WebSocket实时异步通信
【一】WebSocket简介
WebSocket是HTML5推出一个协议规范,用来B/S模式中服务器端和客户端之间进行实时异步通信。
众所周知,传统的HTTP协议中,服务器端和客户端通信只能是在客户端发送一个请求之后,服务器端才能对其响应,也就是说服务器端是不能够主动向客户端发起数据的。
当在服务器端和客户端之间需要频繁地实时通信时,传统HTTP协议只能通过Ajax轮询的方式,即客户端每隔一段时间请求一次服务器来获得更新,这样做的对服务器的性能要求特别高,而且占用很多无用的带宽、流量。
图一 传统HTTP请求会话
图二 WebSocket请求会话
WebSocket在实时通信方面很好的弥补了传统HTTP协议的不足。它是一个建立在HTTP协议之上的协议,通过HTTP建立了WebSocket连接之后,服务器端和客户端就可以随时通信了。
【二】WebSocket的使用
服务器端
Tomcat7.0.5版本及以后的版本之中已经内嵌了支持WebSocket标准协议的jar包websocket-api.jar;在服务器端开发中通过@ServerEndpoint注解表明WebSocket服务端运行在 ws://[Server端IP或域名]:[Server端口]/project-name/注解参数值 路径指定的位置,客户端在创建WebSocket对象的时候,通过该路径指定服务器响应的WebSocket。
@OnOpen、@OnClose、@OnError注解WebSocket方法分别响应建立连接、关闭连接和出错时候的回调函数,@OnMessage注解的方法响应收到客户端发送数据的回调函数。Session相当于客户端,可以向客户端发送数据。
WebSocket类处理客户端的所有请求,然后根据不同页面的请求调用不同的类对象进行处理。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
@ServerEndpoint("/websocket") public class WebSocket {public static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(WebSocket.class); private Statement stmt = null;private Connection conn = null; private Timer timer;@OnOpenpublic void onOpen(Session s) { log.info("client connected");timer = new Timer();//connect databasetry {ResourceBundle config = ResourceBundle.getBundle("config");String driver = config.getString("jdbc.driver");String url = config.getString("jdbc.cfg.url");String username = config.getString("jdbc.cfg.username");String password = config.getString("jdbc.cfg.password");Class.forName(driver);conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);stmt = conn.createStatement(); log.info("connect database successful");}catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}@OnMessagepublic void onMessage(final String message, Session s) throws IOException, InterruptedException{log.info("message="+message);final JSONObject json = JSONObject.fromString(message);if(json.getInt("pageIndex") == 2){ //热门配置页不循环推送 HotConfig hotConfig = new HotConfig(s, stmt);hotConfig.sendWebSocket(json);}else if(json.getInt("pageIndex") == 3){final TrafficLog trafficLog = new TrafficLog(s, stmt);int isRealTimeSearch = json.getInt("isRealTimeSearch");if(isRealTimeSearch == 1){timer.schedule(new TimerTask() { //每隔5分钟执行一次 @Override public void run() {trafficLog.sendWebSocket(json);} }, 0, 300000); }else{ //只执行一次timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {@Override public void run() {trafficLog.sendWebSocket(json);} }, 0); }}else if(json.getInt("pageIndex") == 4){final RuleLog ruleLog = new RuleLog(s, stmt);int isRealTimeSearch = json.getInt("isRealTimeSearch");if(isRealTimeSearch == 1){timer.schedule(new TimerTask() { //每隔5分钟执行一次 @Override public void run() {ruleLog.sendWebSocket(json);} }, 0, 300000); }else{ //只执行一次timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {@Override public void run() {ruleLog.sendWebSocket(json);} }, 0); }}else{ //isp页面的请求final ISPLog ispLog = new ISPLog(s, stmt);int isRealTimeSearch = json.getInt("isRealTimeSearch");if(isRealTimeSearch == 1){timer.schedule(new TimerTask() { //每隔5分钟执行一次 @Override public void run() {ispLog.sendWebSocket(json);} }, 0, 300000); }else{ //只执行一次timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {@Override public void run() {ispLog.sendWebSocket(json);} }, 0); }}}@OnClosepublic void onClose(Session s) {log.info("Client closed");try {timer.cancel(); if (stmt != null) {stmt.close();stmt = null;}if (conn != null) {conn.close();conn = null;}} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}@OnErrorpublic void onError(Throwable e) {log.error("WebSocket Error");e.printStackTrace();} }
响应具体某个页面的请求
import java.io.IOException; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.websocket.Session; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import net.sf.json.JSONObject;public class HotConfig {private Session session;private Statement stmt = null;private ResultSet rs = null;private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HotConfig.class);public HotConfig(Session s, Statement stmt){this.session = s;this.stmt = stmt;}public void sendWebSocket(final JSONObject json){String srcIp = json.getString("srcIp");String startTime = json.getString("startTime");String endTime = json.getString("endTime");Map<String, ArrayList<Long>> params = new HashMap<String, ArrayList<Long>>();ArrayList<Long> pzID = new ArrayList<Long>(); //different chart lines nameArrayList<Long> statCount = new ArrayList<Long>(); //chart x axisArrayList<Long> pzIDReverse = new ArrayList<Long>(); //different chart lines nameArrayList<Long> statCountReverse = new ArrayList<Long>(); //chart x axistry {String srcIpCriteria = ""; //拼接源IP SQL条件if(srcIp.length() > 0) {srcIpCriteria = " where CLIENT_IP='"+srcIp+"' ";}String startTimeCriteria = ""; //拼接源IP SQL条件if(startTime.length() > 0) {if(srcIpCriteria.equals(""))startTimeCriteria = " where STAT_TIME >= to_date('"+startTime +"','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi')";elsestartTimeCriteria = " and STAT_TIME >= to_date('"+startTime +"','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi')";}String endTimeCriteria = ""; //拼接源IP SQL条件if(endTime.length() > 0) {if(srcIpCriteria.equals("") && startTimeCriteria.equals(""))endTimeCriteria = " where STAT_TIME < to_date('" +endTime+"','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') ";elseendTimeCriteria = " and STAT_TIME < to_date('" +endTime+"','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') ";}String sql = "select * from (select PZ_ID, sum(STAT_COUNT) as sumCount from RULE_HOT_CONFIG_INFO" + srcIpCriteria + startTimeCriteria + endTimeCriteria + " group by PZ_ID order by sumCount desc) where rownum <= 50"; log.info("sql="+sql+"execute success");rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);while(rs.next()){ pzID.add(rs.getLong(1));statCount.add(rs.getLong(2));}for(int i = pzID.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--){pzIDReverse.add(pzID.get(i));statCountReverse.add(statCount.get(i));}params.put("pzID", pzIDReverse);params.put("statCount",statCountReverse); session.getBasicRemote().sendText(JSONObject.fromBean(params).toString());log.info("主动发给前端的数据="+JSONObject.fromBean(params).toString());} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
客户端
目前主流的浏览器Firefox、Chrome已经支持WebSocket协议,这意味只不需要引用额外的js库就可以直接使用WebSocket了。
<script type="text/javascript">
//创建WebSocket对象,用于一开始建立连接,之后就不要再建立连接了var webSocket = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:8080/websocket/websocket');webSocket.onopen = function(event) {};webSocket.onmessage = function(event) {
//接收来自服务器的数据,这里客户端没有发送任何请求,任何时间接收到数据都可以异步调用onMessage(event);
var m = JSON.parse(event.data);
alert(m);};webSocket.onerror = function(event) {}; function onMessage(event) {} </script>
推荐学习文章:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-WebSocket/
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/7zyMvy6
http://www.alixixi.com/web/a/2014032492868.shtml