查看修改MySQL字符集
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_70ac6bec01016fts.html
查看修改MySQL字符集
(2012-08-22 09:53:21)标签: 字符集mysql数据库mysql字符集查看mysql启动命令修改mysql字符集 | 分类: 网站开发 |
一、查看MySQL数据库服务器和数据库MySQL字符集。
- mysql> show variables like '%char%';
- +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
- | Variable_name | Value |......
- +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
- | character_set_client | utf8 |...... -- 客户端字符集
- | character_set_connection | utf8 |......
- | character_set_database | utf8 |...... -- 数据库字符集
- | character_set_filesystem | binary |......
- | character_set_results | utf8 |......
- | character_set_server | utf8 |...... -- 服务器字符集
- | character_set_system | utf8 |......
- | character_sets_dir | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |......
- +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
为了不出现乱码,我们需要统一修改这些参数,比如我要把数据库的默认字符集改为utf8,如下所示
在[client]下添加如下参数 default-character-set=utf8
在[mysqld]下添加如下参数 default-character-set=utf8
然后重启mysql服务,再查看字符集(要重新登录客户端)
mysql>
mysql> show variables like 'collation%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql的字符集分的比较细,可以采用默认值,也可以指定值
A.数据库字符集
使用默认字符集的库 mysql> create database db1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create database db1; +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | db1 | CREATE DATABASE `db1` | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
指定字符集的库 mysql> create database db2 default character set latin1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create database db2; +----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+ | db2 | CREATE DATABASE `db2` | +----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改库的字符集 mysql> alter database db2 default character set utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database db2; +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | db2 | CREATE DATABASE `db2` | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
B.表字符集
mysql> use db2; Database changed
使用默认库字符集的表 mysql> create table t1(a varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create table t1; +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t1 | CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `a` varchar(10) default NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建指定字符集的表 mysql> create table t2(a varchar(10)) default character set latin1;; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
ERROR: No query specified
mysql> show create table t2; +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t2 | CREATE TABLE `t2` ( `a` varchar(10) default NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 | +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
更改表的字符集 mysql> alter table t2 default character set utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table t2; +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t2 | CREATE TABLE `t2` ( `a` varchar(10) character set latin1 default NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
从上面可以看到,修改表的字符集时,不会影响已经存在列的字符集,但新增列将继承表的字符集,如下
mysql> alter table t2 add a2 varchar(10); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table t2; +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t2 | CREATE TABLE `t2` ( `a` varchar(10) character set latin1 default NULL, `a2` varchar(10) default NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
如果想更改已经存在表和字符列的字符集,要用如下
mysql> alter table t2 convert to character set latin1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table t2; +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t2 | CREATE TABLE `t2` ( `a` varchar(10) default NULL, `a2` varchar(10) default NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
C.字段字符集
使用默认和指定字符集创建的列 mysql> create table t3 (a1 varchar(10),a2 varchar(10) character set latin1); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show create table t3; +-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t3 | CREATE TABLE `t3` ( `a1` varchar(10) default NULL, `a2` varchar(10) character set latin1 default NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
查看列的字符集 mysql> show full columns from t3; +-------+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment | +-------+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | a1 | varchar(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | | a2 | varchar(10) | latin1_swedish_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | +-------+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
修改列的字符集 mysql> alter table t3 change a2 a2 varchar(10) character set utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show full columns from t3; +-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment | +-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ | a1 | varchar(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | | a2 | varchar(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | +-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
结论:字符集从数据库、表、列的字符集是逐级继承的关系
查看字符集命令 mysql> show create table t4; //显示表字符集 mysql> show create database db2; //显示库字符集 mysql> show full columns from t4; //显示列字符集
alter database db2 default character set utf8; //更改库的字符集 alter table t2 convert to character set latin1;//更改表的现存列字符集 alter table t2 default character set utf8; //更能改表的默认字符集 alter table t3 change a2 a2 varchar(10) character set utf8; //更能改字段的字符集
2.修改mysql的默认存储引擎
mysql> show variables like 'storage%'; +----------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------+--------+ | storage_engine | MyISAM | +----------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
在[mysqld]下添加如下参数 default-storage-engine=innodb
重启mysql服务,查看
mysql> show variables like 'storage%'; +----------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------+--------+ | storage_engine | InnoDB | +----------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
创建默认字符集的表 mysql> create table t4 (a1 int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create table t4; +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t4 | CREATE TABLE `t4` ( `a1` int(11) default NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
更改表的默认字符集 mysql> alter table t4 engine myisam; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table t4; +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t4 | CREATE TABLE `t4` ( `a1` int(11) default NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
二、查看MySQL数据表(table)的MySQL字符集。- mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';
- +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
- | Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation |......
- +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
- | countries | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 11 | utf8_general_ci |......
- +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
三、查看MySQL数据列(column)的MySQL字符集。
- mysql> show full columns from countries;
- +----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
- | Field | Type | Collation | .......
- +----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
- | countries_id | int(11) | NULL | .......
- | countries_name | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......
- | countries_iso_code_2 | char(2) | utf8_general_ci | .......
- | countries_iso_code_3 | char(3) | utf8_general_ci | .......
- | address_format_id | int(11) | NULL | .......
- +----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
MySQL修改默认字符集
修改mysql的默认字符集是通过修改它的配置文件来实现的。一般分两种情况:
方法一:
Windows平台
windows下的mysql配置文件是my.ini
一般在C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0
default-character-set=gbk #或gb2312,big5,utf8 然后重新启动mysql:运行->services.msc->停止MySql->启动 OK
或 /etc/init.d/mysql restart 或用其他方法重新启动,就生效了。
Unix平台 linux下的mysql配置文件是my.cnf
一般是/etc/my.cnf,如果找不到可以用find命令找一下: find / -iname my.cnf 在这个文件里面加上 default-character-set=gbk #或gb2312,big5,utf8 然后重新启动mysql net stop mysql net start mysql
方法二:
通过MySQL命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
utf8 改为 gb2312
重启mysql :
如何启动/停止/重启MySQL
启动、停止、重启 MySQL 是每个拥有独立主机的站长必须要撑握的操作,下面为大家简单介绍一下操作方法:
一、启动方式
1、使用 service 启动:service mysqld start
2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动:/etc/inint.d/mysqld start
3、使用 safe_mysqld 启动:safe_mysqld&
二、停止
1、使用 service 启动:service mysqld stop
2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动:/etc/inint.d/mysqld stop
3、mysqladmin shutdown
三、重启
1、使用 service 启动:service mysqld restart
2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动:/etc/inint.d/mysqld restart
终极方法
mysql> set names gbk;
部分原文:http://blog.csdn.net/wyzxg/article/details/7581415