窗体无疑是WinForm的主角，每个窗体都是用一个class来承载，那么窗体的控件，就是类中的私有字段了。每个窗体有三个文件，两个.cs文件，是一个分部类，Designer.cs是自动生成的C#代码，一般是拖拽控件后生成的代码；另一个.cs文件是写业务代码用的；第三个是.resx文件，是资源文源，窗体的图片，图标，以及一些控件的配置信息。

比如下面的窗体：

生成的代码如下这么多，可见设计器出力不少。

注：下面代码只是为了让你看它有多长，不需要仔细研究。

namespace WinFormDemo04
{partial class Form1{/// <summary>///  Required designer variable./// </summary>private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;/// <summary>///  Clean up any resources being used./// </summary>/// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>protected override void Dispose(bool disposing){if (disposing && (components != null)){components.Dispose();}base.Dispose(disposing);}#region Windows Form Designer generated code/// <summary>///  Required method for Designer support - do not modify///  the contents of this method with the code editor./// </summary>private void InitializeComponent(){this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();this.comboBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();this.treeView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeView();this.dataGridView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView();this.gridId = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();this.gridName = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();this.pictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox();this.radioButton1 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();this.checkBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).BeginInit();((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).BeginInit();this.SuspendLayout();// // button1// this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(35, 27);this.button1.Name = "button1";this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);this.button1.TabIndex = 0;this.button1.Text = "button1";this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);// // textBox1// this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(203, 27);this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 23);this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;this.textBox1.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textBox1_TextChanged);// // comboBox1// this.comboBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;this.comboBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 26);this.comboBox1.Name = "comboBox1";this.comboBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25);this.comboBox1.TabIndex = 2;this.comboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged);// // listBox1// this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 17;this.listBox1.Items.AddRange(new object[] {"111","222","aaa"});this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(199, 84);this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1";this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 89);this.listBox1.TabIndex = 3;this.listBox1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.listBox1_SelectedIndexChanged);// // label1// this.label1.AutoSize = true;this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(138, 30);this.label1.Name = "label1";this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(43, 17);this.label1.TabIndex = 4;this.label1.Text = "label1";this.label1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.label1_Click);// // treeView1// System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点1");System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点2");System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode3 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点0", new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] {treeNode1,treeNode2});System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode4 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点4");System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode5 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点5");System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode6 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点3", new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] {treeNode4,treeNode5});this.treeView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 84);this.treeView1.Name = "treeView1";treeNode1.Name = "节点1";treeNode1.Text = "节点1";treeNode2.Name = "节点2";treeNode2.Text = "节点2";treeNode3.Name = "节点0";treeNode3.Text = "节点0";treeNode4.Name = "节点4";treeNode4.Text = "节点4";treeNode5.Name = "节点5";treeNode5.Text = "节点5";treeNode6.Name = "节点3";treeNode6.Text = "节点3";this.treeView1.Nodes.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] {treeNode3,treeNode6});this.treeView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 97);this.treeView1.TabIndex = 5;this.treeView1.AfterSelect += new System.Windows.Forms.TreeViewEventHandler(this.treeView1_AfterSelect);// // dataGridView1// this.dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize;this.dataGridView1.Columns.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumn[] {this.gridId,this.gridName});this.dataGridView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(30, 209);this.dataGridView1.Name = "dataGridView1";this.dataGridView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(258, 150);this.dataGridView1.TabIndex = 6;this.dataGridView1.CellContentClick += new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellEventHandler(this.dataGridView1_CellContentClick);// // ID// this.gridId.HeaderText = "ID";this.gridId.Name = "ID";// // GridName// this.gridName.HeaderText = "Name";this.gridName.Name = "GridName";// // pictureBox1// this.pictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(321, 221);this.pictureBox1.Name = "pictureBox1";this.pictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 50);this.pictureBox1.TabIndex = 7;this.pictureBox1.TabStop = false;this.pictureBox1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.pictureBox1_Click);// // radioButton1// this.radioButton1.AutoSize = true;this.radioButton1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 89);this.radioButton1.Name = "radioButton1";this.radioButton1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(102, 21);this.radioButton1.TabIndex = 8;this.radioButton1.TabStop = true;this.radioButton1.Text = "radioButton1";this.radioButton1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;this.radioButton1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioButton1_CheckedChanged);// // checkBox1// this.checkBox1.AutoSize = true;this.checkBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 125);this.checkBox1.Name = "checkBox1";this.checkBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(89, 21);this.checkBox1.TabIndex = 9;this.checkBox1.Text = "checkBox1";this.checkBox1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;this.checkBox1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.checkBox1_CheckedChanged);// // Form1// this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(7F, 17F);this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(497, 418);this.Controls.Add(this.checkBox1);this.Controls.Add(this.radioButton1);this.Controls.Add(this.pictureBox1);this.Controls.Add(this.dataGridView1);this.Controls.Add(this.treeView1);this.Controls.Add(this.label1);this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);this.Controls.Add(this.comboBox1);this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);this.Controls.Add(this.button1);this.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(2);this.Name = "Form1";this.Text = "Form1";this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).EndInit();((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).EndInit();this.ResumeLayout(false);this.PerformLayout();}#endregionprivate Button button1;private TextBox textBox1;private ComboBox comboBox1;private ListBox listBox1;private Label label1;private TreeView treeView1;private DataGridView dataGridView1;private PictureBox pictureBox1;private RadioButton radioButton1;private CheckBox checkBox1;private DataGridViewTextBoxColumn gridId;private DataGridViewTextBoxColumn gridName;}
}

一个class中的成员可以是字段，属性，方法，构造函数，析构函数，事件，索引器，重载运算符，常量，内部嵌套类。通常，一个类库中的class，属性和方法是最常见的，到可视化窗体或控件类时，属性和事件是最常见的，这是因为通过电脑输入设备或内部的动作，会触发很多事件，这些事件会调用我们订阅的方法，从而完成业务的流转。所以学习可视化控件，就是学习他的属性和事件。每个控件，双击后自动订阅的事件就是这个控件最常用的控件，比如Button的Click，TextBox的TextChanged事件等。

有一些控件还有子控件或子选项，就像一个类型的一个属性是集合类型一些，可以添加子类型。有一些控件是容器控件，用来承载其他控件的，它有一个Controles的属性，可以添加其他类型的控件。

关于每个控件的使用这里就不展开了，因为相关的资料很多，官方的文档就是不错的选择。

在WinForm中，大部分事件都是以xxxEventHandler作为定义事件的委托，并且有两个参数，第一个是object sender，就是发出事件的控件，第二个参数是EventArgs或它的子类，如果是它子类，会携带一些事件的参数。xxxEventHandler和xxxEventArgs与EventHandler和EventArgs是委托和参数的关系，也是对应的。

private void dataGridView1_CellContentClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
}

比如DataGridViewCellEventHandler和DataGridViewCellEventArgs，并且Args中有当前单元格的行与列下标。

学习控件是一个细活，一个一个过，关注他们的属性，事件，虽然方法比较少，但也是要关注的，就像研究一个类，就要看他的成员都有什么，各自作用是什么一样。