操作环境说明：

两台服务器使用相同的Redhat 5.5

内核版本为：2.6.18-194.el5

在主库(primary database)中提前安装好了Oracle 11gR2软件，通过DBCA创建了数据库，实例名为PRIMARY

备库(standby database)中只安装了Oracle 11gR2软件，未创建数据库。

本文完整记录基于11g的DG配置

主库配置

1、确认主库开启了archivelog模式，并设置为force logging模式

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database force logging ;

alter database force logging

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12920: database is already in force logging mode

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2、创建standby controlfile

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl';

Database altered.

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3、登录到主库，可以了解一下数据文件的信息，之后安全关闭数据库，将全部数据文件拷贝到备库的相应目录下,直接复制目录最简单

SYS@PRIMARY>select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/data/primary/system01.dbf

/u01/data/primary/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/data/primary/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/data/primary/users.dbf

SYS@PRIMARY>show parameter control_files

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_files                        string      /u01/data/primary/primary/cont

rol01.ctl, /u01/data/primary/p

rimary/control02.ctl

SYS@PRIMARY>select group#,member from v$logfile;

GROUP# MEMBER

---------- ------------------------------

1 /u01/data/primary/redo01a.rdo

1 /u01/data/primary/redo01b.rdo

2 /u01/data/primary/redo02a.rdo

2 /u01/data/primary/redo02b.rdo

3 /u01/data/primary/redo03a.rdo

3 /u01/data/primary/redo03b.rdo

6 rows selected.

SYS@PRIMARY>shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@PRIMARY>quit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/data/

[oracle@localhost data]$ scp -r primary/ 172.26.29.4:/u01/data

oracle@172.26.29.4's password:

system01.dbf                                                                               100%  172MB  34.4MB/s   00:05

redo01b.rdo                                                                                100%  100MB  33.3MB/s   00:03

sysaux01.dbf                                                                               100%  100MB  50.0MB/s   00:02

undotbs01.dbf                                                                              100%  133MB  44.3MB/s   00:03

.......

[oracle@localhost data]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Feb 21 20:54:47 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@PRIMARY>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size                  2213776 bytes

Variable Size             402655344 bytes

Database Buffers         1191182336 bytes

Redo Buffers                7360512 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

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4、主库修改初始化参数文件

SYS@PRIMARY>create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SYS@PRIMARY>!

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在pfile后面追加如下这些参数：

参数的含义请查看联机文档。

log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'

log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'

log_archive_dest_2='service=standby async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=STANDBY'

log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

log_archive_max_processes=10

log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'

fal_client='PRIMARY'

fal_server='STANDBY'

standby_file_management='auto'

remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

这里要注意：

log_archive_dest_2这个参数中db_unique_name的值为备库的db_unique_name，最好完全与备库一致，包括大小写

log_file_name_convert的值中，第一个值为主库的归档日志目录，第二个为备库的归档日志目录

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initPRIMARY.ora

PRIMARY.__db_cache_size=1191182336

PRIMARY.__java_pool_size=16777216

PRIMARY.__large_pool_size=16777216

PRIMARY.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

PRIMARY.__pga_aggregate_target=1677721600

PRIMARY.__sga_target=1610612736

PRIMARY.__shared_io_pool_size=0

PRIMARY.__shared_pool_size=369098752

PRIMARY.__streams_pool_size=0

*.compatible='11.2.0'

*.control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/control01.ctl','/u01/data/primary/primary/control02.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_name='PRIMARY'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=53687091200

*.db_unique_name='PRIMARY'

*.fal_client='PRIMARY'

*.fal_server='STANDBY'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=standby async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=STANDBY'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.log_archive_max_processes=10

*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'

*.nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss'

*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'

*.nls_territory='CHINA'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=1669332992

*.processes=1000

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.sessions=1105

*.sga_target=1610612736

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS01'

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5、主库创建pfile和passwordfile后，拷贝到备库的相同路径下

注意，使用orapwd创建口令文件时，一定要使用ignorecase选项。否则启动备库后，可能会在alert文件中提示ORA-16191错误。这个问题有可能是Oracle 11g中的一个bug，我被他困扰折磨了老半天...

[oracle@localhost data]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPRIMARY password=sys force=y ignorecase=y

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls

hc_PRIMARY.dat  init.ora         lkPRAMARY  lkTDB1  orapwPRIMARY      orapwtdb1          spfiletdb1.ora

hc_tdb1.dat     initPRIMARY.ora  lkPRIMARY  lkTEST  orapwPRIMARY.bak  spfilePRIMARY.ora

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ scp -r orapwPRIMARY initPRIMARY.ora 172.26.29.4:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

oracle@172.26.29.4's password:

orapwPRIMARY                                                                               100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00

initPRIMARY.ora                                                                            100% 1496     1.5KB/s   00:00

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5、备库获取数据文件，初始化参数文件和口令文件后，对初始化参数文件进行相应修改

需要修改的参数如下：

db_unique_name=STANDBY

log_archive_dest_2='service=primary async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=PRIMARY'

fal_server=primary

fal_client=standby

control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl' 此处使用standby controlfile

简单来说，就是将这几个参数依据备库，与主库做一个映像般的调换

[oracle@tam dbs]$ cat initPRIMARY.ora

PRIMARY.__db_cache_size=1191182336

PRIMARY.__java_pool_size=16777216

PRIMARY.__large_pool_size=16777216

PRIMARY.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

PRIMARY.__pga_aggregate_target=1677721600

PRIMARY.__sga_target=1610612736

PRIMARY.__shared_io_pool_size=0

PRIMARY.__shared_pool_size=369098752

PRIMARY.__streams_pool_size=0

*.compatible='11.2.0'

*.control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_name='PRIMARY'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=53687091200

*.db_unique_name='STANDBY'

*.fal_client='STANDBY'

*.fal_server='PRIMARY'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=PRIMARY'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.log_archive_max_processes=10

*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'

*.nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss'

*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'

*.nls_territory='CHINA'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=1669332992

*.processes=1000

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.sessions=1105

*.sga_target=1610612736

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS01'

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6、配置主库和备库中的监听服务和tnsnames.ora

主库：注意listener.ora文件中的SID_NAME是大小写敏感的，笔者因为忽略了这个问题，导致配置监听和启动监听成功后，一致不能远程登录...

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PRIMARY)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.2)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

)

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

names.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.4)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = PLSExtProc)

(PRESENTATION = RO)

)

)

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备库

[oracle@tam admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PRIMARY)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.4)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

)

[oracle@tam admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

PRIMARY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.2)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

)

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配置完成后，尝试从两台服务器以sysdba身份互相访问

主库：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus sys/sys@standby as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:16:26 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

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备库：

[oracle@tam admin]$ sqlplus sys/sys@primary as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:15:17 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

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7、启动备库

[oracle@tam dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:19:00 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@PRIMARY>startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size                  2213776 bytes

Variable Size             402655344 bytes

Database Buffers         1191182336 bytes

Redo Buffers                7360512 bytes

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database mount standby database;

Database altered.

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

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8、验证

主库中创建一个表，并插入若凡数据后，备库中能够同步出这些数据，则认为DG实施成功

主库：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:28:14 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SYS@PRIMARY>create table test(id number);

Table created.

SYS@PRIMARY>for i in 1..10 loop

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "for i in 1..." - rest of line ignored.

SYS@PRIMARY>begin

2  for i in 1..10 loop

3  insert into test values(i);

4  end loop;

5  commit;

6  end;

7  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SYS@PRIMARY>select * from test;

ID

----------

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

10 rows selected.

SYS@PRIMARY>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@PRIMARY>/

System altered.

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备库：

SYS@PRIMARY>select name,database_role from v$database;

NAME      DATABASE_ROLE

--------- ----------------

PRIMARY   PHYSICAL STANDBY

SYS@PRIMARY>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME   NEXT_TIME

---------- ------------ ------------

15 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

8 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

10 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

9 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

11 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

13 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

7 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

14 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

12 20-FEB-12    20-FEB-12

18 21-FEB-12    21-FEB-12

20 21-FEB-12    21-FEB-12

......

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database open read only;

Database altered.

SYS@PRIMARY>select * from test;

ID

----------

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

10 rows selected.

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至此，配置完毕

总结

想要玩好oracle的Data Guard、RAC、Golden Gate等高端软件，主要在于细心与耐心。

所谓细心，就是认真读取文档，认真配置各项参数和文件；所谓耐心，就是出现错误后，要认真预读alert log好trace文件，找到错误原因，即使去网上求助，一项一项排除。笔者首次不是DG时，确实遇到不少问题，就是靠逐步啃日志文件解决的

摘自 所好者道也