binder是android里面的通信机制,这就不说它如何如何好了,Goog已经说过了,这里不多说。binder是一个面向对象的编程方法,大量使用虚函数类。最近研究binder看到一网友写的,就借鉴一下。这个例子很好的解释里binder通信关系。原文:http://blog.csdn.net/new_abc/article/details/8097775 例子不错不过就是没运行起来,不过这都不是问题,关键是很容易理解。
我将他的源码整理类图看看,不过这个是简单的继承关系。
基本上使用binder就这个关系,从中间一分为二,左边客户端使用,右边服务端。不管是客户端还是服务端都继承子IXXXService这个类,这个类可以裂解为客户端和服务端的“爷爷”,而“爷爷”继承IInterface,所有自定义的binder都必须继承这个类,这个是android强指针实现计数的方法。先看看源码后再理解这个图。
首先看下目录结构:
TestBinderClient目录: Android.mk ITestBinderService.cpp
TestBinderServer目录: Android.mk ITestBinderService.h main_testBinder.cpp testBinder.cpp TestBinderService.cpp TestBinderService.h
TestBinderClient下面是Binder的客户端,TestBinderServer是binder的服务端
我们先来看下biner服务端代码
1、ITestBinderService.h
1 #ifndef ANDROID_ITESTBINDERSERVICE_H_ 2 #define ANDROID_ITESTBINDERSERVICE_H_ 3 4 #include <utils/RefBase.h> 5 #include <binder/IInterface.h> 6 #include <binder/Parcel.h> 7 8 9 namespace android { 10 11 class Parcel; 12 13 class ITestBinderService: public IInterface { 14 public: 15 DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(TestBinderService); 16 17 virtual int add(int a, int b) = 0; 18 }; 19 20 class BnTestBinderService: public BnInterface<ITestBinderService> { 21 public: 22 virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, 23 Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0); 24 }; 25 26 } 27 28 #endif /* ANDROID_ITESTBINDERSERVICE_H_ */
这里主要是定义了两个类ITestBinderService 和 BnTestBinderService,ITestBinderService 是TestBinderService 的基类,这里主要是DECLARE_META_INTERFACE 这个宏,定义在frameworks\base\include\binder\IInterface.h文件中。
1 #define DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE) \ 2 static const android::String16 descriptor; \ 3 static android::sp<I##INTERFACE> asInterface( \ 4 const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj); \ 5 virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const; \ 6 I##INTERFACE(); \ 7 virtual ~I##INTERFACE();
把TestBinderService代入进去
1 #define DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(TestBinderService) \ 2 static const android::String16 descriptor; \ 3 static android::sp<ITestBinderService> asInterface( \ 4 const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj); \ 5 virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const; \ 6 ITestBinderService(); \ 7 virtual ~I##TestBinderService();
其中封装了实现binder所需要的一些类成员变量和成员函数,通过这些成员函数可以为一个binder实现创建proxy(代理)
2、TestBinderService.h
1 #ifndef ANDROID_TESTBINDERSERVICE_H_ 2 #define ANDROID_TESTBINDERSERVICE_H_ 3 4 #include <utils/KeyedVector.h> 5 #include "ITestBinderService.h" 6 7 namespace android { 8 9 class TestBinderService: public BnTestBinderService { 10 public: 11 static void instantiate(); 12 int add(int a,int b); 13 private: 14 TestBinderService(); 15 virtual ~TestBinderService(); 16 }; 17 18 } 19 20 #endif /* ANDROID_TESTBINDERSERVICE_H_ */
这个文件比较简单,主要就是定义了一个类TestBinderService,继承于前面 的BnTestBinderService,并定义了一个方法add函数和instantiate
3、TestBinderService.cpp
1 #define LOG_TAG "TestBinderService" 2 #include <utils/Log.h> 3 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h> 4 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h> 5 6 #include "TestBinderService.h" 7 static int debug_flag = 1; 8 namespace android { 9 10 void TestBinderService::instantiate() { 11 LOGI("Enter TestBinderService::instantiate"); 12 status_t st = defaultServiceManager()->addService( 13 String16("my.test.binder"), new TestBinderService()); 14 LOGD("ServiceManager addService ret=%d", st); 15 LOGD("instantiate> end"); 16 } 17 18 TestBinderService::TestBinderService() { 19 LOGD(" TestBinderServicet"); 20 } 21 22 TestBinderService::~TestBinderService() { 23 LOGD("TestBinderService destroyed,never destroy normally"); 24 } 25 26 int TestBinderService::add(int a,int b) { 27 28 LOGI("TestBinderService::add a = %d, b = %d.", a , b); 29 return a+b; 30 } 31 32 }
在instantiate函数中,将TestBinderService注册到系统的binder service列表中,这样以后就可以使用这个service提供的方法,该service提供了一个add 方法,返回两个数的和。
再来看下clinet端 的代码
1、ITestBinderService.cpp
1 #define LOG_TAG "ITeeveePlayerService" 2 3 #include <utils/Log.h> 4 5 #include "../TestBinderServer/ITestBinderService.h" 6 7 namespace android { 8 9 enum { 10 TEST_ADD = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION, 11 }; 12 13 class BpTestBinderService: public BpInterface<ITestBinderService> { 14 public: 15 BpTestBinderService(const sp<IBinder>& impl) : 16 BpInterface<ITestBinderService> (impl) { 17 } 18 19 int add(int a, int b) { 20 21 Parcel data, reply; 22 LOGI("Enter BpTestBinderService add,a = %d , b = %d", a, b); 23 data.writeInterfaceToken(ITestBinderService::getInterfaceDescriptor()); 24 data.writeInt32(a); 25 data.writeInt32(b); 26 remote()->transact(TEST_ADD, data, &reply); 27 int sum = reply.readInt32(); 28 LOGI("BpTestBinderService sum = %d", sum); 29 return sum; 30 } 31 }; 32 33 IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(TestBinderService, "android.test.ITestBinderService"); 34 35 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 37 status_t BnTestBinderService::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, 38 Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) { 39 switch (code) { 40 case TEST_ADD: { 41 42 CHECK_INTERFACE(ITestBinderService, data, reply); 43 int a = data.readInt32(); 44 int b = data.readInt32(); 45 LOGI("Enter BnTestBinderService add,a = %d , b = %d", a, b); 46 int sum = 0; 47 sum = add(a, b); 48 LOGI("BnTestBinderService sum = %d", sum); 49 reply->writeInt32(sum); 50 return sum; 51 } 52 default: 53 return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); 54 } 55 } 56 57 }
定义了一个类BpTestBinderService,提供add方法,该方法通过调用远端的binder service提供的服务返回两个数的和重载了BnTestBinderService的onTransact方法,使其在TEST_ADD时调用add方法
这个文件里面也使用了一个宏IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE,也是定义在frameworks\base\include\binder\IInterface.h文件中
1 #define IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE, NAME) \ 2 const android::String16 I##INTERFACE::descriptor(NAME); \ 3 const android::String16& \ 4 I##INTERFACE::getInterfaceDescriptor() const { \ 5 return I##INTERFACE::descriptor; \ 6 } \ 7 android::sp<I##INTERFACE> I##INTERFACE::asInterface( \ 8 const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj) \ 9 { \ 10 android::sp<I##INTERFACE> intr; \ 11 if (obj != NULL) { \ 12 intr = static_cast<I##INTERFACE*>( \ 13 obj->queryLocalInterface( \ 14 I##INTERFACE::descriptor).get()); \ 15 if (intr == NULL) { \ 16 intr = new Bp##INTERFACE(obj); \ 17 } \ 18 } \ 19 return intr; \ 20 } \ 21 I##INTERFACE::I##INTERFACE() { } \ 22 I##INTERFACE::~I##INTERFACE() { }
代入展开后:
1 #define IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(TestBinderService, "android.test.ITestBinderService") \ 2 const android::String16 ITestBinderService::descriptor("android.test.ITestBinderService"); \ 3 const android::String16& \ 4 ITestBinderService::getInterfaceDescriptor() const { \ 5 return ITestBinderService::descriptor; \ 6 } \ 7 android::sp<ITestBinderService> ITestBinderService::asInterface( \ 8 const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj) \ 9 { \ 10 android::sp<ITestBinderService> intr; \ 11 if (obj != NULL) { \ 12 intr = static_cast<ITestBinderService*>( \ 13 obj->queryLocalInterface( \ 14 ITestBinderService::descriptor).get()); \ 15 if (intr == NULL) { \ 16 intr = new BpTestBinderService(obj); \ 17 } \ 18 } \ 19 return intr; \ 20 } \ 21 ITestBinderService::ITestBinderService() { } \ 22 ITestBinderService::~ITestBinderService() { }
这样,server和client端的binder代码主写好了,接着就需要把binder service加入到binder中
这里有两种方法:
1、在system_init.cpp中添加
TestBinderService::instantiate();
如果是在这里加的话可以去掉TestBinderService中实现的instantiate方法,同时将TestBinderService继 承自BinderService,因为在BinderService实现了这一方法,同时将其添加到binder service
2、以单独的程序启动
main_testBinder.cpp
1 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h> 2 #include <binder/ProcessState.h> 3 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h> 4 #include <utils/Log.h> 5 6 7 #include "TestBinderService.h" 8 9 using namespace android; 10 11 int main(int argc, char** argv) 12 { 13 14 sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self()); 15 sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager(); 16 LOGI("TestBinderService before"); 17 TestBinderService::instantiate(); 18 LOGI("TestBinderService End"); 19 ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool(); 20 IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(); 21 return 0; 22 23 }
这里调用的是TestBinderService自己的instantiate来添加的
再来看下测试testBinder.cpp
1 #define LOG_TAG "TestBinserService" 2 3 #include <utils/Log.h> 4 #include <nativehelper/jni.h> 5 #include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h> 6 #include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h> 7 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h> 8 #include "../TestBinderServer/ITestBinderService.h" 9 10 11 #include "TestBinderService.h" 12 13 using namespace android; 14 15 int main(int argc, char** argv) 16 { 17 int sum = 0; 18 sp<ITestBinderService> mTestBinserService; 19 if (mTestBinserService.get() == 0) { 20 sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager(); 21 sp<IBinder> binder; 22 do { 23 binder = sm->getService(String16("my.test.binder")); 24 if (binder != 0) 25 break; 26 LOGI("getService fail"); 27 usleep(500000); // 0.5 s 28 } while (true); 29 mTestBinserService = interface_cast<ITestBinderService> (binder); 30 LOGE_IF(mTestBinserService == 0, "no ITestBinserService!?"); 31 } 32 sum = mTestBinserService->add(3, 4); 33 LOGI("sum = %d", sum); 34 return 0; 35 36 }
以上就是测试代码。