系统固件升级_固件和操作系统之间的差异

系统固件升级

固件 (Firmware)

Firmware is somewhere similar to software but it is not a software. Somehow it is a modified form of software.

固件与软件相似，但不是软件。不知何故，它是软件的修改形式。

Firmware is fixed data or code that is embedded in any device whether it is any computer or electronic appliances or computer peripheral. It is used to control, manage and monitor the data of various engineering product or consumer appliances.

固件是嵌入在任何设备中的固定数据或代码，无论是计算机，电子设备还是计算机外围设备。它用于控制，管理和监视各种工程产品或消费类设备的数据。

"Firmware = Unmodified or fixed code"

“固件=未经修改或固定的代码”

Example: In a washing machine, there is pre-programmed and embedded firmware. When you set the timer then it gets the start and does all the functions that are instructed by the firmware.

示例：在洗衣机中，有预编程和嵌入式固件。设置计时器后，它将启动并执行固件指示的所有功能。

Operations in firmware

固件中的操作

Firmware contains low-level operations and it makes any device be functional. Hardware devices controlled by firmware. Somehow every piece of hardware has some kind of firmware installed in it.

固件包含低级操作，它可使任何设备正常工作。由固件控制的硬件设备。每种硬件都以某种方式安装了某种固件。

All the software is written in high-level languages but it is written in low-level language that is assembly or machine language. The language which is understandable by the hardware.

所有软件均以高级语言编写，但以汇编或机器语言等低级语言编写。硬件可以理解的语言。

Commands given by firmware

固件给出的命令

Firmware gives commands to both main memory and secondary memory. At the time of booting it gives commands to RAM to take OS codes and another command to ROM to give a copy of its OS code to RAM.

固件向主存储器和辅助存储器发出命令。在启动时，它向RAM提供命令以获取OS代码，向ROM提供另一个命令以向OS提供其OS代码的副本。

Where it resides in memory?

它在内存中的位置？

Firmware is in non- volatile memory such as ROM or flash memory. Changes in the firmware are rarely or not done in the past but at present, it is possible to change it after manufacture.

固件位于诸如ROM或闪存之类的非易失性存储器中。过去很少或很少进行固件更改，但目前，可以在制造后进行更改。

Example: If a particular company or brand wants to change its basic functionalities or to add some another feature so they can change its firmware so that changes will automatically occur in the device of that brand.

示例：如果某个特定的公司或品牌想要更改其基本功能或添加其他功能，以便他们可以更改其固件，则更改将自动在该品牌的设备中发生。

The optical and hard drive are components for reading and writing data, the firmware is part that does this job on request.

光盘驱动器和硬盘驱动器是用于读取和写入数据的组件，固件是根据要求执行此工作的部分。

BIOS is a firmware which contains all the basic functions needed to start up a computer.

BIOS是一种固件，其中包含启动计算机所需的所有基本功能。

Firmware is a single purpose but OS is general-purpose that allows any kind of software to run on multiple hardware.

固件是单一用途，但OS是通用用途，它允许任何类型的软件在多种硬件上运行。

操作系统 (Operating System)

Operating System(OS) is system software. The system software is designed to provide an environment to facilitate writing application programs. Example, compiler, assembler, interpreter.
操作系统(OS)是系统软件。该系统软件旨在提供一个有助于编写应用程序的环境。示例，编译器，汇编器，解释器。
OS is a collection of programs. It works between end-user and hardware of a computer.
OS是程序的集合。它在最终用户和计算机硬件之间工作。
It manages the resources of the computer such as processor, input and output devices, secondary storage devices.
它管理计算机的资源，例如处理器，输入和输出设备，辅助存储设备。

Interaction between User and Hardware by OS

It provides a platform on which other programs called application programs can run. Those application programs help the user to perform the task easily.

它提供了一个平台，可以在该平台上运行称为应用程序的其他程序。这些应用程序可帮助用户轻松执行任务。

It is initially loaded into the computer by boot program and manages all application programs.

它最初是通过引导程序加载到计算机中的，并管理所有应用程序。

Programs make use of Operating System by requesting its services through a defined application program.

程序通过定义的应用程序来请求操作系统的服务，从而利用操作系统。

It provides templates, UI components so that end user can efficiently perform desired functions.

它提供模板和UI组件，以便最终用户可以有效地执行所需的功能。

It is stored in mass storage devices.

它存储在大容量存储设备中。

Example: Windows, Linux etc.

例如： Windows，Linux等

Need of Operating System

操作系统需求

If I want to access any device or execute any job so that I have to instruct that device for this we have to write a program. Just like to print any document, the print command is given to invoking the printer.
如果我要访问任何设备或执行任何作业，以便为此必须指示该设备，我们必须编写一个程序。就像打印任何文档一样，将打印命令用于调用打印机。

Writing programs individually for each task will complicate the interactivity between user and hardware devices.
为每个任务单独编写程序会使用户和硬件设备之间的交互复杂化。
If I am a user and I am accessing a hardware device and at the same point of time another user wants to access that device and I am not releasing it so there is no authority between user and hardware who give me the command to relinquish control over that device.
如果我是用户，并且正在访问硬件设备，并且同一时间另一个用户想要访问该设备，而我没有释放该设备，则用户和硬件之间没有权限，谁给我该命令以放弃对该设备。

So there are so many reasons by which we have to use OS.
因此，有很多原因导致我们不得不使用OS。

Functional Area

功能区域

Resource Management: Allocation of resources such as compilers, assemblers, utility programs etc.
资源管理：资源的分配，例如编译器，汇编器，实用程序等。
Processor Management: Allocating processors to different jobs.
处理器管理：将处理器分配给不同的作业。
Memory Management: Assignment of main memory and other storage devices.
内存管理：分配主内存和其他存储设备。
File Management: Keeping record of files on various storage devices.
文件管理：在各种存储设备上记录文件。
Security and privacy: maintaining authenticity of the system.
安全性和私密性：维护系统的真实性。
Input / Output Management: maintaining interaction and allocation of various input and output devices.
输入/输出管理：维护各种输入和输出设备的交互和分配。
Switching from job to job guided by the special control statements.
在特殊控制语句的指导下从作业切换到作业。
Generation of traces, error messages and other debugging and error detecting facility.
跟踪，错误消息以及其他调试和错误检测工具的生成。
Keep record of internal time clock and log of system usage.
保留内部时钟记录和系统使用情况日志。