资料

GitHub: https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy

YARP 文档：https://microsoft.github.io/reverse-proxy/articles/getting-started.html

主动和被动健康检查： https://microsoft.github.io/reverse-proxy/articles/dests-health-checks.html#active-health-check

gRpc：https://microsoft.github.io/reverse-proxy/articles/grpc.html

实战项目概览

Yarp Gateway 示意图

共享类库

创建一个 .Net6.0 的类库，项目名称：Artisan.Shared.Hosting.AspNetCore，其它项目公用方法放在这个项目。

Serilog 日志

需要的包：

<PackageReference Include="Serilog.AspNetCore" Version="5.0.0" /><PackageReference Include="Serilog.Sinks.Async" Version="1.5.0" /><PackageReference Include="Serilog.Sinks.Console" Version="4.0.1" /><PackageReference Include="Serilog.Sinks.File" Version="5.0.0" />

代码清单：Artisan.Shared.Hosting.AspNetCore/SerilogConfigurationHelper.cs

using Serilog;
using Serilog.Events;namespace Artisan.Shared.Hosting.AspNetCore;public static class SerilogConfigurationHelper{public static void Configure(string applicationName){Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()#if DEBUG.MinimumLevel.Debug()#else.MinimumLevel.Information()#endif.MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft", LogEventLevel.Information).MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore", LogEventLevel.Warning).Enrich.FromLogContext().Enrich.WithProperty("Application", $"{applicationName}").WriteTo.Async(c => c.File($"{AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory}/Logs/logs.txt")).WriteTo.Async(c => c.Console()).CreateLogger();}
}

创建服务

IdentityService

创建一个【AspNetCore Web Api】项目，项目名称为：IdentityService

Program

代码清单：IdentityService/Program.cs

using Artisan.Shared.Hosting.AspNetCore;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using Serilog;namespace IdentityService;public class Program{public static int Main(string[] args){var assemblyName = typeof(Program).Assembly.GetName().Name;SerilogConfigurationHelper.Configure(assemblyName);try{Log.Information($"Starting {assemblyName}.");var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);builder.Host.UseSerilog();builder.Services.AddControllers(); //Web MVCbuilder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(options =>{options.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "Identity Service", Version = "v1" });options.DocInclusionPredicate((docName, description) => true);options.CustomSchemaIds(type => type.FullName);});var app = builder.Build();            if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment()){app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();}app.UseRouting();app.UseSwagger();app.UseSwaggerUI();app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>{endpoints.MapControllers(); //Web MVC});app.Run();            return 0;}catch (Exception ex){Log.Fatal(ex, $"{assemblyName} terminated unexpectedly!");            return 1;}finally{Log.CloseAndFlush();}}
}

其中：

SerilogConfigurationHelper.Configure(assemblyName);

是配置 Serilog 日志：引用上面创建的共享项目：【Artisan.Shared.Hosting.AspNetCore】

User 实体

代码清单：IdentityService/Models/User.cs

public class User{public int Id { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }}

UserController

代码清单：IdentityService/Controlles/UserController.cs

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using IdentityService.Models;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace IdentityService.Controllers
{[ApiController][Route("/api/identity/users")]public class UserController : Controller{private readonly ILogger<UserController> _logger;private static List<User> Users = new List<User>(){new User(){ Id = 1, Name = "Jack"},new User(){ Id = 2, Name = "Tom"},new User(){ Id = 3, Name = "Franck"},new User(){ Id = 4, Name = "Tony"},};public UserController(ILogger<UserController> logger){_logger = logger;}[HttpGet]public async Task<List<User>>  GetAllAsync(){            return await Task.Run(() => { return Users; });}[HttpGet][Route("{id}")]public async Task<User> GetAsync(int id){            return await Task.Run(() =>{var entity = Users.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);                if (entity == null){throw new Exception($"未找到用户:{id}");}                return entity;});}[HttpPost]public async Task<User> CreateAsync(User user){            return await Task.Run(() =>{Users.Add(user);                return user;});}[HttpPut][Route("{id}")]public async Task<User> UpdateAsync(int id, User user){            return await Task.Run(() =>{var entity = Users.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);                if(entity == null){throw new Exception($"未找到用户:{id}");}entity.Name = user.Name;                return entity;});}[HttpDelete][Route("{id}")]public async Task<User> DeleteAsync(int id){            return await Task.Run(() =>{var entity = Users.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);                if (entity == null){throw new Exception($"未找到用户:{id}");}Users.Remove(entity);                return entity;});}}
}

OrderService

创建一个【AspNetCore Web Api】项目，项目名称为：OrderService

Program

代码清单：OrderService/Program.cs

using Artisan.Shared.Hosting.AspNetCore;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using Serilog;namespace OrderService;
public class Program{public static int Main(string[] args){var assemblyName = typeof(Program).Assembly.GetName().Name;SerilogConfigurationHelper.Configure(assemblyName);try{Log.Information($"Starting {assemblyName}.");var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);builder.Host.UseSerilog();builder.Services.AddControllers(); //Web MVCbuilder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(options =>{options.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "Order Service", Version = "v1" });options.DocInclusionPredicate((docName, description) => true);options.CustomSchemaIds(type => type.FullName);});var app = builder.Build();            if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment()){app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();}app.UseRouting();app.UseSwagger();app.UseSwaggerUI();app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>{endpoints.MapControllers(); //Web MVC});app.Run();            return 0;}catch (Exception ex){Log.Fatal(ex, $"{assemblyName} terminated unexpectedly!");            return 1;}finally{Log.CloseAndFlush();}}
}

Order 实体

代码清单：OrderService/Models/Order.cs

public class Order{public string Id { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }}

OrderController

代码清单：OrderService/Controlles/OrderController.cs

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using OrderService.Models;
using System.Diagnostics;namespace OrderService.Controllers
{[ApiController][Route("/api/ordering/orders")]public class OrderController : Controller{private readonly ILogger<OrderController> _logger;private static List<Order> Orders = new List<Order>(){new Order(){ Id = "1", Name = "Order #1"},new Order(){ Id = "2", Name = "Order #2"},new Order(){ Id = "3", Name = "Order #3"},new Order(){ Id = "4", Name = "Order #4"},};public OrderController(ILogger<OrderController> logger){_logger = logger;}[HttpGet]public async Task<List<Order>> GetAllAsync(){            return await Task.Run(() =>{                return Orders;});}[HttpGet][Route("{id}")]public async Task<Order> GetAsync(string id){            return await Task.Run(() =>{var entity = Orders.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);                if (entity == null){throw new Exception($"未找到订单:{id}");}                return entity;});}[HttpPost]public async Task<Order> CreateAsync(Order order){            return await Task.Run(() =>{Orders.Add(order);                return order;});}[HttpPut][Route("{id}")]public async Task<Order> UpdateAsync(string id, Order Order){            return await Task.Run(() =>{var entity = Orders.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);                if (entity == null){throw new Exception($"未找到订单:{id}");}entity.Name = Order.Name;                return entity;});}[HttpDelete][Route("{id}")]public async Task<Order> DeleteAsync(string id){            return await Task.Run(() =>{var entity = Orders.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == id);                if (entity == null){throw new Exception($"未找到订单:{id}");}Orders.Remove(entity);                return entity;});}}
}

创建网关

创建一个【AspNetCore 空】项目，项目名称为：YarpGateway

引用包

<PackageReference Include="Yarp.ReverseProxy" Version="1.1.0" />

添加 Yarp

代码清单：YarpGateway/Program.cs

using Artisan.Shared.Hosting.AspNetCore;
using Serilog;
using YarpGateway.Extensions;namespace YarpGateway;public class Program{public static  int Main(string[] args){var assemblyName = typeof(Program).Assembly.GetName().Name;SerilogConfigurationHelper.Configure(assemblyName);try{Log.Information($"Starting {assemblyName}.");var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);builder.Host.UseSerilog().AddYarpJson(); // 添加Yarp的配置文件// 添加Yarp反向代理ReverseProxybuilder.Services.AddReverseProxy().LoadFromConfig(builder.Configuration.GetSection("ReverseProxy"));var app = builder.Build();app.UseRouting();app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>{                // 添加Yarp终端Endpointsendpoints.MapReverseProxy();});app.Run();            return 0;}catch (Exception ex){Log.Fatal(ex, $"{assemblyName} terminated unexpectedly!");            return 1;}finally{Log.CloseAndFlush();}}
}

其中：

方法AddYarpJson() 是为了把 Yarp 的有关配置从appsetting.json独立处理，避免配置文件很长很长，其代码如下：

代码清单：YarpGateway/Extensions/GatewayHostBuilderExtensions.cs

namespace YarpGateway.Extensions;public static class GatewayHostBuilderExtensions{ public const string AppYarpJsonPath = "yarp.json";public static IHostBuilder AddYarpJson(this IHostBuilder hostBuilder,        bool optional = true,        bool reloadOnChange = true,        string path = AppYarpJsonPath){        return hostBuilder.ConfigureAppConfiguration((_, builder) =>{builder.AddJsonFile(path: AppYarpJsonPath,optional: optional,reloadOnChange: reloadOnChange).AddEnvironmentVariables();});}
}

其中：

reloadOnChange = true 保证配置文件修改时， Yarp 能重新读取配置文件。

添加 Yarp配置文件 : yarp.json

记得保证文件的属性：

复制到输出目录：如果内容较新则复制
生成操作：内容

代码清单：YarpGateway/yarp.json

{  "ReverseProxy": {    "Routes": {      "Identity Service": {        "ClusterId": "identityCluster",        "Match": {          "Path": "/api/identity/{**everything}"}},      "Ordering Service": {        "ClusterId": "orderingCluster",        "Match": {          "Path": "/api/ordering/{**everything}"}}},    "Clusters": {      "identityCluster": {        "Destinations": {          "destination1": {            "Address": "http://localhost:7711"}}},      "orderingCluster": {        "Destinations": {          "destination1": {            "Address": "http://localhost:7721"}          "destination2": {            "Address": "http://localhost:7722"}}}}}
}

运行

Yarp Gateway 示意图：

启动网关

在项目的bin/net6.0目录下打开 CMD，执行如下命令启动网关:

dotnet YarpGateway.dll --urls "http://localhost:7700"

监听端口：7700

IdentityService

在项目的bin/net6.0目录下打开 CMD，执行如下命令启动 Web API 服务:

dotnet IdentityService.dll --urls "http://localhost:7711"

监听端口：7711

OrderService

开启两个 OrderServcie 的进程，

在 bin/net6.0目录下打开 CMD，执行如下命令启动 Web API 服务:

第一个监听端口：7721

dotnet OrderService.dll --urls "http://localhost:7721"

第二个监听端口：7722

dotnet OrderService.dll --urls "http://localhost:7722"

测试

路由功能

打开 PostMan，创建调用服务的各种请求。

IdentityService

创建 GET 请求调用网关： http://localhost:7700/api/identity/users

请求会被转发到 IdentityService的集群节点：http://localhost:7711/api/identity/users

OrderService

创建 GET 请求调用网关： http://localhost:7700/api/ordering/orders

请求会被转发到 OrderService 的集群中如下某个节点中的一个：

http://localhost:7721/api/ordering/orders
http://localhost:7722/api/ordering/orders

支持请求类型

Tips:
由于是两个服务，每个服务的进程都是独立的，数据也是独立，数据并没有共享，故测试结果可能不是你所预期的，比如：
第一步：增加数据，这次是由第一个服务处理的；
第二步：查询数据，如果这次查询是由第二个服务器处理的话，就会找不到刚才新增的数据。
当然在实际开发中，我们的数据都是从同一个数据库中读取，不会出现数据不一致的情况。

HTTP 1.0 / 2.0

创建 GET 请求： http://localhost:7700/api/ordering/orders/1

创建 POST 请求： http://localhost:7700/api/ordering/orders 参数：

{"id":"10","name":"Order #100"}

创建 PUT 请求： http://localhost:7700/api/ordering/orders/10 参数：

{"id":"10","name":"Order #100-1"
}

创建 DELETE 请求： http://localhost:7700/api/ordering/orders/10

结论

上述4种 HTTP 请求都支持。

gRpc

待测试...

结论

支持 gRpc

新增集群服务节点

Yarp 支持动态添加服务集群服务节点，只要在配置文件 yarp.json, 添加新的服务配置，Yarp会自动加载新的服务节点：

代码清单：yarp.json

{"ReverseProxy": {"Routes": {"Identity Service": {"ClusterId": "identityCluster","Match": {"Path": "/api/identity/{**everything}"}},...    },"Clusters": {"orderingCluster": {"Destinations": {"destination1": {"Address": "http://localhost:7721"},+          "destination2": {+            "Address": "http://localhost:7722"+          }}}}}}

添加上述配置后，会看到如下日志信息：

14:51:11 DBG] Destination 'destination2' has been added.
[14:51:11 DBG] Existing client reused for cluster 'orderingCluster'.

结论

Yarp 会重新加载配置，使得新增的集群新服务节点生效。

删除集群服务节点

删除集群下的某个服务节点

-          "destination2": {
-            "Address": "http://localhost:7722"-          }

Yarp 会重新加载配置，该集群服务节点被删除。

[14:41:26 DBG] Destination 'destination2' has been removed.
[14:41:26 DBG] Existing client reused for cluster 'orderingCluster'.

结论

Yarp 会重新加载配置，使得被删除的集群服务节点配置失效。

某集群节点因故障离线

把监听7722端口的服务终止，请求还是会发送到这个端口程序上！！！

结论

Yarp 默认不会做健康检查

相关：
主动和被动健康检查： https://microsoft.github.io/reverse-proxy/articles/dests-health-checks.html#active-health-check

完成上一节的练习后，还遗留了一个问题：
如何通过 YarpGateway 访问内部服务的Swagger呢？

问题：无法访问内部服务 Swagger

外部访问 IdentityService 和 OrderService 是通过网关：YarpGateway 访问的，使用者这个并不知道这个两个服务的具体地址，也就是不知道如何访问它们的 Swagger，那么：

如何通过 YarpGateway 访问这两个服务的Swagger呢？

实现原理

使用网关内部服务的 Swagger 信息，其地址为：

http://ip:port/swagger/v1/swagger.json

例如，OrderService 服务的 Swagger 信息为：

http://localhost:7721/swagger/v1/swagger.json

在网关中使用内部服务的 Swagger 终点，再注册 Swagger 终点。

访问 OrderService 服务的 Swagger 信息地址：http://localhost:7711/swagger/v1/swagger.json

返回如下信息：(只列举部分数据)

{"openapi": "3.0.1","info": {"title": "Identity Service","version": "v1"},"paths": {"/api/identity/users": {"get": {"tags": ["User"],"responses": {"200": {"description": "Success","content": {"text/plain": {"schema": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/IdentityService.Models.User"}}},"application/json": {"schema": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/IdentityService.Models.User"}}},"text/json": {"schema": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/IdentityService.Models.User"}}}}}}},.....

内部服务支持跨域

网关要请求内部服务的Swagger 信息，这是跨域请求，所以要求两个服务支持对网关的跨域请求。

在IdentityService 和 OrderService 项目中都做如下修改：

添加跨域配置

在 appsettins.json 文件中添加跨域配置：

{"App": {"CorsOrigins": "http://localhost:7700"      // 网关地址，支持网关的Yarp gatewary跨域请求}}

其中，这个地址http://localhost:7700 就是网关的地址。

支持跨域

修改 Program.cs文件：

代码清单：IdentityService/Program.cs
代码清单：OrderService/Program.cs

......IConfiguration configuration = builder.Configuration;builder.Services.AddCors(options =>{options.AddDefaultPolicy(builder =>{builder.WithOrigins(configuration["App:CorsOrigins"].Split(",", StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).ToArray()).SetIsOriginAllowedToAllowWildcardSubdomains().AllowAnyHeader().AllowAnyMethod().AllowCredentials();});});
......app.UseRouting();+          app.UseCors();  // 添加跨域支持app.UseSwagger();app.UseSwaggerUI();
.....

网关添加 Swagger

在网关项目【YarpGateway】中做如下修改：

代码清单：YarpGateway/Program.cs

builder.Services.AddControllers(); //Web MVC......builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(options =>{options.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "Gateway", Version = "v1" });options.DocInclusionPredicate((docName, description) => true);options.CustomSchemaIds(type => type.FullName);});......            // 添加内部服务的Swagger终点app.UseSwaggerUIWithYarp();            //访问网关地址，自动跳转到 /swagger 的首页app.UseRewriter(new RewriteOptions() // Regex for "", "/" and "" (whitespace).AddRedirect("^(|\\|\\s+)$", "/swagger"));app.UseRouting();

其中，调用方法 app.UseSwaggerUIWithYarp(); 的目的是：添加内部服务的Swagger终点，其代码如下：

代码清单：YarpGateway/Extensions/YarpSwaggerUIBuilderExtensions.cs

using Yarp.ReverseProxy.Configuration;namespace YarpGateway.Extensions;
public static class YarpSwaggerUIBuilderExtensions{public static IApplicationBuilder UseSwaggerUIWithYarp(this IApplicationBuilder app){var serviceProvider = app.ApplicationServices;app.UseSwagger();app.UseSwaggerUI(options =>{var configuration = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();var logger = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();var proxyConfigProvider = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IProxyConfigProvider>();var yarpConfig = proxyConfigProvider.GetConfig();var routedClusters = yarpConfig.Clusters.SelectMany(t => t.Destinations,(clusterId, destination) => new { clusterId.ClusterId, destination.Value });var groupedClusters = routedClusters.GroupBy(q => q.Value.Address).Select(t => t.First()).Distinct().ToList();foreach (var clusterGroup in groupedClusters){var routeConfig = yarpConfig.Routes.FirstOrDefault(q =>q.ClusterId == clusterGroup.ClusterId);                if (routeConfig == null){logger.LogWarning($"Swagger UI: Couldn't find route configuration for {clusterGroup.ClusterId}...");                    continue;}options.SwaggerEndpoint($"{clusterGroup.Value.Address}/swagger/v1/swagger.json", $"{routeConfig.RouteId} API");options.OAuthClientId(configuration["AuthServer:SwaggerClientId"]);options.OAuthClientSecret(configuration["AuthServer:SwaggerClientSecret"]);}});        return app;}
}

关键代码：

options.SwaggerEndpoint($"{clusterGroup.Value.Address}/swagger/v1/swagger.json", $"{routeConfig.RouteId} API");

通过 IProxyConfigProvider 得到内部服务的信息，如下图所示：

然后，拼接出内部服务的 Swagger 信息地址，

$"{clusterGroup.Value.Address}/swagger/v1/swagger.json"

最终得到两个服务的Swagger信息地址：

IdentityServer 的 Swagger 信息地址:

http://localhost:7711/swagger/v1/swagger.json

OrderService 的 Swagger 信息地址:

http://localhost:7721/swagger/v1/swagger.json

最后,根据信息添加Swagger终点：

options.SwaggerEndpoint($"{clusterGroup.Value.Address}/swagger/v1/swagger.json", $"{routeConfig.RouteId} API");

其中，

routeConfig.RouteId: Identity Service 或 Ordering Service

访问网关 Swagger

访问网关地址：http://localhost:7700

自动跳转到其 Swagger首页：http://localhost:7700/swagger/index.html

右上角有个下拉框，可以选择不同的服务的Swagger，这里切换到 OrderService 的Swagger,如下图所示：

在网关 Swagger 调用服务接口

可以在网关 Swagger 调用内部服务接口，如下图所示：

使用 Yarp 做网关

资料

实战项目概览

共享类库

Serilog 日志

创建服务

IdentityService

Program

User 实体

UserController

OrderService

Program

Order 实体

OrderController

创建网关

引用包

添加 Yarp

添加 Yarp配置文件 : yarp.json

运行

启动网关

IdentityService

OrderService

测试

路由功能

IdentityService

OrderService

支持请求类型

HTTP 1.0 / 2.0

结论

gRpc

结论

新增集群服务节点

结论

删除集群服务节点

结论

某集群节点因故障离线

结论

问题：无法访问内部服务 Swagger

实现原理

内部服务支持跨域

添加跨域配置

支持跨域

网关添加 Swagger

访问网关 Swagger

在网关 Swagger 调用服务接口

相关文章