【C#刷题】| 作者 / Edison Zhou
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我们来用之前学到的数据结构知识来刷《剑指Offer》的一些核心题目(精选了其中30+道题目),希望对你有帮助!本文题目为:二叉树中和为某一值的路径。
1题目介绍
题目:输入一棵二叉树和一个整数,打印出二叉树中结点值的和为输入整数的所有路径。从树的根结点开始往下一直到叶结点所经过的结点形成一条路径。例如输入下图中二叉树和整数22,则打印出两条路径,第一条路径包含结点10、12,第二条路径包含结点10、5和7。
二叉树结点的自定义代码如下:
public class BinaryTreeNode
{public int Data { get; set; }public BinaryTreeNode leftChild { get; set; }public BinaryTreeNode rightChild { get; set; }public BinaryTreeNode(int data){this.Data = data;}public BinaryTreeNode(int data, BinaryTreeNode left, BinaryTreeNode right){this.Data = data;this.leftChild = left;this.rightChild = right;}
}
2解题思路与实现
核心思路:
首先,通过下图了解遍历上图中的二叉树的过程:
通过上图可以总结出规律:
(1)当用前序遍历的方式访问到某一结点时,我们把该结点添加到路径上,并累加该结点的值。
(2)如果该结点为叶结点并且路径中结点值的和刚好等于输入的整数,则当前的路径符合要求,我们把它打印出来。如果当前结点不是叶结点,则继续访问它的子结点。
(3)当前结点访问结束后,递归函数将自动回到它的父结点。这里要注意的是:在函数退出之前要在路径上删除当前结点并减去当前结点的值,以确保返回父结点时路径刚好是从根结点到父结点的路径。
代码实现:
public static void FindPath(BinaryTreeNode root, int expectedSum)
{if (root == null){return;}int currentSum = 0;List<int> path = new List<int>();FindPath(root, expectedSum, path, ref currentSum);
}private static void FindPath(BinaryTreeNode root, int expectedSum, List<int> path, ref int currentSum)
{currentSum += root.Data;path.Add(root.Data);// 如果是叶结点,并且路径上结点的和等于输入的值// 打印出这条路径bool isLeaf = root.leftChild == null && root.rightChild == null;if (isLeaf && currentSum == expectedSum){foreach (int data in path){Console.Write("{0}\t", data);}Console.WriteLine();}// 如果不是叶结点,则遍历它的子结点if (root.leftChild != null){FindPath(root.leftChild, expectedSum, path, ref currentSum);}if (root.rightChild != null){FindPath(root.rightChild, expectedSum, path, ref currentSum);}// 在返回到父结点之前,在路径上删除当前结点,// 并在currentSum中减去当前结点的值path.Remove(root.Data);currentSum -= root.Data;
}
3单元测试
测试辅助方法:
private static void TestPortal(string testName, BinaryTreeNode root, int expectedSum)
{if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(testName)){Console.WriteLine("{0} begins:", testName);}FindPath(root, expectedSum);Console.WriteLine();
}private static void SetSubTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode root, BinaryTreeNode lChild, BinaryTreeNode rChild)
{if (root == null){return;}root.leftChild = lChild;root.rightChild = rChild;
}private static void ClearUpTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode root)
{if (root != null){BinaryTreeNode left = root.leftChild;BinaryTreeNode right = root.rightChild;root = null;ClearUpTreeNode(left);ClearUpTreeNode(right);}
}
单元测试用例:
// 10
// / \
// 5 12
// /\
// 4 7
// 有两条路径上的结点和为22
public static void Test1()
{BinaryTreeNode node10 = new BinaryTreeNode(10);BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);BinaryTreeNode node12 = new BinaryTreeNode(12);BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);BinaryTreeNode node7 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);SetSubTreeNode(node10, node5, node12);SetSubTreeNode(node5, node4, node7);Console.WriteLine("Two paths should be found in Test1.");TestPortal("Test1", node10, 22);ClearUpTreeNode(node10);
}// 10
// / \
// 5 12
// /\
// 4 7
// 没有路径上的结点和为15
public static void Test2()
{BinaryTreeNode node10 = new BinaryTreeNode(10);BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);BinaryTreeNode node12 = new BinaryTreeNode(12);BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);BinaryTreeNode node7 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);SetSubTreeNode(node10, node5, node12);SetSubTreeNode(node5, node4, node7);Console.WriteLine("No paths should be found in Test2.");TestPortal("Test2", node10, 15);ClearUpTreeNode(node10);
}// 5
// /
// 4
// /
// 3
// /
// 2
// /
// 1
// 有一条路径上面的结点和为15
public static void Test3()
{BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(3);BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(2);BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(1);node5.leftChild = node4;node4.leftChild = node3;node3.leftChild = node2;node2.leftChild = node1;Console.WriteLine("One path should be found in Test3.");TestPortal("Test3", node5, 15);ClearUpTreeNode(node5);
}// 1
// \
// 2
// \
// 3
// \
// 4
// \
// 5
// 没有路径上面的结点和为16
public static void Test4()
{BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(1);BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(2);BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(3);BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);node1.leftChild = node2;node2.leftChild = node3;node3.leftChild = node4;node4.leftChild = node5;Console.WriteLine("No paths should be found in Test4.");TestPortal("Test4", node1, 16);ClearUpTreeNode(node1);
}// 树中只有1个结点
public static void Test5()
{BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(1);Console.WriteLine("One paths should be found in Test5.");TestPortal("Test5", node1, 1);ClearUpTreeNode(node1);
}// 树中没有结点
public static void Test6()
{Console.WriteLine("No paths should be found in Test6.");TestPortal("Test6", null, 0);
}
测试结果:
测试的结果情况如下图:
Ref参考资料
何海涛,《剑指Offer》
后台回复:剑指offer,即可获得pdf下载链接哟!
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