Termux 上安装各种 Linux 系统是通过 proot-distro 工具来实现的，所以先安装一下 proot-distro 工具。

~ $ pkg install proot-distro 

查看Termux支持安装那些Linux

~ $ proot-distro listSupported distributions:* Alpine LinuxAlias: alpineInstalled: noComment: Rolling release branch (edge).* Arch LinuxAlias: archlinuxInstalled: noComment: Currently available only AArch64 and ARM ports.* Artix LinuxAlias: artixInstalled: noComment: Currently available only for AArch64.* DebianAlias: debianInstalled: noComment: A stable release (bookworm).* deepinAlias: deepinInstalled: noComment: Supports only 64-bit CPUs.* FedoraAlias: fedoraInstalled: noComment: Version 39. Supports only 64-bit CPUs.* ManjaroAlias: manjaroInstalled: noComment: Currently available only for AArch64.* OpenSUSEAlias: opensuseInstalled: noComment: Rolling release (Tumbleweed).* Pardus (yirmibir)Alias: pardusInstalled: no* UbuntuAlias: ubuntuInstalled: noComment: Standard release (mantic). Not available for x86 32-bit (i686) CPUs.* Void LinuxAlias: voidInstalled: noInstall selected one with: proot-distro install <alias>

这里我们选择安装 Ubuntu 系统

~ $ proot-distro install ubuntu

安装完成后，登录 Ubuntu 系统

~ $ proot-distro login ubuntu
root@localhost:~# 

查看一下 Ubuntu 版本

root@localhost:~# cat /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 23.10"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="23.10"
VERSION="23.10 (Mantic Minotaur)"
VERSION_CODENAME=mantic
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=mantic
LOGO=ubuntu-logo

最后提一句，安装过程如果出现下面的错误

CANNOT LINK EXECUTABLE "curl": library "libssl.so.1.1" not found: needed by /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/lib/libssh2.so in namespace (default)

可以执行一下完整的升级操作，再安装

apt full-upgrade