简介:
RecyclerView是support-v7包中的新组件,是一个强大的滑动组件,与经典的ListView相比,同样拥有item回收复用的功能,但是直接把viewholder的实现封装起来,用户只要实现自己的viewholder就可以了,该组件会自动帮你回收复用每一个item。
它不但变得更精简,也变得更加容易使用,而且更容易组合设计出自己需要的滑动布局。
要使用RecyclerView,请参考 ,其实你也可以只下载一个jar包,添加到自己的libs里就能使用它了,Recycler.jar
使用它的理由:
RecyclerView
is a more advanced and flexible version of ListView
. This widget is a container for large sets of views that can be recycled and scrolled very efficiently. Use the RecyclerView
widget when you have lists with elements that change dynamically.Google官方最近新增加的RecyclerView,据说是ListView的升级版本,本篇博客,首先介绍RecyclerView的用法,然后经行一定的分析;最后自定义一下RecyclerView实现我们需要的相册效果。
1、RecyclerView的基本用法
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent" ><android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerViewandroid:id="@+id/id_recyclerview_horizontal"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="120dp"android:layout_centerVertical="true"android:background="#FF0000"android:scrollbars="none" /></RelativeLayout>
Item的布局文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="120dp"android:layout_height="120dp"android:background="@drawable/item_bg02" ><ImageViewandroid:id="@+id/id_index_gallery_item_image"android:layout_width="80dp"android:layout_height="80dp"android:layout_alignParentTop="true"android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"android:layout_margin="5dp"android:scaleType="centerCrop" /><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/id_index_gallery_item_text"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_below="@id/id_index_gallery_item_image"android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"android:layout_marginBottom="5dp"android:layout_marginTop="5dp"android:textColor="#ff0000"android:text="some info"android:textSize="12dp" /></RelativeLayout>
数据适配器:
package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03;import java.util.List;import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;public class GalleryAdapter extendsRecyclerView.Adapter<GalleryAdapter.ViewHolder>
{private LayoutInflater mInflater;private List<Integer> mDatas;public GalleryAdapter(Context context, List<Integer> datats){mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);mDatas = datats;}public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{public ViewHolder(View arg0){super(arg0);}ImageView mImg;TextView mTxt;}@Overridepublic int getItemCount(){return mDatas.size();}/*** 创建ViewHolder*/@Overridepublic ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup viewGroup, int i){View view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_index_gallery_item,viewGroup, false);ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);viewHolder.mImg = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_image);return viewHolder;}/*** 设置值*/@Overridepublic void onBindViewHolder(final ViewHolder viewHolder, final int i){viewHolder.mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(i));}}
可以看到数据适配器与BaseAdapter比较发生了相当大的变化,主要有3个方法:
getItemCount 这个不用说,获取总的条目数
onCreateViewHolder 创建ViewHolder
onBindViewHolder 将数据绑定至ViewHolder
可见,RecyclerView对ViewHolder也进行了一定的封装,但是如果你仔细观察,你会发出一个疑问,ListView里面有个getView返回View为Item的布局,那么这个Item的样子在哪控制?
其实是这样的,我们创建的ViewHolder必须继承RecyclerView.ViewHolder,这个RecyclerView.ViewHolder的构造时必须传入一个View,这个View相当于我们ListView getView中的convertView (即:我们需要inflate的item布局需要传入)。
还有一点,ListView中convertView是复用的,在RecyclerView中,是把ViewHolder作为缓存的单位了,然后convertView作为ViewHolder的成员变量保持在ViewHolder中,也就是说,假设没有屏幕显示10个条目,则会创建10个ViewHolder缓存起来,每次复用的是ViewHolder,所以他把getView这个方法变为了onCreateViewHolder。有兴趣的自己打印下Log,测试下。
最后在Activity中使用:
package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.Window;public class MainActivity extends Activity
{private RecyclerView mRecyclerView;private GalleryAdapter mAdapter;private List<Integer> mDatas;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);initDatas();//得到控件mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.id_recyclerview_horizontal);//设置布局管理器LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);linearLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);//设置适配器mAdapter = new GalleryAdapter(this, mDatas);mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);}private void initDatas(){mDatas = new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(R.drawable.a,R.drawable.b, R.drawable.c, R.drawable.d, R.drawable.e,R.drawable.f, R.drawable.g, R.drawable.h, R.drawable.l));}}
使用起来也很方便,唯一的区别就是要设置LayoutManager,目前只有一个实现类,就是LinearLayoutManager,可以设置为水平或者垂直。
最后效果图
效果很不错,这就是RecyclerView的基本用法了,但是你会发现一个坑爹的地方,竟然没有提供setOnItemClickListener这个回调,要不要这么坑爹。。。
2、为RecyclerView添加OnItemClickListener回调
虽然它没有提供,但是添加个OnItemClickListener对我们来说还不是小菜一碟~
我决定在Adapter中添加这个回调接口:
package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03;import java.util.List;import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;public class GalleryAdapter extendsRecyclerView.Adapter<GalleryAdapter.ViewHolder>
{/*** ItemClick的回调接口* @author zhy**/public interface OnItemClickLitener{void onItemClick(View view, int position);}private OnItemClickLitener mOnItemClickLitener;public void setOnItemClickLitener(OnItemClickLitener mOnItemClickLitener){this.mOnItemClickLitener = mOnItemClickLitener;}private LayoutInflater mInflater;private List<Integer> mDatas;public GalleryAdapter(Context context, List<Integer> datats){mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);mDatas = datats;}public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{public ViewHolder(View arg0){super(arg0);}ImageView mImg;TextView mTxt;}@Overridepublic int getItemCount(){return mDatas.size();}@Overridepublic ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup viewGroup, int i){View view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_index_gallery_item,viewGroup, false);ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);viewHolder.mImg = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_image);return viewHolder;}@Overridepublic void onBindViewHolder(final ViewHolder viewHolder, final int i){viewHolder.mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(i));//如果设置了回调,则设置点击事件if (mOnItemClickLitener != null){viewHolder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){@Overridepublic void onClick(View v){mOnItemClickLitener.onItemClick(viewHolder.itemView, i);}});}}}
很简单,创建一个接口,提供一个设置入口,然后在onBindViewHolder中判断即可。
最后在主Activity中设置监听:
mAdapter = new GalleryAdapter(this, mDatas);mAdapter.setOnItemClickLitener(new OnItemClickLitener(){@Overridepublic void onItemClick(View view, int position){Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, position+"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}});mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
好了,这样就行了,看效果图:
效果还是不错的,接下来我想改成相册效果,即上面显示一张大图,下面的RecyclerView做为图片切换的指示器。
3、自定义RecyclerView实现滚动时内容联动
首先修改下布局:
布局文件:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:orientation="vertical" ><FrameLayoutandroid:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="0dp"android:layout_weight="1" ><ImageViewandroid:id="@+id/id_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:layout_gravity="center"android:layout_margin="10dp"android:scaleType="centerCrop"android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" /></FrameLayout><com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03.MyRecyclerViewandroid:id="@+id/id_recyclerview_horizontal"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="120dp"android:layout_gravity="bottom"android:background="#FF0000"android:scrollbars="none" /></LinearLayout>
添加一个显示大图的区域,把RecyclerView改为自己定义的。
然后看我们自定义RecyclerView的代码:
package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03;import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;public class CopyOfMyRecyclerView extends RecyclerView
{public CopyOfMyRecyclerView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs){super(context, attrs);}private View mCurrentView;/*** 滚动时回调的接口*/private OnItemScrollChangeListener mItemScrollChangeListener;public void setOnItemScrollChangeListener(OnItemScrollChangeListener mItemScrollChangeListener){this.mItemScrollChangeListener = mItemScrollChangeListener;}public interface OnItemScrollChangeListener{void onChange(View view, int position);}@Overrideprotected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b){super.onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);mCurrentView = getChildAt(0);if (mItemScrollChangeListener != null){mItemScrollChangeListener.onChange(mCurrentView,getChildPosition(mCurrentView));}}@Overridepublic boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e){if (e.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE){mCurrentView = getChildAt(0);// Log.e("TAG", getChildPosition(getChildAt(0)) + "");if (mItemScrollChangeListener != null){mItemScrollChangeListener.onChange(mCurrentView,getChildPosition(mCurrentView));}}return super.onTouchEvent(e);}}
定义了一个滚动时回调的接口,然后在onTouchEvent中,监听ACTION_MOVE,用户手指滑动时,不断把当前第一个View回调回去~
关于我咋知道getChildAt(0)和getChildPosition()可用,起初我以为有getFirstVisibleItem这个方法,后来发现么有;但是发现了getRecycledViewPool()看名字我觉得是Viewholder那个缓存队列,我想那么直接取这个队列的第一个不就是我要的View么,后来没有成功。我就观察它内部的View,最后发现,第一个显示的始终是它第一个child,至于getChildPosition这个看方法就看出来了。
现在的效果:
和我之前那个例子的效果是一模一样的,不过,我还想做一些改变,我觉得Gallery或者说相册的指示器,下面可能1000来张图片,我不仅喜欢手指在屏幕上滑动时,图片会自动切换。我还希望,如果我给指示器一个加速度,即使手指离开,下面还在滑动,上面也会联动 。而且我还想做些优化,直接在ACTION_MOVE中回调,触发的频率太高了,理论上一张图片只会触发一次~~
4、优化与打造真正的Gallery效果
既然希望手指离开还能联动,那么不仅需要ACTION_MOVE需要监听,还得监听一个加速度,速度到达一定值,然后继续移动~~再理一理,需要这么麻烦么,不是能滚动么,那么应该有OnScrollListener啊,小看一把,果然有,哈哈哈~天助我也,下面看修改后的代码:
package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03;import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.OnScrollListener;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;public class MyRecyclerView extends RecyclerView implements OnScrollListener
{/*** 记录当前第一个View*/private View mCurrentView;private OnItemScrollChangeListener mItemScrollChangeListener;public void setOnItemScrollChangeListener(OnItemScrollChangeListener mItemScrollChangeListener){this.mItemScrollChangeListener = mItemScrollChangeListener;}public interface OnItemScrollChangeListener{void onChange(View view, int position);}public MyRecyclerView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs){super(context, attrs);// TODO Auto-generated constructor stubthis.setOnScrollListener(this);}@Overrideprotected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b){super.onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);mCurrentView = getChildAt(0);if (mItemScrollChangeListener != null){mItemScrollChangeListener.onChange(mCurrentView,getChildPosition(mCurrentView));}}@Overridepublic void onScrollStateChanged(int arg0){}/*** * 滚动时,判断当前第一个View是否发生变化,发生才回调*/@Overridepublic void onScrolled(int arg0, int arg1){View newView = getChildAt(0);if (mItemScrollChangeListener != null){if (newView != null && newView != mCurrentView){mCurrentView = newView ;mItemScrollChangeListener.onChange(mCurrentView,getChildPosition(mCurrentView));}}}}
我放弃了重写onTouchEvent方法,而是让这个类实现RecyclerView.OnScrollListener接口,然后设置监听,在onScrolled里面进行判断。
至于优化:我使用了一个成员变化存储当前第一个View,只有第一个View发生变化时才回调~~太完美了~
看MainActivity:
package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;import com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03.GalleryAdapter.OnItemClickLitener;
import com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview03.MyRecyclerView.OnItemScrollChangeListener;public class MainActivity extends Activity
{private MyRecyclerView mRecyclerView;private GalleryAdapter mAdapter;private List<Integer> mDatas;private ImageView mImg ; @Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);mImg = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.id_content);mDatas = new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(R.drawable.a,R.drawable.b, R.drawable.c, R.drawable.d, R.drawable.e,R.drawable.f, R.drawable.g, R.drawable.h, R.drawable.l));mRecyclerView = (MyRecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.id_recyclerview_horizontal);LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);linearLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);mAdapter = new GalleryAdapter(this, mDatas);mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);mRecyclerView.setOnItemScrollChangeListener(new OnItemScrollChangeListener(){@Overridepublic void onChange(View view, int position){mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position));};});mAdapter.setOnItemClickLitener(new OnItemClickLitener(){@Overridepublic void onItemClick(View view, int position){
// Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), position + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
// .show();mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position));}});}}
代码没什么变化~多了个设置回调~
效果图:
可以看到不仅支持手机在上面移动时的变化,如果我给了一个加速度,下面持续滚动,上面也会持续变化~~大赞~每张图片回调一次,效率也相当不错。
好了,看完这边博客,相信大家对于RecyclerView有了一定的认识,甚至对于如何改造一个控件也多了一份了解~~