接口自动化测试实战教程

实现思路

使用excel管理用例用例信息，requests模块发送http请求，实现了记录日志，邮件发送测试报告的功能

目录结构如下：

下面直接上代码：

统筹脚本

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import osfrom interface import Interfacefrom testcase_get import Get_testcasefrom result_save import Save_test_resultfrom result_send import Send_reportfrom config.config import Configfrom logging_save import loggerif __name__ == "__main__":cur_path = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]  # 获取当前文件绝对路径case_path = os.path.join(cur_path, "test_case", "20170602.xls")test_case = Get_testcase(case_path).readExcel()  # 获取用例if not isinstance(test_case, list):  # 判断用例是否获取成功logger.info("Test_case get failed... \n Done!")else:logger.info("获取用例成功")# 调用接口test_result = Interface().interfaceTest(test_case)# 获取执行结果，用于发邮件count_success = test_result[3]count_failure = test_result[4]failed_case_detail = test_result[5]# 保存测试结果Save_test_result().save_result(case_path, test_result[0], test_result[1], test_result[2])logger.info("保存测试结果成功")# 获取邮件配置信息mail_config = Config(os.path.join(cur_path, "config", "mail.conf")).get_mail_config()logger.info("获取邮箱配置成功")login_user = mail_config[0]login_pwd = mail_config[1]from_addr = mail_config[2]to_addrs = mail_config[3]smtp_server = mail_config[4]mail_send = Send_report(count_success, count_failure, failed_case_detail)# 获取最新测试报告last_report = mail_send.newest_report()logger.info("邮件发送结果")mail_send.send_result(login_user, login_pwd,from_addr, to_addrs,smtp_server,last_report)logger.info("DONE!")

请求封装

# coding:utf-8import jsonimport requestsfrom logging_save import loggerfrom result_check import Result_checkfrom url_transform import urltransformclass Interface:def __init__(self, ):passdef interfaceTest(self, case_list):"""接口调用主函数"""# 用于存结果res_flags = []# 用于存请求报文request_urls = []# 用于存返回报文responses = []# 用户存失败的用例failed_case = []# 统计成功失败的用例数count_success = 0count_failure = 0for case in case_list:try:# 模块product = case[0]# 用例idcase_id = case[1]# 用例标题interface_name = case[2].strip('\n')# 用例描述case_detail = case[3]# 请求方式method = case[4]# 请求urlurl = case[5]# 入参param = case[6]# 预期结果res_check = case[7]except Exception as e:return '测试用例格式不正确！%s' % e# 定义消息头信息headers = {'content-type': 'application/json','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}# 对url进行封装new_url = urltransform().urltransform(url, method, param)if method.upper() == 'GET':results = requests.get(new_url).textlogger.info(u'正在调用接口: %s' % interface_name)# print resultsresponses.append(results)# 用于存储预期结果与实际结果的比较结果res = Result_check().interface_result_check(results, res_check)request_urls.append(new_url)else:request_urls.append(new_url)if param == '':passelse:data = json.loads(param)  # 将参数转化为json格式results = requests.post(new_url, data=json.dumps(data), headers=headers).textresponses.append(results)res = Result_check().interface_result_check(results, res_check)if 'pass' in res:res_flags.append('pass')count_success += 1else:logger.warning(u'接口返回结果与预期结果不一致！失败URL: %s METHOD :%s' % (url, method))res_flags.append('fail')count_failure += 1failed_case.append((interface_name, method, url))logger.info(u'共执行 %s 条用例,PASS: %s,FAILED: %s' % (len(case_list), count_success, count_failure))return res_flags, request_urls, responses, count_success, count_failure, failed_case

日志封装


# coding=utf-8import loggingimport sysimport tracebackimport timeclass LoggingUtils:'''===========封装日志工具类的基本操作============='''def __init__(self,logfile):''':param logfile:'''self.logger = logging.getLogger(logfile)self.hdlr = logging.FileHandler(logfile)formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s - %(message)s')self.ch = logging.StreamHandler()self.ch.setLevel(logging.INFO)self.ch.setFormatter(formatter)self.hdlr.setFormatter(formatter)self.logger.addHandler(self.hdlr)self.logger.addHandler(self.ch)self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)def debug(self, msg):''':param msg::return:'''self.logger.debug(msg)self.hdlr.flush()def info(self, msg):''':param msg::return:'''self.logger.info(msg)self.hdlr.flush()def warning(self,msg):self.logger.warning(msg)self.hdlr.flush()def error(self, msg):''':param msg::return:'''self.logger.error(msg)# self.logger.removeHandler(logging.StreamHandler())self.logger.removeHandler(self.ch)self.hdlr.flush()def error_sys(self, limit=None):''':param limit::return:'''exceptionType, exceptionValue, exceptionTraceback = sys.exc_info()if limit is None:if hasattr(sys, 'tracebacklimit'):limit = sys.tracebacklimitn = 0eline = '\n'while exceptionTraceback is not None and (limit is None or n < limit):f = exceptionTraceback.tb_framelineno = exceptionTraceback.tb_linenoco = f.f_codefilename = co.co_filenamename = co.co_nameeline += ' File "%s", line %d, in %s \n ' % (filename, lineno, name)exceptionTraceback = exceptionTraceback.tb_nextn = n + 1eline += "\n".join(traceback.format_exception_only(exceptionType, exceptionValue))self.logger.error(eline)self.hdlr.flush()timer = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime())logger = LoggingUtils('%s.log'%timer)

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结果比对


#coding:utf-8class result_check():def __init__(self):passdef result_check(self,results,res_check):'''结果对比函数'''#返回结果，将结果中的json数据转化为可以和预期结果比较的数据res = results.replace('":"','=').replace('" : "','=')#预期结果，是xx=11;xx=22res_check = res_check.split(';')for s in res_check:if s in res:passelse:return '结果不匹配 '+ str(s)return 'pass'result_save.py   保存测试结果的模块，复制原有的用例，保存为新的excel#coding:utf-8from xlutils import copyimport xlrdimport timeimport osclass Save_test_result():def __init__(self):passdef save_result(self,file_path,res_flags,request_urls,responses):''':return:'''book = xlrd.open_workbook(file_path)new_book = copy.copy(book)sheet = new_book.get_sheet(0)i = 1for request_url, response, flag in zip(request_urls, responses, res_flags):sheet.write(i, 8, u'%s' % request_url)sheet.write(i, 9, u'%s' % response)sheet.write(i, 10, u'%s' % flag)i += 1report_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join('report'))if not os.path.exists(report_path):os.makedirs(report_path)new_book.save(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(report_path, 'Report@%s.xls' % time.strftime('%Y.%m.%d@%H%M%S'))))

结果邮件


#coding:utf-8import smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartimport osfrom logging_save import  loggerclass Send_report(object):def __init__(self,count_success,count_failure,failed_case):''':param count_success::param count_failure::param failed_case:'''self.count_success = count_successself.count_failure = count_failureself.failed_case = failed_casedef newest_report(self,testreport='report'):'''获取最新的测试报告:param testreport::return:'''lists = os.listdir(testreport)lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getmtime(os.path.join(testreport,fn)))file_new = os.path.join(testreport, lists[-1])logger.info('获取最新附件报告成功')return file_newdef send_result(self,username,passwd,from_addr,to_addrs,smtpserver,*args):''':param username::param passwd::param from_addr::param to_addrs::param smtpserver::param args::return:'''sender = from_addrsubject = '财富港接口测试结果'username = usernamepasswd = passwd'''邮件内容'''tille = (u'用例名称', u'请求方式', u'url')details = (u'成功: ' + str(self.count_success) + u'失败: ' + str(self.count_failure)) + '\n' + u'失败的用例如下 :' + \'\n' + '\n'.join(str(zip(tille, i)) for i in self.failed_case).decode('unicode-escape')logger.info('邮件附件为: %s' %(args[0].split('\\')[1]))if args != None: #判断是否添加附件msg = MIMEMultipart()msg.attach(MIMEText(details, 'plain', 'utf-8'))i = 0while i < len(args): #可以添加多个附件part = MIMEText(open(args[i], 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')part["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'part["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="%s"'%args[i]msg.attach(part) #添加附件i += 1msg['subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')msg['From'] = from_addrmsg['To'] = ','.join(eval(to_addrs)) #兼容多个收件人smtp = smtplib.SMTP()try:smtp.connect(smtpserver)smtp.login(username, passwd)smtp.sendmail(sender, eval(to_addrs), msg.as_string())smtp.close()logger.info('带附件测试报告发送成功！')except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError,e:logger.error('邮箱账户或密码错误: '+ str(e))else:msg = MIMEText(details, 'plain', 'utf-8')msg['subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')msg['From'] = from_addrmsg['To'] =  ','.join(eval(to_addrs))smtp = smtplib.SMTP()try:smtp.connect(smtpserver)smtp.login(username, passwd)smtp.sendmail(sender, eval(to_addrs), msg.as_string())logger.info('测试报告发送成功！')smtp.close()except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError,e:logger.error('邮箱账户或密码错误 : '+str(e))

用例获取及数据格式化


#coding:utf-8import xlrdfrom logging_save import loggerclass Get_testcase(object):def __init__(self, file_path):''':param file_path: 用例文件路径'''self.file_path = file_pathdef readExcel(self):'''读取用例函数:return: 测试用例列表'''try:book = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_path)  # 打开excelexcept Exception, error:logger.error('路径不在或者excel不正确 : ' + str(error))return errorelse:sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)  # 取第一个sheet页rows = sheet.nrows  # 取这个sheet页的所有行数case_list = []  # 用于保存用例信息for i in range(rows):if i != 0:case_list.append(sheet.row_values(i)) # 把每一条测试用例添加到case_list中return case_list

请求url转换

#coding:utf-8class urltransform(object):def __init__(self):passdef urltransform(self, url, method, param):''':return:'''if param == '':new_url = urlelse:if method.upper() == 'GET':new_url = url + '?' + param.replace(';', '&')  #如果有参数，且为GET方法则组装urlelse:new_url = urlreturn new_url

测试用例excel结构

config目录下，config.py 获取配置文件信息的模块

#conding:utf-8import ConfigParserclass Config(object):def __init__(self,file_path):self.config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()self.config.read(file_path)def get_mail_config(self):login_user = self.config.get('SMTP', 'login_user')login_pwd = self.config.get('SMTP', 'login_pwd')from_addr = self.config.get('SMTP', 'from_addr')to_addrs = self.config.get('SMTP', 'to_addrs')smtp_server = self.config.get('SMTP', 'smtp_server')port = self.config.get('SMTP', 'port')return login_user, login_pwd , from_addr, to_addrs,smtp_server, portdef report_save_config(self):pass

mail.conf

[SMTP]login_user = 18******@163.comlogin_pwd = ******from_addr =  BI<18******@163.com>to_addrs = ['18******@163.com']#to_addrs = ['1******@qq.com','******.com']smtp_server = smtp.163.comport = 25