文章目录
- 递归方式 先序、中序、后序 遍历
- 非递归方式 先序、中序、后序 遍历
- 实现二叉树的按层遍历
- 求二叉树的最大宽度
- 二叉树的序列化和反序列化
- 二叉树有 left、right、parent ,给这样二叉树的某个结点,返回该节点的后继节点
- 折纸条
递归方式 先序、中序、后序 遍历
public class RecursiveTraversalBT {public static class Node {public int value;public Node left;public Node right;public Node(int v) {value = v;}}public static void f(Node head) {if (head == null) {return;}// 1f(head.left);// 2f(head.right);// 3}// 先序打印所有节点public static void pre(Node head) {if (head == null) {return;}System.out.println(head.value);pre(head.left);pre(head.right);}public static void in(Node head) {if (head == null) {return;}in(head.left);System.out.println(head.value);in(head.right);}public static void pos(Node head) {if (head == null) {return;}pos(head.left);pos(head.right);System.out.println(head.value);}}
非递归方式 先序、中序、后序 遍历
使用栈
import java.util.Stack;public class UnRecursiveTraversalBT {public static class Node {public int value;public Node left;public Node right;public Node(int v) {value = v;}}//先序遍历public static void pre(Node head) {System.out.print("pre-order: ");if (head != null) {Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();stack.add(head);while (!stack.isEmpty()) {head = stack.pop();System.out.print(head.value + " ");if (head.right != null) {stack.push(head.right);}if (head.left != null) {stack.push(head.left);}}}System.out.println();}//中序遍历public static void in(Node cur) {System.out.print("in-order: ");if (cur != null) {Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();while (!stack.isEmpty() || cur != null) {if (cur != null) {stack.push(cur);cur = cur.left;} else {cur = stack.pop();System.out.print(cur.value + " ");cur = cur.right;}}}System.out.println();}//使用了两个栈实现后序遍历public static void pos1(Node head) {System.out.print("pos-order: ");if (head != null) {Stack<Node> s1 = new Stack<Node>();Stack<Node> s2 = new Stack<Node>();s1.push(head);while (!s1.isEmpty()) {head = s1.pop(); // 头 右 左s2.push(head);if (head.left != null) {s1.push(head.left);}if (head.right != null) {s1.push(head.right);}}// 左 右 头while (!s2.isEmpty()) {System.out.print(s2.pop().value + " ");}}System.out.println();}//使用一个栈实现后序遍历public static void pos2(Node h) {System.out.print("pos-order: ");if (h != null) {Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();stack.push(h);Node c = null;while (!stack.isEmpty()) {c = stack.peek();if (c.left != null && h != c.left && h != c.right) {stack.push(c.left);} else if (c.right != null && h != c.right) {stack.push(c.right);} else {System.out.print(stack.pop().value + " ");h = c;}}}System.out.println();}}
实现二叉树的按层遍历
1)宽度优先遍历,用队列
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;public class LevelTraversalBT {public static class Node {public int value;public Node left;public Node right;public Node(int v) {value = v;}}public static void level(Node head) {if (head == null) {return;}Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();queue.add(head);while (!queue.isEmpty()) {Node cur = queue.poll();System.out.println(cur.value);if (cur.left != null) {queue.add(cur.left);}if (cur.right != null) {queue.add(cur.right);}}}}
2)通过设置flag变量的方式,来发现某一层的结束
参考 (求二叉树的最大宽度) 这个题
求二叉树的最大宽度
1)使用map
2)不使用map
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;public class TreeMaxWidth {public static class Node {public int value;public Node left;public Node right;public Node(int data) {this.value = data;}}public static int maxWidthUseMap(Node head) {if (head == null) {return 0;}Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();queue.add(head);// key 在 哪一层,valueHashMap<Node, Integer> levelMap = new HashMap<>();levelMap.put(head, 1);int curLevel = 1; // 当前你正在统计哪一层的宽度int curLevelNodes = 0; // 当前层curLevel层,宽度目前是多少int max = 0;while (!queue.isEmpty()) {Node cur = queue.poll();int curNodeLevel = levelMap.get(cur);if (cur.left != null) {levelMap.put(cur.left, curNodeLevel + 1);queue.add(cur.left);}if (cur.right != null) {levelMap.put(cur.right, curNodeLevel + 1);queue.add(cur.right);}if (curNodeLevel == curLevel) {curLevelNodes++;} else {max = Math.max(max, curLevelNodes);curLevel++;curLevelNodes = 1;}}max = Math.max(max, curLevelNodes);return max;}public static int maxWidthNoMap(Node head) {if (head == null) {return 0;}Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();queue.add(head);Node curEnd = head; // 当前层,最右节点是谁Node nextEnd = null; // 下一层,最右节点是谁int max = 0;int curLevelNodes = 0; // 当前层的节点数while (!queue.isEmpty()) {Node cur = queue.poll();if (cur.left != null) {queue.add(cur.left);nextEnd = cur.left;}if (cur.right != null) {queue.add(cur.right);nextEnd = cur.right;}curLevelNodes++;if (cur == curEnd) {max = Math.max(max, curLevelNodes);curLevelNodes = 0;curEnd = nextEnd;}}return max;}
}
二叉树的序列化和反序列化
1)可以用 先序或者中序或者后序,来实现二叉树的序列化
(用了什么方式序列化,就用什么方式反序列化)
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Stack;public class SerializeAndReconstructTree {/** 二叉树可以通过先序、后序或者按层遍历的方式序列化和反序列化,* 以下代码全部实现了。* 但是,二叉树无法通过中序遍历的方式实现序列化和反序列化* 因为不同的两棵树,可能得到同样的中序序列,即便补了空位置也可能一样。* 比如如下两棵树* __2* /* 1* 和* 1__* \* 2* 补足空位置的中序遍历结果都是{ null, 1, null, 2, null}* * */public static class Node {public int value;public Node left;public Node right;public Node(int data) {this.value = data;}}public static Queue<String> preSerial(Node head) {Queue<String> ans = new LinkedList<>();pres(head, ans);return ans;}public static void pres(Node head, Queue<String> ans) {if (head == null) {ans.add(null);} else {ans.add(String.valueOf(head.value));pres(head.left, ans);pres(head.right, ans);}}public static Queue<String> inSerial(Node head) {Queue<String> ans = new LinkedList<>();ins(head, ans);return ans;}public static void ins(Node head, Queue<String> ans) {if (head == null) {ans.add(null);} else {ins(head.left, ans);ans.add(String.valueOf(head.value));ins(head.right, ans);}}public static Queue<String> posSerial(Node head) {Queue<String> ans = new LinkedList<>();poss(head, ans);return ans;}public static void poss(Node head, Queue<String> ans) {if (head == null) {ans.add(null);} else {poss(head.left, ans);poss(head.right, ans);ans.add(String.valueOf(head.value));}}public static Node buildByPreQueue(Queue<String> prelist) {if (prelist == null || prelist.size() == 0) {return null;}return preb(prelist);}public static Node preb(Queue<String> prelist) {String value = prelist.poll();if (value == null) {return null;}Node head = new Node(Integer.valueOf(value));head.left = preb(prelist);head.right = preb(prelist);return head;}public static Node buildByPosQueue(Queue<String> poslist) {if (poslist == null || poslist.size() == 0) {return null;}// 左右中 -> stack(中右左)Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();while (!poslist.isEmpty()) {stack.push(poslist.poll());}return posb(stack);}public static Node posb(Stack<String> posstack) {String value = posstack.pop();if (value == null) {return null;}Node head = new Node(Integer.valueOf(value));head.right = posb(posstack);head.left = posb(posstack);return head;}
}
2)按层遍历
public class SerializeAndReconstructTree {public static class Node {public int value;public Node left;public Node right;public Node(int data) {this.value = data;}}public static Queue<String> levelSerial(Node head) {Queue<String> ans = new LinkedList<>();if (head == null) {ans.add(null);} else {ans.add(String.valueOf(head.value));Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<Node>();queue.add(head);while (!queue.isEmpty()) {head = queue.poll(); // head 父 子if (head.left != null) {ans.add(String.valueOf(head.left.value));queue.add(head.left);} else {ans.add(null);}if (head.right != null) {ans.add(String.valueOf(head.right.value));queue.add(head.right);} else {ans.add(null);}}}return ans;}public static Node buildByLevelQueue(Queue<String> levelList) {if (levelList == null || levelList.size() == 0) {return null;}Node head = generateNode(levelList.poll());Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<Node>();if (head != null) {queue.add(head);}Node node = null;while (!queue.isEmpty()) {node = queue.poll();node.left = generateNode(levelList.poll());node.right = generateNode(levelList.poll());if (node.left != null) {queue.add(node.left);}if (node.right != null) {queue.add(node.right);}}return head;}public static Node generateNode(String val) {if (val == null) {return null;}return new Node(Integer.valueOf(val));}
}
二叉树有 left、right、parent ,给这样二叉树的某个结点,返回该节点的后继节点
public class SuccessorNode {public static class Node {public int value;public Node left;public Node right;public Node parent;public Node(int data) {this.value = data;}}public static Node getSuccessorNode(Node node) {if (node == null) {return node;}if (node.right != null) {return getLeftMost(node.right);} else { // 无右子树Node parent = node.parent;while (parent != null && parent.right == node) { // 当前节点是其父亲节点右孩子node = parent;parent = node.parent;}return parent;}}public static Node getLeftMost(Node node) {if (node == null) {return node;}while (node.left != null) {node = node.left;}return node;}
}
折纸条
public class PaperFolding {public static void printAllFolds(int N) {process(1, N, true);System.out.println();}// 当前你来了一个节点,脑海中想象的!// 这个节点在第i层,一共有N层,N固定不变的// 这个节点如果是凹的话,down = T// 这个节点如果是凸的话,down = F// 函数的功能:中序打印以你想象的节点为头的整棵树!public static void process(int i, int N, boolean down) {if (i > N) {return;}process(i + 1, N, true);System.out.print(down ? "凹 " : "凸 ");process(i + 1, N, false);}public static void main(String[] args) {int N = 4;printAllFolds(N);}
}