今天分享一些代码，欢迎参考和学习，在上一篇博客的基础上加入了多线程，使得速度提升了十几倍，代码如下：

import csv
import random
import re
import threadingimport chardet
import pandas as pd
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver
import concurrent.futures
from datetime import datetime
from tqdm import tqdm
from urllib.parse import urljoin
import requestschrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 添加其他选项，如您的用户代理等
# ...
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')  # 无界面模式，可以加速爬取
# 指定 Chrome WebDriver 的路径
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='/usr/local/bin/chromedriver', options=chrome_options)
## 浏览器设置选项
# chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false')def get_time():"""获取随机时间"""return round(random.uniform(3, 6), 1)from random import choicedef get_user_agent():"""获取随机用户代理"""user_agents = ["Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",# "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",# "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",# "Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 2_1 like Mac OS X; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/525.18.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.1.1 Mobile/5F137 Safari/525.20",# "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux;u;Android 4.2.2;zh-cn;) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML,like Gecko) Version/5.1 Mobile Safari/10600.6.3 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)","Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)"]## 在user_agent列表中随机产生一个代理，作为模拟的浏览器user_agent = choice(user_agents)return user_agentdef get_page(list_url):"""获取包含特定关键字的留言链接"""user_agent = get_user_agent()headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}# Make the request using the requests libraryresponse = requests.get(list_url, headers=headers)if response.status_code == 200:html_content = response.text# 使用 BeautifulSoup 解析 HTMLsoup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')bump_elements = soup.find_all(class_='nump')# 提取数字并转换为整数nump_numbers = [int(element.text) for element in bump_elements]# 找出最大的数if nump_numbers:max_nump = max(nump_numbers)else:# 处理空序列的情况，例如给 max_nump 赋一个默认值max_nump = None  # 或者其他你认为合适的默认值return max_numpelse:print(f"Error: {response.status_code}")return Nonedef generate_urls(base_url, page_number, total_pages):urls = []for page in range(2, total_pages + 1, page_number):url = f"{base_url},f_{page}.html"urls.append(url)return urlsdef get_detail_urls_by_keyword(urls):comment, link, reads, date = [], [], [], []total_iterations = len(urls)# Create a tqdm instance for the progress barprogress_bar = tqdm(total=total_iterations, desc='Processing URLs', position=0, leave=True)# 在函数外定义一个锁lock = threading.Lock()def process_url(url):nonlocal comment, link, reads, date'''获取包含特定关键字的留言链接'''user_agent = get_user_agent()headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}# Make the request using the requests libraryresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers)encoding = chardet.detect(response.content)['encoding']# 解码响应内容if response.status_code == 200:html_content = response.content.decode(encoding)# 使用 BeautifulSoup 解析 HTMLsoup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')#print(html_content)# Extract and convert relative URLs to absolute URLswith lock:links = []author_elements = soup.select('div.author a')for element in author_elements:href = element.get('href')if href:absolute_url = urljoin('https:', href)links.append(absolute_url)links = ['https://i.eastmoney.com/' + text.split('"//i.eastmoney.com/')[-1].split('">')[0] for text inlinks]link = [link[len('https://i.eastmoney.com/'):] if link.startswith('https://i.eastmoney.com/') else link forlink in links]# Extract commentscomment_elements = soup.select('div.reply')for element in comment_elements:message_id = element.text.strip().split(':')[-1]comment.append(message_id)# Extract datespattern = re.compile(r'\d{1,2}-\d{1,2} \d{2}:\d{2}')# Find all matches in the textdate = pattern.findall(html_content)# Extract readsread_elements = soup.select('div.read')for element in read_elements:message_id = element.text.strip().split(':')[-1]reads.append(message_id)# Update the progress barprogress_bar.update(1)else:print(f"Error: {response.status_code}")# Create threads for each URLthreads = []for url in urls:thread = threading.Thread(target=process_url, args=(url,))thread.start()threads.append(thread)# Wait for all threads to completefor thread in threads:thread.join()# Close the progress barprogress_bar.close()return comment, link, reads, datedef extract_and_combine(url):match = re.search(r'\d{6}', url)if match:extracted_number = match.group()result = extracted_numberreturn resultelse:return Nonedef process_dates(date_list):processed_dates = []current_year = 2023for date_str in date_list:try:# Adjust the format string based on the actual format of your datadate_obj = datetime.strptime(date_str, "%m-%d %H:%M")# Check if processed_dates is not empty before accessing its last elementif processed_dates and date_obj.month < processed_dates[-1].month:current_year -= 1# Replace the year in date_obj with the updated current_yearprocessed_date = date_obj.replace(year=current_year)processed_dates.append(processed_date)except ValueError as e:print(f"Error processing date '{date_str}': {e}")return processed_datesdef write_to_csv_file(comment, link, reads, date, result):"""将数据写入 CSV 文件Parameters:comment (list): 评论数列表link (list): 链接列表title (list): 标题列表reads (list): 阅读数列表date (list): 日期列表result (str): 结果标识Returns:None"""# 指定 CSV 文件的路径csv_file_path = result + "_评论.csv"# 将数据写入 CSV 文件with open(csv_file_path, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as csv_file:csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_file)# 写入表头csv_writer.writerow(['评论数', '链接', '阅读数', '日期'])# 写入数据csv_writer.writerows(zip(comment, link, reads, date))print(f"CSV 文件已生成: {csv_file_path}")def filter_and_append_links(comment, link):"""过滤评论数大于等于0的链接并添加到 final_link 列表中Parameters:comment (list): 包含评论数的列表link (list): 包含链接的列表Returns:final_link (list): 过滤后的链接列表"""final_link = []for i in range(4, len(link)):comment_value = int(comment[i])if comment_value >= 0:final_link.append(link[i])return final_linkdef remove_duplicates(input_list):unique_list = []for item in input_list:if item not in unique_list:unique_list.append(item)return unique_listdef process_result_links(links):# 调用去重函数result_link = remove_duplicates(links)# 使用循环和 remove 方法移除包含子列表的元素for item in result_link[:]:  # 使用切片创建副本，以防止在循环中修改原始列表if 'list' in item:result_link.remove(item)return result_linkdef get_information_for_url(url):influence, age, location, fan = [], [], [], []user_agent = get_user_agent()headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}# Make the request using the requests libraryresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers)if response.status_code == 200:html_content = response.text# 使用 BeautifulSoup 解析 HTMLprint(html_content)soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')# 提取影响力信息# Extract agesage_elements = soup.select('div.others_level p:contains("吧龄") span')for element in age_elements:age_text = element.text.strip()age.append(age_text)# Extract locationslocation_elements = soup.select('p.ip_info')for element in location_elements:text = element.text.strip()match = re.search(r'：([^?]+)\?', text)if match:ip_location = match.group(1)location.append(ip_location)# Extract fansfan_elements = soup.select('div.others_fans a#tafansa span.num')for element in fan_elements:message_id = element.text.strip().split(':')[-1]fan.append(message_id)return influence, age, location, fanelse:print(f"Error: {response.status_code}")return Nonedef get_information(urls):influence, age, location, fan = [], [], [], []with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:results = list(tqdm(executor.map(get_information_for_url, urls), total=len(urls), desc="Processing URLs"))for result in results:influence.extend(result[0])age.extend(result[1])location.extend(result[2])fan.extend(result[3])return age, location, fandef write_to_csv(result_link, age, location, fan, result):# 构建 CSV 文件名csv_filename = result + "_用户.csv"# 将数据封装成字典列表data = [{"链接": link, "吧龄": a, "属地": loc, "粉丝": f}for link, a, loc, f in zip(result_link, age, location, fan)]# 使用 csv 模块创建 CSV 文件并写入数据，同时指定列名with open(csv_filename, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:fieldnames = ["链接", "吧龄", "属地", "粉丝"]writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)# 写入列名writer.writeheader()# 写入数据writer.writerows(data)print(f"Data has been written to {csv_filename}")def convert_to_guba_link(file_path):"""读取 Excel 文件中的六位数，将其转换为股吧链接Parameters:file_path (str): Excel 文件路径Returns:guba_links (list): 转换后的股吧链接列表"""guba_links = []try:# 读取 Excel 文件df = pd.read_excel(file_path)# 获取第一列的数据six_digit_numbers = df.iloc[:, 0]# 转换六位数为股吧链接for number in six_digit_numbers:# 使用 f-string 构建链接link = f"https://guba.eastmoney.com/list,{number:06d}.html"guba_links.append(link)except Exception as e:print(f"Error: {e}")return guba_linksdef main():"""主函数"""list_urls = convert_to_guba_link('number.xlsx')print('爬虫程序开始执行--->')i = 2for list_url in list_urls:page = 3print("总页数：",page)page_number = 1url_without_html = list_url.replace(".html", "")urls = generate_urls(url_without_html, page_number, page)print(urls)comment, link, reads, date = get_detail_urls_by_keyword(urls)print(comment)print(link)print(reads)print(date)date = process_dates(date)result = extract_and_combine(list_url)write_to_csv_file(comment, link, reads, date, result)link = process_result_links(link)age, location, fan = get_information(link)print(age)print(location)print(fan)write_to_csv(link, age, location, fan, result)print('抓取完个数：',i)i = i + 1if __name__ == '__main__':'''执行主函数'''main()