事件模型是被广泛使用的好东西,但是C++标准库里没有现成的,其他实现又复杂或者不优雅,比如需要使用宏。现在VC11可以用在XP下了,那么就痛快的拿起C++11提供的先进设施组合出一个轻便的实现吧。
为了达到简洁的目的,需要放弃一些特性:
1、不支持判断函数是否已经绑定过(因为std::function不提供比较方法,自己实现function的话代码又变多了)
2、需要使用者接收返回的回调函数标识来移除事件绑定(原因同上)
3、事件没有返回值,不支持回调函数优先级、条件回调等事件高级特性(比如返回所有处理结果中的最大最小值;只回调与指定参数匹配的事件处理函数)
4、事件参数理论上无限,实际上有限,一般支持0~10个参数(VC11还没有支持变长模板参数,GCC有了。不过可以通过缺省模板参数和偏特化来模拟,所以理论上无限制)
5、不是线程安全的
注:3、5两条可以通过引入策略模式来提供灵活支持,就像标准库和Loki做的那样,实现一个完整的事件机制。
最简单的实现
1 #include <map> 2 #include <functional> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 7 template<class Param1, class Param2> 8 class Event 9 { 10 typedef void HandlerT(Param1, Param2); 11 int m_handlerId; 12 13 public: 14 Event() : m_handlerId(0) {} 15 16 template<class FuncT> int addHandler(FuncT func) 17 { 18 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, forward<FuncT>(func)); 19 return m_handlerId++; 20 } 21 22 void removeHandler(int handlerId) 23 { 24 m_handlers.erase(handlerId); 25 } 26 27 void operator ()(Param1 arg1, Param2 arg2) 28 { 29 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 30 i.second(arg1, arg2); 31 } 32 33 private: 34 map<int, function<HandlerT>> m_handlers; 35 };
addHandler把回调函数完美转发给std::function,让标准库来搞定各种重载,然后返回一个标识符用来注销绑定。试一下,工作的不错:
1 void f1(int, int) 2 { 3 puts("f1()"); 4 } 5 6 struct F2 7 { 8 void f(int, int) 9 { 10 puts("f2()"); 11 } 12 13 void operator ()(int, int) 14 { 15 puts("f3()"); 16 } 17 }; 18 19 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 20 { 21 Event<int, int> e; 22 23 int id = e.addHandler(f1); 24 25 e.removeHandler(id); 26 27 using namespace std::placeholders; 28 29 F2 f2; 30 31 e.addHandler(bind(&F2::f, f2, _1, _2)); 32 e.addHandler(bind(f2, _1, _2)); 33 34 e.addHandler([](int, int) { 35 puts("f4()"); 36 }); 37 38 e(1, 2); 39 40 return 0; 41 }
虽然这里有一个小小的缺点,对于仿函数,如果想使用它的指针或引用是不可以直接绑定的,需要这样做:
1 e.addHandler(ref(f2)); 2 e.addHandler(ref(*pf2)); // pf2是指向f2的指针
但是使用仿函数对象指针的情形不多,也不差多敲几个字符,何况在有Lambda表达式的情况下呢?
改进
1、有人不喜欢bind,用起来麻烦,放到addhandler里面去:
1 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 2 { 3 using namespace std::placeholders; 4 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2)); 5 return m_handlerId++; 6 }
2、扩展参数个数。没有变长模板参数,变通一下:
1 struct NullType {}; 2 3 template<class P1 = Private::NullType, class P2 = Private::NullType> 4 class Event 5 { 6 public: 7 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 8 { 9 using namespace std::placeholders; 10 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2)); 11 return m_handlerId++; 12 } 13 14 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2) 15 { 16 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 17 i.second(arg1, arg2); 18 } 19 }; 20 21 template<> 22 class Event<Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 23 { 24 public: 25 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 26 { 27 using namespace std::placeholders; 28 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj))); 29 return m_handlerId++; 30 } 31 32 void operator ()() 33 { 34 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 35 i.second(); 36 } 37 }; 38 39 template<class P1> 40 class Event<P1, Private::NullType> 41 { 42 public: 43 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 44 { 45 using namespace std::placeholders; 46 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1)); 47 return m_handlerId++; 48 } 49 50 void operator ()(P1 arg1) 51 { 52 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 53 i.second(arg1); 54 } 55 };
现在支持0~2个参数了。注意到各个模板里有公共代码,提取出来放进基类,然后要做的就是打开文本生成器了
补充一下:VC里std::function默认最多5个参数,最多支持10个,要在编译开关里设置一下宏_VARIADIC_MAX=10
完整代码
代码下载
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <map> 4 #include <functional> 5 6 7 namespace Utility 8 { 9 namespace Private 10 { 11 struct NullType {}; 12 13 template<class HandlerT> 14 class EventBase 15 { 16 public: 17 EventBase() : m_handlerId(0) {} 18 19 template<class FuncT> int addHandler(FuncT func) 20 { 21 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::forward<FuncT>(func)); 22 return m_handlerId++; 23 } 24 25 void removeHandler(int handlerId) 26 { 27 m_handlers.erase(handlerId); 28 } 29 30 protected: 31 int m_handlerId; 32 std::map<int, std::function<HandlerT>> m_handlers; 33 }; 34 } 35 36 template<class P1 = Private::NullType, class P2 = Private::NullType, class P3 = Private::NullType, class P4 = Private::NullType, class P5 = Private::NullType, class P6 = Private::NullType, class P7 = Private::NullType, class P8 = Private::NullType, class P9 = Private::NullType, class P10 = Private::NullType> 37 class Event 38 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10)> 39 { 40 public: 41 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10)>::addHandler; 42 43 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 44 { 45 using namespace std::placeholders; 46 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10)); 47 return m_handlerId++; 48 } 49 50 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4, P5 arg5, P6 arg6, P7 arg7, P8 arg8, P9 arg9, P10 arg10) 51 { 52 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 53 i.second(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8, arg9, arg10); 54 } 55 }; 56 57 template<> 58 class Event<Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 59 : public Private::EventBase<void ()> 60 { 61 public: 62 using Private::EventBase<void ()>::addHandler; 63 64 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT const obj, FuncT func) 65 { 66 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, obj)); 67 return m_handlerId++; 68 } 69 70 void operator ()() 71 { 72 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 73 i.second(); 74 } 75 }; 76 77 template<class P1> 78 class Event<P1, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 79 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1)> 80 { 81 public: 82 using Private::EventBase<void (P1)>::addHandler; 83 84 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 85 { 86 using namespace std::placeholders; 87 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1)); 88 return m_handlerId++; 89 } 90 91 void operator ()(P1 arg1) 92 { 93 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 94 i.second(arg1); 95 } 96 }; 97 98 template<class P1, class P2> 99 class Event<P1, P2, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 100 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2)> 101 { 102 public: 103 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2)>::addHandler; 104 105 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 106 { 107 using namespace std::placeholders; 108 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2)); 109 return m_handlerId++; 110 } 111 112 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2) 113 { 114 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 115 i.second(arg1, arg2); 116 } 117 }; 118 119 template<class P1, class P2, class P3> 120 class Event<P1, P2, P3, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 121 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3)> 122 { 123 public: 124 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3)>::addHandler; 125 126 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 127 { 128 using namespace std::placeholders; 129 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2, _3)); 130 return m_handlerId++; 131 } 132 133 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3) 134 { 135 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 136 i.second(arg1, arg2, arg3); 137 } 138 }; 139 140 template<class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4> 141 class Event<P1, P2, P3, P4, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 142 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4)> 143 { 144 public: 145 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4)>::addHandler; 146 147 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 148 { 149 using namespace std::placeholders; 150 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2, _3, _4)); 151 return m_handlerId++; 152 } 153 154 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4) 155 { 156 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 157 i.second(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4); 158 } 159 }; 160 161 template<class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5> 162 class Event<P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 163 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)> 164 { 165 public: 166 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5)>::addHandler; 167 168 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 169 { 170 using namespace std::placeholders; 171 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2, _3, _4, _5)); 172 return m_handlerId++; 173 } 174 175 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4, P5 arg5) 176 { 177 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 178 i.second(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5); 179 } 180 }; 181 182 template<class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6> 183 class Event<P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 184 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6)> 185 { 186 public: 187 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6)>::addHandler; 188 189 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 190 { 191 using namespace std::placeholders; 192 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6)); 193 return m_handlerId++; 194 } 195 196 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4, P5 arg5, P6 arg6) 197 { 198 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 199 i.second(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6); 200 } 201 }; 202 203 template<class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7> 204 class Event<P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, Private::NullType, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 205 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7)> 206 { 207 public: 208 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7)>::addHandler; 209 210 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 211 { 212 using namespace std::placeholders; 213 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7)); 214 return m_handlerId++; 215 } 216 217 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4, P5 arg5, P6 arg6, P7 arg7) 218 { 219 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 220 i.second(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7); 221 } 222 }; 223 224 template<class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class P8> 225 class Event<P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, Private::NullType, Private::NullType> 226 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8)> 227 { 228 public: 229 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8)>::addHandler; 230 231 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 232 { 233 using namespace std::placeholders; 234 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8)); 235 return m_handlerId++; 236 } 237 238 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4, P5 arg5, P6 arg6, P7 arg7, P8 arg8) 239 { 240 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 241 i.second(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8); 242 } 243 }; 244 245 template<class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class P8, class P9> 246 class Event<P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, Private::NullType> 247 : public Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9)> 248 { 249 public: 250 using Private::EventBase<void (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9)>::addHandler; 251 252 template<class ObjT, class FuncT> int addHandler(ObjT obj, FuncT func) 253 { 254 using namespace std::placeholders; 255 m_handlers.emplace(m_handlerId, std::bind(func, std::forward<ObjT>(obj), _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9)); 256 return m_handlerId++; 257 } 258 259 void operator ()(P1 arg1, P2 arg2, P3 arg3, P4 arg4, P5 arg5, P6 arg6, P7 arg7, P8 arg8, P9 arg9) 260 { 261 for ( const auto& i : m_handlers ) 262 i.second(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8, arg9); 263 } 264 }; 265 266 267 } // namespace Utility
测试代码
各种绑定方式
1 #include "Event.h" 2 3 using namespace std; 4 5 6 void f1(int, int) 7 { 8 puts("f1()"); 9 } 10 11 struct F2 12 { 13 F2() { puts("F2 construct"); } 14 F2(const F2 &) { puts("F2 copy"); } 15 F2(F2 &&) { puts("F2 move"); } 16 F2& operator=(const F2 &) { puts("F2 copy assign"); return *this; } 17 F2& operator=(F2 &&) { puts("F2 move assign"); return *this; } 18 19 void f(int, int) 20 { 21 puts("f2()"); 22 } 23 24 void fc(int, int) const 25 { 26 puts("f2c()"); 27 } 28 }; 29 30 struct F3 31 { 32 F3() { puts("F3 construct"); } 33 F3(const F3 &) { puts("F3 copy"); } 34 F3(F3 &&) { puts("F3 move"); } 35 F3& operator=(const F3 &) { puts("F3 copy assign"); return *this; } 36 F3& operator=(F3 &&) { puts("F3 move assign"); return *this; } 37 38 void operator ()(int, int) const 39 { 40 puts("f3()"); 41 } 42 }; 43 44 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 45 { 46 Utility::Event<int, int> e; 47 48 // 一般函数 49 e.addHandler(f1); 50 51 int id = e.addHandler(&f1); 52 e.removeHandler(id); // 移除事件处理函数 53 54 55 // 成员函数 56 using namespace std::placeholders; 57 58 F2 f2; 59 const F2 *pf2 = &f2; 60 61 e.addHandler(bind(&F2::f, &f2, _1, _2)); // std::bind 62 e.addHandler(&f2, &F2::f); 63 64 e.addHandler(pf2, &F2::fc); // 常量指针 65 66 puts("----addHandler(f2, &F2::f)----"); 67 e.addHandler(f2, &F2::f); // 对象拷贝构造 68 69 puts("----addHandler(F2(), &F2::f)----"); 70 e.addHandler(F2(), &F2::f); // 对象转移构造 71 72 puts("--------"); 73 74 75 // 仿函数 76 F3 f3; 77 const F3 *pf3 = &f3; 78 79 puts("----addHandler(f3)----"); 80 e.addHandler(f3); // 对象拷贝构造 81 82 puts("----addHandler(F3())----"); 83 e.addHandler(F3()); // 对象转移构造 84 puts("--------"); 85 86 e.addHandler(ref(f3)); // 引用仿函数对象 87 e.addHandler(ref(*pf3)); // 引用仿函数常量对象 88 89 puts("--------"); 90 91 // Lambda表达式 92 e.addHandler([](int, int) { 93 puts("f4()"); 94 }); 95 96 // 激发事件 97 e(1, 2); 98 99 return 0; 100 }