SpringMVC学习笔记----

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

  <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--><servlet><servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value></init-param><!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                    <!-- scan the package and the sub package --><context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/><!-- don't handle the static resource --><mvc:default-servlet-handler /><!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --><mvc:annotation-driven /><!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"><!-- 前缀 --><property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /><!-- 后缀 --><property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /></bean>
</beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.编写Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {@RequestMapping("/hello")public String hello(){        return "hello";}
}

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

　　负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping

　　注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody

　　该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

@ResponseBody

　　该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute 　　　

　　在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

@RequestParam　

　　在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

　　绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice

　　使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

四、自动匹配参数

    //match automatically@RequestMapping("/person")public String toPerson(String name,double age){System.out.println(name+" "+age);return "hello";}

五、自动装箱

1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;public class Person {public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}private String name;private int age;}

2.在Controller里编写方法

    //boxing automatically@RequestMapping("/person1")public String toPerson(Person p){System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());return "hello";}

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

    //the parameter was converted in initBinder@RequestMapping("/date")public String date(Date date){System.out.println(date);return "hello";}//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"@InitBinderpublic void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),true));}

七、向前台传递参数

    //pass the parameters to front-end@RequestMapping("/show")public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){Person p =new Person();map.put("p", p);p.setAge(20);p.setName("jayjay");return "show";}

前台可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax调用

    //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@RequestMapping("/getPerson")public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){pw.write("hello,"+name);        }@RequestMapping("/name")public String sayHello(){return "name";}

前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

          $(function(){$("#btn").click(function(){$.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){alert(data);});});});

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

    //redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect")public String redirect(){return "redirect:hello";}

十、文件上传

1.需要导入两个jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

    <!-- upload settings --><bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"><property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property></bean>

3.方法代码

    @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+"upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));fos.write(file.getBytes());fos.flush();fos.close();return "hello";}

4.前台form表单

      <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="file" name="file"><br><input type="submit" value="submit"></form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class mvcController1 {@RequestMapping(value="/param")public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,@RequestParam(value="name")String name){System.out.println(id+" "+name);return "/hello";}    
}

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController {@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){System.out.println("get"+id);return "/hello";}@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){System.out.println("post"+id);return "/hello";}@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){System.out.println("put"+id);return "/hello";}@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){System.out.println("delete"+id);return "/hello";}}

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

  <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --><filter><filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

    <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"><input type="submit" value="put"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="post"><input type="submit" value="post"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="get"><input type="submit" value="get"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"><input type="submit" value="delete"></form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入以下jar包

2.方法代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController {@ResponseBody@RequestMapping("/user")public  User get(){User u = new User();u.setId(1);u.setName("jayjay");u.setBirth(new Date());return u;}
}

十四、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

    @ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");mv.addObject("exception", ex);System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");return mv;}@RequestMapping("/error")public String error(){int i = 5/0;return "hello";}

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {@ExceptionHandlerpublic ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");mv.addObject("exception", ex);System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");return mv;}
}

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

    <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"><property name="exceptionMappings"><props><prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop></props></property></bean>

error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {@Overridepublic void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)throws Exception {System.out.println("afterCompletion");}@Overridepublic void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {System.out.println("postHandle");}@Overridepublic boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,Object arg2) throws Exception {System.out.println("preHandle");return true;}}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

    <!-- interceptor setting --><mvc:interceptors><mvc:interceptor><mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/><bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean></mvc:interceptor>        </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Date getBirth() {return birth;}public void setBirth(Date birth) {this.birth = birth;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";}    private int id;@NotEmptyprivate String name;@Past@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")private Date birth;
}

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

    <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/><input type="submit" value="submit"></form:form>

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)    public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){if(br.getErrorCount()>0){            return "addUser";}return "showUser";}@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)public String add(Map<String,Object> map){map.put("user",new User());return "addUser";}
}

ps:

　　1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

　　3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

    <!-- configure the locale resource --><bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"><property name="basename" value="locale"></property></bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

  <body><fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message><fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message></body>

在SpringMVC中配置

    <!-- make the jsp page can be visited --><mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

2.User实体类

public class User {public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Date getBirth() {return birth;}public void setBirth(Date birth) {this.birth = birth;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";}    private int id;@NotEmptyprivate String name;@Past@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")private Date birth;
}

3.UserService类

@Component
public class UserService {public UserService(){System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");}public void save(){System.out.println("save");}
}

4.UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@RequestMapping("/user")public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){System.out.println(u);userService.save();return "hello";}
}

5.Spring配置文件

在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    ><context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"><context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/><context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>        </context:component-scan></beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

  <!-- configure the springIOC --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><context-param>  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package --><context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"><context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/><context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/></context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

十九、SpringMVC运行原理

1. 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查询一个或多个HandlerMapping，找到处理请求的Controller
3. DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller
4. Controller调用业务逻辑处理后，返回ModelAndView
5. DispatcherServlet查询一个或多个ViewResoler视图解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的视图
6. 视图负责将结果显示到客户端

二十、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

from: http://www.cnblogs.com/sunniest/p/4555801.html

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/GarfieldEr007/p/5793725.html