使用wss和HTTPS / TLS保护WebSocket的安全

是这个博客的第50条提示，是的！

技术提示＃49说明了如何使用用户名/密码和Servlet安全机制保护WebSocket的安全。本技术提示将说明如何在WildFly上使用HTTPS / TLS保护WebSocket。

让我们开始吧！

创建一个新的密钥库：

keytool -genkey -alias websocket -keyalg RSA -keystore websocket.keystore -validity 10950
Enter keystore password:
Re-enter new password:
What is your first and last name?[Unknown]:  Arun Gupta
What is the name of your organizational unit?[Unknown]:  JBoss Middleware
What is the name of your organization?[Unknown]:  Red Hat
What is the name of your City or Locality?[Unknown]:  San Jose
What is the name of your State or Province?[Unknown]:  CA
What is the two-letter country code for this unit?[Unknown]:  US
Is CN=Arun Gupta, OU=JBoss Middleware, O=Red Hat, L=San Jose, ST=CA, C=US correct?[no]:  yesEnter key password for <websocket>(RETURN if same as keystore password):
Re-enter new password:

使用“ websocket”作为便捷密码。

下载WildFly 8.1 ，解压缩，然后将“ websocket.keystore”文件复制到standalone/configuration目录standalone/configuration目录中。
以以下方式启动WildFly：
```
./bin/standalone.sh
```
使用jboss-cli连接至它：
```
./bin/jboss-cli.sh -c
```

将新的安全领域添加为：

[standalone@localhost:9990 /] /core-service=management/security-realm=WebSocketRealm:add()
{"outcome" => "success"}

并配置它：

[standalone@localhost:9990 /] /core-service=management/security-realm=WebSocketRealm/server-identity=ssl:add(keystore-path=websocket.keystore, keystore-relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir, keystore-password=websocket)
{"outcome" => "success","response-headers" => {"operation-requires-reload" => true,"process-state" => "reload-required"}
}

将新的HTTPS侦听器添加为：

[standalone@localhost:9990 /] /subsystem=undertow/server=default-server/https-listener=https:add(socket-binding=https, security-realm=WebSocketRealm)
{"outcome" => "success","response-headers" => {"process-state" => "reload-required"}
}

可以从github.com/javaee-samples/javaee7-samples/tree/master/websocket/endpoint-wss获得一个简单的示例，以显示基于TLS的WebSocket安全性。克隆工作空间并将目录更改为“ websocket / endpoint-wss”。该示例的部署描述符具有：
```
<security-constraint><web-resource-collection><web-resource-name>Secure WebSocket</web-resource-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></web-resource-collection><user-data-constraint><transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee></user-data-constraint>
</security-constraint>
```
这样可以确保任何传入此应用程序的请求都将自动定向到HTTPS URL。
通过提供以下命令来部署样本：
```
mvn wildfly:deploy
```

现在访问http：// localhost：8080 / endpoint-wss重定向到https：// localhost：8080 / endpoint-wss 。浏览器可能会抱怨自签名证书。例如，Chrome显示以下警告：

techtip50-certificate-chrome

Safari显示以下警告：

techtip50证书

在任何一种情况下，请单击“继续到本地主机”或“继续”以继续进行。然后，建立安全的WebSocket连接。

要理解的另一个相关要点是，不能从受https保护的页面建立不安全的WebSocket连接。例如我们示例中的以下代码：

new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/endpoint-wss/websocket");

将在Chrome开发者工具中引发以下异常：

[blocked] The page at 'https://localhost:8443/endpoint-wss/index.jsp' was loaded over HTTPS, but ran insecure content from 'ws://localhost:8080/endpoint-wss/websocket': this content should also be loaded over HTTPS.
Uncaught SecurityError: Failed to construct 'WebSocket': An insecure WebSocket connection may not be initiated from a page loaded over HTTPS.

请享用！