前言
数据采集的步骤是固定:
- 发送请求, 模拟浏览器对于url地址发送请求
- 获取数据, 获取网页数据内容 --> 请求那个链接地址, 返回服务器响应数据
- 解析数据, 提取我们需要的数据内容
- 保存数据, 保存本地文件
所需模块
win + R 输入cmd 输入安装命令 pip install 模块名 (如果你觉得安装速度比较慢, 你可以切换国内镜像源)
# 数据请求模块 第三方模块 需要安装 pip install requests
import requests
# 数据解析模块 第三方模块 需要安装 pip install parsel
import parsel
# 导入csv模块 内置模块 不需要安装
import csv # 固定模板
# 导入pandas模块
import pandas as pd
二手房源数据获取
请求数据
# 模拟浏览器
headers = {# 用户代理 表示浏览器基本身份信息'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/115.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
# 请求链接
url = 'https://cs.lianjia.com/ershoufang/'
# 发送请求
response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
# 输出内容 <Response [200]> 响应对象 表示请求成功
print(response)
解析数据
我们这次选用css选择器: 根据标签属性提取数据内容
- 获取所有房源所在li标签
selector = parsel.Selector(response.text) # 选择器对象
# 获取所有房源所在li标签
lis = selector.css('.sellListContent li .info')
- for循环遍历
for li in lis:title = li.css('.title a::text').get() # 标题area_info = li.css('.positionInfo a::text').getall() # 区域信息area_1 = area_info[0] # 小区area_2 = area_info[1] # 区域totalPrice = li.css('.totalPrice span::text').get() # 总价unitPrice = li.css('.unitPrice span::text').get().replace('元/平', '') # 单价houseInfo = li.css('.houseInfo::text').get().split(' | ') # 房源信息HouseType = houseInfo[0] # 户型HouseArea = houseInfo[1].replace('平米', '') # 面积HouseFace = houseInfo[2] # 朝向HouseInfo_1 = houseInfo[3] # 装修fool = houseInfo[4] # 楼层HouseInfo_2 = houseInfo[-1] # 建筑结构href = li.css('.title a::attr(href)').get() # 详情页dit = {'标题': title,'小区': area_1,'区域': area_2,'总价': totalPrice,'单价': unitPrice,'户型': HouseType,'面积': HouseArea,'朝向': HouseFace,'装修': HouseInfo_1,'楼层': fool,'年份': date,'建筑结构': HouseInfo_2,'详情页': href,}print(dit)
保存数据
f = open('二手房.csv', mode='w', encoding='utf-8', newline='')
csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=['标题','小区','区域','总价','单价','户型','面积','朝向','装修','楼层','年份','建筑结构','详情页',
])
csv_writer.writeheader()
接下来就是数据可视化
二手房源户型分布
from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from pyecharts.faker import Fakerc = (Pie().add("",[list(z)for z in zip(house_type, house_num)],center=["40%", "50%"],).set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="二手房源户型分布"),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(type_="scroll", pos_left="80%", orient="vertical"),).set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}: {c}"))
# .render("pie_scroll_legend.html")
)
c.load_javascript()
二手房源朝向分布
face_type = df['朝向'].value_counts().index.to_list()
face_num = df['朝向'].value_counts().to_list()
c = (Pie().add("",[list(z)for z in zip(face_type, face_num)],center=["40%", "50%"],).set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="二手房源朝向分布"),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(type_="scroll", pos_left="80%", orient="vertical"),).set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}: {c}"))
# .render("pie_scroll_legend.html")
)
c.render_notebook()
二手房源装修分布
face_type = df['装修'].value_counts().index.to_list()
face_num = df['装修'].value_counts().to_list()
c = (Pie().add("",[list(z)for z in zip(face_type, face_num)],center=["40%", "50%"],).set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="二手房源装修分布"),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(type_="scroll", pos_left="80%", orient="vertical"),).set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}: {c}"))
# .render("pie_scroll_legend.html")
)
c.render_notebook()
二手房源年份分布
face_type = df['年份'].value_counts().index.to_list()
face_num = df['年份'].value_counts().to_list()
c = (Pie().add("",[list(z)for z in zip(face_type, face_num)],center=["40%", "50%"],).set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="二手房源年份分布"),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(type_="scroll", pos_left="80%", orient="vertical"),).set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}: {c}"))
# .render("pie_scroll_legend.html")
)
c.render_notebook()
二手房源建筑结构分布
face_type = df['建筑结构'].value_counts().index.to_list()
face_num = df['建筑结构'].value_counts().to_list()
c = (Pie().add("",[list(z)for z in zip(face_type, face_num)],center=["40%", "50%"],).set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="二手房源建筑结构分布"),legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(type_="scroll", pos_left="80%", orient="vertical"),).set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}: {c}"))
# .render("pie_scroll_legend.html")
)
c.render_notebook()
各大区域房价平均价
avg_salary = df.groupby('区域')['总价'].mean()
CityType = avg_salary.index.tolist()
CityNum = [int(a) for a in avg_salary.values.tolist()]
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
# 创建柱状图实例
c = (Bar().add_xaxis(CityType).add_yaxis("", CityNum).set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="各大区域房价平均价"),visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(dimension=1,pos_right="5%",max_=30,is_inverse=True,),xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(rotate=45)) # 设置X轴标签旋转角度为45度).set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),markline_opts=opts.MarkLineOpts(data=[opts.MarkLineItem(type_="min", name="最小值"),opts.MarkLineItem(type_="max", name="最大值"),opts.MarkLineItem(type_="average", name="平均值"),]),)
)c.render_notebook()
各大区域房价单价平均价格
import pandas as pd
from pyecharts.charts import Bar
import pyecharts.options as opts# 清理数据并将'单价'列转换为整数类型
df['单价'] = df['单价'].str.replace(',', '').astype(int)# 计算平均价
avg_salary = df.groupby('区域')['单价'].mean()# 获取城市类型和城市平均价格
CityType = avg_salary.index.tolist()
CityNum = [int(a) for a in avg_salary.values.tolist()]# 创建柱状图实例
c = (Bar().add_xaxis(CityType).add_yaxis("", CityNum).set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="各大区域房价单价平均价格"),visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(dimension=1,pos_right="5%",max_=30,is_inverse=True,),xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(rotate=45)) # 设置X轴标签旋转角度为45度).set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),markline_opts=opts.MarkLineOpts(data=[opts.MarkLineItem(type_="min", name="最小值"),opts.MarkLineItem(type_="max", name="最大值"),opts.MarkLineItem(type_="average", name="平均值"),]),)
)# 在Notebook中显示柱状图
c.render_notebook()
适合练手的25个Python案例源码分享,总有一个你想要的