Python 3.11.3 (main, Apr  7 2023, 19:25:52) [Clang 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.202)] on darwin
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正常情况下，我们会使用 torch.save 保存模型的 state_dict 。但我们也可以 torch.save 保存一个自定义类型对象，例如

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class Module(nn.Module):def __init__(self) -> None:self._one = 1
torch.save(Module(), 'module.pth')

在读取 module.pth 时，可能会遇到 AttributeError

import torch
torch.load('module.pth')

Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Users/bytedance/Developer/todd/load.py", line 3, in <module>torch.load('module.pth')File "/Users/bytedance/.local/share/virtualenvs/todd-ARrcnwyq/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/serialization.py", line 809, in loadreturn _load(opened_zipfile, map_location, pickle_module, **pickle_load_args)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/Users/bytedance/.local/share/virtualenvs/todd-ARrcnwyq/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/serialization.py", line 1172, in _loadresult = unpickler.load()^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/Users/bytedance/.local/share/virtualenvs/todd-ARrcnwyq/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/serialization.py", line 1165, in find_classreturn super().find_class(mod_name, name)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
AttributeError: Can't get attribute 'Module' on <module '__main__' from '/Users/bytedance/Developer/todd/load.py'>

这是因为 torch.save 底层通过 pickle 实现，而 pickle 在保存自定义类型对象时不会保存其类型定义。用户需要保证 torch.load 时，自定义类型可访问，以便构造被保存的对象。也就是说，如果我们将 Module 引用到当前命名空间，就可以正常加载 module.pth 了

import torch
from save import Module
torch.load('module.pth')

但是有些情况下，我们无法访问某些自定义类型，也不希望恢复被保存的对象，只想知道被保存的对象存储了哪些数据，可以用下面的方法

import torch
class Module:def __init__(self) -> None:# in case __setstate__ is not calledself._state = Nonedef __setstate__(self, state):# whenever state is not empty, __setstate__ is calledself._state = state
module = torch.load('module.pth')
print(module._state)

{'_one': 1}

但是如果自定义类型是从其他位置 import 得到的，例如

# module.py
import torch.nn as nn
class Module(nn.Module):def __init__(self) -> None:self._one = 1# save.py
import torch
from module import Module
torch.save(Module(), 'module.pth')

torch.load 会先尝试 import 相应的模块，如果不存在就会报错

Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Users/bytedance/Developer/todd/load.py", line 13, in <module>module = torch.load('module.pth')^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/Users/bytedance/.local/share/virtualenvs/todd-ARrcnwyq/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/serialization.py", line 809, in loadreturn _load(opened_zipfile, map_location, pickle_module, **pickle_load_args)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/Users/bytedance/.local/share/virtualenvs/todd-ARrcnwyq/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/serialization.py", line 1172, in _loadresult = unpickler.load()^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/Users/bytedance/.local/share/virtualenvs/todd-ARrcnwyq/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/serialization.py", line 1165, in find_classreturn super().find_class(mod_name, name)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'module'

我们可以 mock 相应模块

import sys
from unittest.mock import Mock
import torch
sys.modules['module'] = Mock()
torch.load('module.pth')

Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Users/bytedance/Developer/todd/load.py", line 14, in <module>module = torch.load('module.pth')^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/Users/bytedance/.local/share/virtualenvs/todd-ARrcnwyq/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/serialization.py", line 809, in loadreturn _load(opened_zipfile, map_location, pickle_module, **pickle_load_args)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "/Users/bytedance/.local/share/virtualenvs/todd-ARrcnwyq/lib/python3.11/site-packages/torch/serialization.py", line 1172, in _loadresult = unpickler.load()^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_pickle.UnpicklingError: NEWOBJ class argument must be a type, not Mock

出现这个问题，是因为 Mock 具有递归创建的特性。我们可以手动修改

import sys
from unittest.mock import Mock
import torch
class Module:def __init__(self) -> None:self._state = Nonedef __setstate__(self, state):self._state = state
sys.modules['module'] = Mock()
sys.modules['module'].Module = Module
module = torch.load('module.pth')
print(module._state)

{'_one': 1}