u7f6e
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/springboot?characterEncoding=utf-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=guanglei
# \u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u8865\u5145\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u4e2d
# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u6700\u5927
spring.datasource.initialSize=5
spring.datasource.minIdle=5
spring.datasource.maxActive=20
# \u914d\u7f6e\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4
spring.datasource.maxWait=60000
# \u914d\u7f6e\u95f4\u9694\u591a\u4e45\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6beb\u79d2
spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
# \u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u6c60\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6beb\u79d2
spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
spring.datasource.validationQuery=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=false
spring.datasource.testOnReturn=false
# \u6253\u5f00PSCache\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0aPSCache\u7684\u5927\u5c0f
spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements=true
spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=20
# \u914d\u7f6e\u76d1\u63a7\u7edf\u8ba1\u62e6\u622a\u7684filters\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u540e\u76d1\u63a7\u754c\u9762sql\u65e0\u6cd5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c'wall'\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u706b\u5899
spring.datasource.filters=stat,wall,log4j
# \u901a\u8fc7connectProperties\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u6253\u5f00mergeSql\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u6162SQL\u8bb0\u5f55
spring.datasource.connectionProperties=druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000# \u5408\u5e76\u591a\u4e2aDruidDataSource\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e
#spring.datasource.useGlobalDataSourceStat=true# druid \u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740 http://host:port/druid/index.html##Log Config
logging.config=classpath:logback-spring.xml## SpringData JPA Config
spring.jpa.database=mysql
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=trueserver.port=9996

ehcache.xml

<ehcache><!-- Sets the path to the directory where cache .data files are created.If the path is a Java System Property it is replaced byits value in the running VM.The following properties are translated:user.home - User's home directoryuser.dir - User's current working directoryjava.io.tmpdir - Default temp file path --><!--指定一个目录：当 EHCache 把数据写到硬盘上时, 将把数据写到这个目录下.--><diskStore path="tempDirectory"/><!--Default Cache configuration. These will applied to caches programmatically created throughthe CacheManager.The following attributes are required for defaultCache:maxInMemory       - Sets the maximum number of objects that will be created in memoryeternal           - Sets whether elements are eternal. If eternal,  timeouts are ignored and the elementis never expired.timeToIdleSeconds - Sets the time to idle for an element before it expires. Is only usedif the element is not eternal. Idle time is now - last accessed timetimeToLiveSeconds - Sets the time to live for an element before it expires. Is only usedif the element is not eternal. TTL is now - creation timeoverflowToDisk    - Sets whether elements can overflow to disk when the in-memory cachehas reached the maxInMemory limit.--><!--设置缓存的默认数据过期策略--><defaultCachemaxElementsInMemory="10000"eternal="false"timeToIdleSeconds="120"timeToLiveSeconds="120"overflowToDisk="true"/><!--设定具体的命名缓存的数据过期策略。每个命名缓存代表一个缓存区域缓存区域(region)：一个具有名称的缓存块，可以给每一个缓存块设置不同的缓存策略。如果没有设置任何的缓存区域，则所有被缓存的对象，都将使用默认的缓存策略。即：<defaultCache.../>Hibernate 在不同的缓存区域保存不同的类/集合。对于类而言，区域的名称是类名。如:com.ekeyfund.springboot.jpa.entity.User对于集合而言，区域的名称是类名加属性名。如com.ekeyfund.springboot.jpa.entity.User.roleList--><!--name: 设置缓存的名字,它的取值为类的全限定名或类的集合的名字maxElementsInMemory: 设置基于内存的缓存中可存放的对象最大数目eternal: 设置对象是否为永久的, true表示永不过期,此时将忽略timeToIdleSeconds 和 timeToLiveSeconds属性; 默认值是falsetimeToIdleSeconds:设置对象空闲最长时间,以秒为单位, 超过这个时间,对象过期。当对象过期时,EHCache会把它从缓存中清除。如果此值为0,表示对象可以无限期地处于空闲状态。timeToLiveSeconds:设置对象生存最长时间,超过这个时间,对象过期。如果此值为0,表示对象可以无限期地存在于缓存中. 该属性值必须大于或等于 timeToIdleSeconds 属性值overflowToDisk:设置基于内存的缓存中的对象数目达到上限后,是否把溢出的对象写到基于硬盘的缓存中--><cache name="com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department"maxElementsInMemory="1"eternal="false"timeToIdleSeconds="300"timeToLiveSeconds="600"overflowToDisk="true"/><cache name="com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User"maxElementsInMemory="1000"eternal="true"timeToIdleSeconds="0"timeToLiveSeconds="0"overflowToDisk="false"/><cache name="com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Role"maxElementsInMemory="1000"eternal="true"timeToIdleSeconds="0"timeToLiveSeconds="0"overflowToDisk="false"/></ehcache>

logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration><!--<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/base.xml"/>--><!-- 项目的appid --><property name="APP_ID" value="SpringCloud-Provider-User-Service"/><property name="LOG_PATH" value="logs"></property><appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"><encoder><pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg %n</pattern></encoder></appender><appender name="FILE_LOG"class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"><level>DEBUG</level></filter><file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access.log</file><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip</fileNamePattern><maxHistory>10</maxHistory></rollingPolicy><encoder><pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern></encoder></appender><appender name="FILE_DEBUG"class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"><level>DEBUG</level><onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch><onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch></filter><file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_debug.log</file><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_debug.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip</fileNamePattern><maxHistory>10</maxHistory></rollingPolicy><encoder><pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern></encoder></appender><appender name="FILE_INFO"class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"><level>INFO</level><onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch><onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch></filter><file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_info.log</file><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_info.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip</fileNamePattern><maxHistory>10</maxHistory></rollingPolicy><encoder><pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern></encoder></appender><appender name="FILE_WARN"class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"><level>WARN</level><onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch><onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch></filter><file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_warn.log</file><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_warn.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip</fileNamePattern><maxHistory>10</maxHistory></rollingPolicy><encoder><pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern></encoder></appender><appender name="FILE_ERROR"class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"><level>ERROR</level><onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch><onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch></filter><file>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_error.log</file><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/${APP_ID}/access_error.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip</fileNamePattern><maxHistory>10</maxHistory></rollingPolicy><encoder><pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern></encoder></appender><appender name="ASYNC_LOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender"><!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 --><discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold><!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 --><queueSize>512</queueSize><appender-ref ref="FILE_LOG"/></appender><appender name="ASYNC_LOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender"><!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 --><discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold><!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 --><queueSize>512</queueSize><appender-ref ref="FILE_LOG"/></appender><appender name="ASYNC_LOG_DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender"><!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 --><discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold><!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 --><queueSize>512</queueSize><appender-ref ref="FILE_DEBUG"/></appender><appender name="ASYNC_LOG_INFO" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender"><!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 --><discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold><!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 --><queueSize>512</queueSize><appender-ref ref="FILE_INFO"/></appender><appender name="ASYNC_LOG_WARN" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender"><!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 --><discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold><!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 --><queueSize>512</queueSize><appender-ref ref="FILE_WARN"/></appender><appender name="ASYNC_LOG_ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender"><!-- 不丢失日志.默认的,如果队列的80%已满,则会丢弃TRACT、DEBUG、INFO级别的日志 --><discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold><!-- 更改默认的队列的深度,该值会影响性能.默认值为256 --><queueSize>512</queueSize><appender-ref ref="FILE_ERROR"/></appender><root level="INFO"><!-- appender referenced after it is defined --><appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/><appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG"/><appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG_DEBUG"/><appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG_INFO"/><appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG_WARN"/><appender-ref ref="ASYNC_LOG_ERROR"/></root><logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"/>
</configuration>

4.7 pom.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>springcloud-provider-user-service</artifactId><packaging>jar</packaging><name>springcloud-user-service</name><description>SpringCloud User Service Application</description><parent><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath></parent><properties><start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication</start-class></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass><layout>ZIP</layout></configuration><executions><execution><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

4.8 启动类

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;//@EnableDiscoveryClient//激活Eureka中的DiscoveryClient实现(自动化配置,创建DiscoveryClient接口针对Eureka客户端的EurekaDiscoveryClient实例)
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication.class, args);}
}

4.9 测试用例

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.Department;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.DepartmentService;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;import java.util.Date;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@ComponentScan("com.ekeyfund.springcloud")
public class SpringcloudUserServiceApplicationTests {private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringcloudUserServiceApplicationTests.class);@Testpublic void contextLoads() {}@Autowiredprivate DepartmentService departmentService;@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@Testpublic void testDepartmentService(){Department department=new Department();department.setName("dev");Department result =departmentService.saveDepartment(department);LOGGER.info("add result "+result);Long id =1L;result =departmentService.getDepartmentById(id);LOGGER.info("get department "+result);}@Testpublic void testUserRegister()throws Exception{User user =new User();user.setName("tony");user.setPassword("666666");user.setCreateDate(new Date());Department department=departmentService.getDepartmentById(1L);user.setDepartment(department);User result =userService.register(user);LOGGER.info("register result "+result);}@Testpublic void testWriteOff()throws Exception{User user =new User();user.setName("tony");user.setPassword("666666");userService.writeOff(user);}@Testpublic void testUserLogin()throws Exception{User user =new User();user.setName("tony");user.setPassword("666666");User result =userService.login(user.getName(),user.getPassword());LOGGER.info("login  "+result);}@Testpublic void testUserIsExist()throws Exception{User user =new User();user.setId(4L);boolean result =userService.isExists(user);LOGGER.info("isExist  "+result);}}

五使用SpringBoot实现服务消费者

所属maven模块:springcloud-consumer-h5

5.1 entity

主要包含User,Department,Role
Role.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;/*** Role Entity** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午2:36*/public class Role {private Long id;private String name;public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return new org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder(this).append("id", id).append("name", name).toString();}
}

Department.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;/*** Department Entity** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午2:31*/public class Department {private Long id;private String name;public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return new ToStringBuilder(this).append("id", id).append("name", name).toString();}
}

User.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonBackReference;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;/*** User Entity** @author Liuguanglei liuguanglei@ekeyfund.com* @create 2017-06-下午2:32*/public class User {private Long id;private String name;private String password;@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")private Date createDate;@JsonBackReferenceprivate Department department;private List<Role> roleList;public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}public Date getCreateDate() {return createDate;}public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {this.createDate = createDate;}public Department getDepartment() {return department;}public void setDepartment(Department department) {this.department = department;}public List<Role> getRoleList() {return roleList;}public void setRoleList(List<Role> roleList) {this.roleList = roleList;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return new ToStringBuilder(this).append("id", id).append("name", name).append("password", password).append("createDate", createDate).append("department", department).append("roleList", roleList).toString();}
}

5.2 Configuraiton

主要包含Spring MVC相关配置

MVCConfiguration.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.configuration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class MVCConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{/*** * @return*/@Beanpublic RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter(){RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter=new RequestMappingHandlerAdapter();List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters =new ArrayList<>();messageConverters.add(mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());requestMappingHandlerAdapter.setMessageConverters(messageConverters);return requestMappingHandlerAdapter;}//@Beanpublic MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(){MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter =new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();List<MediaType> supportedMediaTypes =new ArrayList<>();supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.setSupportedMediaTypes(supportedMediaTypes);return  mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;}@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate(){RestTemplate restTemplate =new RestTemplate();return restTemplate;}}

5.3 Controller

主要包含UserController

UserController.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/*** UserController** @author tony 18601767221@163.com* @create 2017-06-27-下午11:42* @see* @since JDK1.8u133*/
@RestController
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;@GetMapping("user/get/{id}")public User get(@PathVariable Long id){return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://127.0.0.1:9996/get/{1}",User.class,id);}}

5.4 应用配置

主要包含springboot的application.properties

application.properties

server.port=9991
server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

5.5 启动类

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudConsumerH5Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudConsumerH5Application.class, args);}
}

5.6 测试服务调用

9991端口的服务消费者会调用9996端口的服务提供者接口。
通常在实际的开发中会遇到类似的情景:例如PC/H5/Android/IOS会去调用User模块的登录服务。

RestTemplate Call

弊端:因为程序调用的IP和端口采用了硬编码，而IP和端口可能变更,因此难以维护。
而当服务提供者宕机后服务会不可用，后面会在系统中引入服务注册、发现组件，该组件主要是维护了一个服务注册表，服务提供者和消费者将服务注册到该注册表中，而服务注册和发现组件会通过发送心跳来判断服务是否可用。

六使用Eureka实现服务发现组件

所属maven模块:springcloud-eureka-server

1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-eureka-server</artifactId><packaging>jar</packaging><name>springcloud-eureka-server</name><description>SpringCloud Eureka Server </description><parent><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath></parent><properties><start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication</start-class></properties></project>

2 编写启动类，在启动类上添加@EnableEurekaServer注解，声明这是一个Eureka Server

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;/*** 单点eureka server*/
@EnableEurekaServer //启用Eureka Server
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication.class, args);}
}

3 在应用配置文件application.properties添加如下内容:

spring.application.name=springcloud-cureka-server
server.port=9999
eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
#定义注册中心的地址
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/#不向注册中心注册自己
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
#注册中心的职责就是去维护服务实例，不需要去检索服务
eureka.client.fetch-registry=falseeureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true

4 测试访问Eureka Server

运行SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication,在浏览器输入 http://127.0.0.1:9999即可以访问Eureka Server

Eureka Server

七服务注册

所属maven模块 springcloud-provider-user-service

1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>springcloud-provider-user-service</artifactId><packaging>jar</packaging><name>springcloud-user-service</name><description>SpringCloud User Service Application</description><parent><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath></parent><properties><start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication</start-class></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- eureka client--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass><layout>ZIP</layout></configuration><executions><execution><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

2 在application.properties文件中添加以下配置:

#####Eureka Client Config########设置服务名称
spring.application.name=springcloud-provider-user-service
#eureka 单实例配置
#eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://127.0.0.1:9999/eureka
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true

其中spring.application.name是指定注册到Eureka Server上的应用名称
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address表示将自己的IP注册到Eureka Server

3 编写启动类，在启动类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解，声明这是一个Eureka Client

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;@EnableDiscoveryClient//激活Eureka中的DiscoveryClient实现(自动化配置,创建DiscoveryClient接口针对Eureka客户端的EurekaDiscoveryClient实例)
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudUserServiceApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudUserServiceMasterApplication.class, args);}
}

4 测试服务注册
首先运行SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication，启动Eureka Server,然后启动SpringcloudUserServiceApplication,启动Eureka Client。
访问Eureka Server,效果如下图:
Eureka Server Register

八 Eureka Server 高可用实现

在生产环境中，如果Eureka Server所在的机器发生宕机，那么服务发现组件将会变得不可用，因此需要实现高可用。Eureka Server可以通过运行多个实例并相互注册的方式实现高可用部署，实例之间会彼此增量同步信息，从而保持所有节点的数据一致。

所属maven模块springcloud-eureka-server-ha

该模块使用了springboot的多环境配置特性来激活两个Eureka Server,因此准备了application.properties,application-master.properties和application-slave.properties三个配置文件

application.properties

spring.profiles.active=master
##使用ip地址的形式定义注册中心的地址
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
#禁用自我保护模式
#eureka.server.enable-self-preservation=false###eureka server 启用安全验证
#security.user.name=tony
#security.user.password=666666
#security.basic.enabled=true##服务续约任务的调用间隔时间默认为30s
#eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=3
###定义服务失效的时间默认是90s
#eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=540

application-master.properties

spring.application.name=springcloud-eureka-server-ha
server.port=9998eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:9997/eureka/

application-slave.properties

spring.application.name=springcloud-eureka-server-ha
server.port=9997eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:9998/eureka/

同时准备两个启动类用来启动两个Eureka Server

SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication.class, args);}
}

SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServiceApplication.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServiceApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServiceApplication.class, args);}
}

分别运行SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication和SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServiceApplication后会发现两个注册中心已经完成相互注册

9998端口的Eureka Server

9997端口的Eureka Server

所属maven模块 springcloud-provider-user-service

服务提供者的服务注册只需要改变application.properties的注册地址即可

#####Eureka Client Config########设置服务名称
spring.application.name=springcloud-provider-user-service
#指定服务注册中心的地址 ###高可用改造后可以加上多个注册中心的地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://127.0.0.1:9998/eureka/,http://127.0.0.1:9997/eureka/eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true#####Eureka Client Config########指定服务提供者的端口
server.port=9996

刷新Eureka Server,查看高可用的Eureka Server

user服务同时注册在两个Eureka Server

eureka server ha

九 Eureka Server实现安全验证

默认情况下Eureka Server允许匿名访问，这里创建一个需要登录后才能访问Eureka Server

在pom.xml中添加安全依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency>

然后在application.properties中添加http basic验证配置

##eureka server 启用安全验证
security.user.name=tony
security.user.password=666666
security.basic.enabled=true

运行SpringcloudEurekaMasterServerApplication或者SpringcloudEurekaSlaveServerApplication后，访问Eureka Server需要提供用户名和密码才能访问
eureka security

将服务注册到需要认证的Eureka Server,只需要将eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone配置为http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9998/eureka/,http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9997/eureka/即可

例如高可用Eureka Server的注册地址变更为

master

spring.application.name=springcloud-eureka-server-ha
server.port=9998eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://tony:666666@${eureka.instance.hostname}:9997/eureka/

slave

spring.application.name=springcloud-eureka-server-ha
server.port=9997eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://tony:666666@${eureka.instance.hostname}:9998/eureka/

十使用Ribbon实现客户端负载均衡

所属maven模块:springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,有助于控制HTTP和TCP客户端的行为，为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址列表后，Ribbon可以基于负载均衡算法(例如轮询、随机)自动的帮助消费者去请求。
在SpringCloud中,当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时，Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中一个服务提供者实例。

10.1 为服务消费者整合Ribbon

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</artifactId><packaging>jar</packaging><name>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</name><description>Spring Cloud H5 Appliaction</description><parent><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath></parent><properties><start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudH5RibbonHystrixApplication</start-class></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>2.8.8</version></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass><layout>ZIP</layout></configuration><executions><execution><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>

MVCConfiguration.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.configuration;import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** MVCConfiguration** @author Liuguanglei 18601767221@163.com* @create 2017-06-下午1:01*/
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class MVCConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{@Beanpublic MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(){return new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();}@Beanpublic RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter){RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter=new RequestMappingHandlerAdapter();List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters=new ArrayList<>();messageConverters.add(mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter);requestMappingHandlerAdapter.setMessageConverters(messageConverters);return requestMappingHandlerAdapter;}@Bean@LoadBalanced//开启客户端负载均衡public RestTemplate restTemplate(){return new RestTemplate();}
}

相比之前的配置主要是在RestTemplate中添加了@LoadBalanced注解即可整合Ribbon实现客户端的负载均衡。

UserController.java

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;/*** User Controller** @author Liuguanglei 18601767221@163.com* @create 2017-06-上午12:55*/
@RestController
public class UserController {private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;@Autowiredprivate LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;@GetMapping("/login")public User login(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String password){LOGGER.info("call user service login method");ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity =this.restTemplate.getForEntity("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/login?name={1},password={2}",User.class,name,password);return responseEntity.getBody();}@GetMapping("/list")public List<User> list(){User[] users=this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/list",User[].class);List<User> userList = Arrays.asList(users);return userList;}@GetMapping("user/get/{id}")public User get(@PathVariable Long id){return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/get/id={1}",User.class,id);}/*** ribbon负载均衡测试方法*/@GetMapping("/log-user-service-instance")public void logUserServiceInstance(){ServiceInstance serviceInstance=this.loadBalancerClient.choose("springcloud-provider-user-service");LOGGER.info("serviceInstance info ---> serviceId is  "+serviceInstance.getServiceId()+" host is "+serviceInstance.getHost()+"port is "+serviceInstance.getPort() );}}

从UserController中的login,get和list方法可以看出，我们将请求地址变更为http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE,而SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE是用户微服务的虚拟主机名，当Ribbon和Eureka配合使用时，会自动将虚拟主机名映射城微服务的网络地址。

在新增的logUserServiceInstance方法中可以通过LoadBalancerClient的API更加直观的获取当前选择的用户微服务节点。

启动如下服务：
ribbon-loadbalance

访问地址:http://127.0.0.1:9994/log-user-service-instance

观察控制台输出:

2017-06-29 11:26:39.112 INFO 13474 — [nio-9994-exec-7] c.e.s.controller.UserController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9996
2017-06-29 11:26:41.000 INFO 13474 — [nio-9994-exec-8] c.e.s.controller.UserController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995
2017-06-29 11:26:42.126 INFO 13474 — [nio-9994-exec-1] c.e.s.controller.UserController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9996
2017-06-29 11:26:48.926 INFO 13474 — [nio-9994-exec-4] c.e.s.controller.UserController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995

可以看到此时请求会均匀分布到两个不同用户微服务节点上，说明已经实现了负载均衡。

application.properties

spring.application.name=springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix
server.port=9994eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://tony:666666@127.0.0.1:9998/eureka/,http://tony:666666@127.0.0.1:9997/eureka/
#eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true##修改服务负载均衡规则为随机
springcloud-provier-user-service.ribbon.NFLoadBalanceRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

十一使用Feign实现声明式REST调用

Feign是Netflix公司开发的声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端，其主要用途是更加便捷、优雅的调用HTTP API,Spring Cloud在原有基础上使Feign支持SpringMVC注解，并且整合了Ribbon和Eureka。

所属maven模块 springcloud-consumer-h5-feign

之前的maven模块springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix是使用RestTemplate(负载均衡是使用ribbon实现)调用RESTful API。如下的登录方法:

 @GetMapping("/login")public User login(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String password){LOGGER.info("call user service login method");ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity =this.restTemplate.getForEntity("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/login?name={1},password={2}",User.class,name,password);return responseEntity.getBody();}

由代码可知通过拼接字符串的方式构造URL,而在其他业务场景中可能还会有更多的参数，如果还以这种方式构造URL,那么就会变得更低效，难以维护。

引入Netflix公司开发的Feign实现声明式的RESTful API 调用

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-consumer-h5-feign</artifactId><packaging>jar</packaging><name>springcloud-consumer-h5-feign</name><description>SpringCloud Feign H5 Application</description><parent><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath></parent><properties><start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudFeignH5Application</start-class></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass><layout>ZIP</layout></configuration><executions><execution><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>

创建一个Feign接口,并添加@FeignClient注解

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.feign;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import java.util.List;/*** User Feign Client** @author tony 18601767221@163.com* @create 2017-06-29-下午2:44* @see* @since JDK1.8u133*/
@FeignClient(value = "springcloud-provider-user-service") //
public interface UserFeignClient {@RequestMapping(value = "/list",method = RequestMethod.GET)List<User> list();@RequestMapping(value = "/login",method = RequestMethod.GET)User login(@RequestParam("name")  String name, @RequestParam("password") String password);}

@FeignClient注解中的springcloud-provider-user-service是一个任意的客户端名称，用于创建Ribbon负载均衡器。

修改Controller,让其调用Feign接口

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.feign.UserFeignClient;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.util.List;/*** User Feign Controller** @author Liuguanglei 18601767221@163.com* @create 2017-06-下午1:50*/
@RestController
public class UserFeignController {private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserFeignController.class);@AutowiredUserFeignClient userFeignClient;@Autowiredprivate LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;@GetMapping(value = "/list")public List<User> list(){return userFeignClient.list();}@GetMapping("/login")public User login(@RequestParam String name,@RequestParam String password){return userFeignClient.login(name,password);}/*** ribbon负载均衡测试方法* springcloud 将feign和ribbon以及eureka进行了集成*/@GetMapping("/log-user-service-instance")public void loguserserviceinstance(){ServiceInstance serviceInstance=this.loadBalancerClient.choose("springcloud-provider-user-service");LOGGER.info("serviceInstance info ---> serviceId is  "+serviceInstance.getServiceId()+" host is "+serviceInstance.getHost()+"port is "+serviceInstance.getPort() );}}

启动类

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients //开启SpringCloud Feign的支持功能
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudFeignH5Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudFeignH5Application.class, args);}
}

启动如下服务:
feign

访问地址:http://127.0.0.1:9993/login?name=tony&password=666666

调用login接口返回的结果

访问http://127.0.0.1:9993/log-user-service-instance

查看控制台日志输出
2017-06-29 14:56:56.341 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-4] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995
2017-06-29 14:56:58.055 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-5] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9996
2017-06-29 14:56:59.310 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-6] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995
2017-06-29 14:57:05.287 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-7] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9996
2017-06-29 14:57:06.340 INFO 16173 — [nio-9993-exec-8] c.e.s.controller.UserFeignController : serviceInstance info —> serviceId is springcloud-provider-user-service host is 192.168.1.136port is 9995

以上结果说明不仅实现了声明式的Restful API调用，还实现了客户端的负载均衡

十二使用Hystrix实现微服务的容错处理

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</artifactId><packaging>jar</packaging><name>springcloud-consumer-h5-ribbon-hystrix</name><description>Spring Cloud H5 Appliaction</description><parent><groupId>com.ekeyfund.springcloud</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath></parent><properties><start-class>com.ekeyfund.springcloud.SpringcloudH5RibbonHystrixApplication</start-class></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>2.8.8</version></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass><layout>ZIP</layout></configuration><executions><execution><goals><goal>repackage</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build></project>

启动类:

添加@EnableCircuitBreaker为项目启动断路器支持

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;@EnableCircuitBreaker //启动断路器支持
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudH5RibbonHystrixApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudH5RibbonHystrixApplication.class, args);}
}

修改UserController，让其中的list方法具备容错能力

package com.ekeyfund.springcloud.controller;import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import com.ekeyfund.springcloud.entity.User;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;/*** User Controller** @author Liuguanglei 18601767221@163.com* @create 2017-06-上午12:55*/
@RestController
public class UserController {private static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;@Autowiredprivate LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;@GetMapping("/login")public User login(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String password){LOGGER.info("call user service login method");ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity =this.restTemplate.getForEntity("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/login?name={1},password={2}",User.class,name,password);return responseEntity.getBody();}@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "listFallback",commandProperties = {@HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "50000"),@HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds",value = "10000")},threadPoolProperties = {@HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize",value = "1"),@HystrixProperty(name="maxQueueSize",value = "20")})@GetMapping("/list")public List<User> list(){User[] users=this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/list",User[].class);List<User> userList = Arrays.asList(users);return userList;}/*** 当list方法所在的服务不可用时,会调用此方法* @return*/public List<User> listFallback(){User user =new User();user.setName("admin");List<User> userList=new ArrayList<>();userList.add(user);return userList;}@GetMapping("user/get/{id}")public User get(@PathVariable Long id){return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-USER-SERVICE/get/id={1}",User.class,id);}/*** ribbon负载均衡测试方法*/@GetMapping("/log-user-service-instance")public void loguserserviceinstance(){ServiceInstance serviceInstance=this.loadBalancerClient.choose("springcloud-provider-user-service");LOGGER.info("serviceInstance info ---> serviceId is  "+serviceInstance.getServiceId()+" host is "+serviceInstance.getHost()+"port is "+serviceInstance.getPort() );}}