144. 二叉树的前序遍历

难度：简单

题目

给你二叉树的根节点 root ，返回它节点值的 前序 遍历。

示例 1：

输入：root = [1,null,2,3]
输出：[1,2,3]

示例 2：

输入：root = []
输出：[]

示例 3：

输入：root = [1]
输出：[1]

示例 4：

输入：root = [1,2]
输出：[1,2]

示例 5：

输入：root = [1,null,2]
输出：[1,2]

提示：

• 树中节点数目在范围 [0, 100] 内
• -100 <= Node.val <= 100

**进阶：**递归算法很简单，你可以通过迭代算法完成吗？

个人题解

方法一：递归

递归，最简单的前中后序遍历方式

/*** Definition for a binary tree node.* public class TreeNode {*     int val;*     TreeNode left;*     TreeNode right;*     TreeNode() {}*     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }*     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {*         this.val = val;*         this.left = left;*         this.right = right;*     }* }*/
class Solution {public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();process(result, root);return result;}private void process(List<Integer> result, TreeNode node) {if (node == null) {return;}result.add(node.val);process(result, node.left);process(result, node.right);}
}

方法二：迭代

/*** Definition for a binary tree node.* public class TreeNode {*     int val;*     TreeNode left;*     TreeNode right;*     TreeNode() {}*     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }*     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {*         this.val = val;*         this.left = left;*         this.right = right;*     }* }*/
class Solution {public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();if (root == null) {return result;}Deque<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>();stack.push(root);while (!stack.isEmpty()) {TreeNode cur = stack.pop();result.add(cur.val);if (cur.right != null) {stack.push(cur.right);}if (cur.left != null) {stack.push(cur.left);}}return result;}
}