Hi, 大家好！我是程序员库里。
今天开始分享如何从0搭建UI组件库。这也是前端反卷计划中的一项。
在接下来的日子，我会持续分享前端反卷计划中的每个知识点。
以下是前端反卷计划的内容：
目前这些内容持续更新到了我的 学习文档 中。感兴趣的欢迎一起学习！
样式
使用scss来编写样式代码
样式结构我们采用如下的结构：
_variables.scss：各种变量以及可配置设置
_mixins.scss：全局mixins
_functions.scss：全局 functions
style.scss：组件单独的样式
以Button组件为例子：
-styles- _variables.scss- _mixins.scss- _functions.scss
-components- Button- style.scss
因为我们使用的是create-react-app创建的项目，但是create-react-app不支持scss，需要安装node-sass解决
pnpm install node-sass --save
因为我们做的是组件库，比如像antd design组件库是蓝色样式，所以我们做的组件库也需要设置色彩系统的样式，因为我们使用的是scss，所以我们可以将这些系统的样式颜色通过变量来定义，方便复用。
新建src/styles/_variables.scss
$white: #fff !default;
$gray-100: #f8f9fa !default;
$gray-200: #e9ecef !default;
$gray-300: #dee2e6 !default;
$gray-400: #ced4da !default;
$gray-500: #adb5bd !default;
$gray-600: #6c757d !default;
$gray-700: #495057 !default;
$gray-800: #343a40 !default;
$gray-900: #212529 !default;
$black: #000 !default;$blue: #0d6efd !default;
$indigo: #6610f2 !default;
$purple: #6f42c1 !default;
$pink: #d63384 !default;
$red: #dc3545 !default;
$orange: #fd7e14 !default;
$yellow: #fadb14 !default;
$green: #52c41a !default;
$teal: #20c997 !default;
$cyan: #17a2b8 !default;$primary: $blue !default;
$secondary: $gray-600 !default;
$success: $green !default;
$info: $cyan !default;
$warning: $yellow !default;
$danger: $red !default;
$light: $gray-100 !default;
$dark: $gray-800 !default;$theme-colors:
("primary": $primary,"secondary": $secondary,"success": $success,"info": $info,"warning": $warning,"danger": $danger,"light": $light,"dark": $dark
);$font-family-sans-serif: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji" !default;
$font-family-monospace: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", monospace !default;
$font-family-base: $font-family-sans-serif !default;// 字体大小
$font-size-base: 1rem !default; // Assumes the browser default, typically `16px`
$font-size-lg: $font-size-base * 1.25 !default;
$font-size-sm: $font-size-base * .875 !default;
$font-size-root: null !default;// 字重
$font-weight-lighter: lighter !default;
$font-weight-light: 300 !default;
$font-weight-normal: 400 !default;
$font-weight-bold: 700 !default;
$font-weight-bolder: bolder !default;
$font-weight-base: $font-weight-normal !default;// 行高
$line-height-base: 1.5 !default;
$line-height-lg: 2 !default;
$line-height-sm: 1.25 !default;// 标题大小
$h1-font-size: $font-size-base * 2.5 !default;
$h2-font-size: $font-size-base * 2 !default;
$h3-font-size: $font-size-base * 1.75 !default;
$h4-font-size: $font-size-base * 1.5 !default;
$h5-font-size: $font-size-base * 1.25 !default;
$h6-font-size: $font-size-base !default;// 链接
$link-color: $primary !default;
$link-decoration: none !default;
$link-hover-color: darken($link-color, 15%) !default;
$link-hover-decoration: underline !default;// body
$body-bg: $white !default;
$body-color: $gray-900 !default;
$body-text-align: null !default;// Spacing
$spacer: 1rem !default;$headings-margin-bottom: $spacer / 2 !default;
$headings-font-family: null !default;
$headings-font-style: null !default;
$headings-font-weight: 500 !default;
$headings-line-height: 1.2 !default;
$headings-color: null !default;// Paragraphs$paragraph-margin-bottom: 1rem !default;// 字体其他部分 heading list hr 等等
$headings-margin-bottom: $spacer / 2 !default;
$headings-font-family: null !default;
$headings-font-style: null !default;
$headings-font-weight: 500 !default;
$headings-line-height: 1.2 !default;
$headings-color: null !default;$display1-size: 6rem !default;
$display2-size: 5.5rem !default;
$display3-size: 4.5rem !default;
$display4-size: 3.5rem !default;$display1-weight: 300 !default;
$display2-weight: 300 !default;
$display3-weight: 300 !default;
$display4-weight: 300 !default;
$display-line-height: $headings-line-height !default;$lead-font-size: $font-size-base * 1.25 !default;
$lead-font-weight: 300 !default;$small-font-size: .875em !default;$sub-sup-font-size: .75em !default;$text-muted: $gray-600 !default;$initialism-font-size: $small-font-size !default;$blockquote-small-color: $gray-600 !default;
$blockquote-small-font-size: $small-font-size !default;
$blockquote-font-size: $font-size-base * 1.25 !default;$hr-color: inherit !default;
$hr-height: 1px !default;
$hr-opacity: .25 !default;$legend-margin-bottom: .5rem !default;
$legend-font-size: 1.5rem !default;
$legend-font-weight: null !default;$mark-padding: .2em !default;$dt-font-weight: $font-weight-bold !default;$nested-kbd-font-weight: $font-weight-bold !default;$list-inline-padding: .5rem !default;$mark-bg: #fcf8e3 !default;$hr-margin-y: $spacer !default;// Code$code-font-size: $small-font-size !default;
$code-color: $pink !default;
$pre-color: null !default;// options 可配置选项
$enable-pointer-cursor-for-buttons: true !default;// 边框 和 border radius$border-width: 1px !default;
$border-color: $gray-300 !default;$border-radius: .25rem !default;
$border-radius-lg: .3rem !default;
$border-radius-sm: .2rem !default;// 不同类型的 box shadow
$box-shadow-sm: 0 .125rem .25rem rgba($black, .075) !default;
$box-shadow: 0 .5rem 1rem rgba($black, .15) !default;
$box-shadow-lg: 0 1rem 3rem rgba($black, .175) !default;
$box-shadow-inset: inset 0 1px 2px rgba($black, .075) !default;// 按钮
// 按钮基本属性
$btn-font-weight: 400;
$btn-padding-y: .375rem !default;
$btn-padding-x: .75rem !default;
$btn-font-family: $font-family-base !default;
$btn-font-size: $font-size-base !default;
$btn-line-height: $line-height-base !default;//不同大小按钮的 padding 和 font size
$btn-padding-y-sm: .25rem !default;
$btn-padding-x-sm: .5rem !default;
$btn-font-size-sm: $font-size-sm !default;$btn-padding-y-lg: .5rem !default;
$btn-padding-x-lg: 1rem !default;
$btn-font-size-lg: $font-size-lg !default;// 按钮边框
$btn-border-width: $border-width !default;// 按钮其他
$btn-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba($white, .15), 0 1px 1px rgba($black, .075) !default;
$btn-disabled-opacity: .65 !default;// 链接按钮
$btn-link-color: $link-color !default;
$btn-link-hover-color: $link-hover-color !default;
$btn-link-disabled-color: $gray-600 !default;// 按钮 radius
$btn-border-radius: $border-radius !default;
$btn-border-radius-lg: $border-radius-lg !default;
$btn-border-radius-sm: $border-radius-sm !default;$btn-transition: color .15s ease-in-out, background-color .15s ease-in-out, border-color .15s ease-in-out, box-shadow .15s ease-in-out !default;// menu
$menu-border-width: $border-width !default;
$menu-border-color: $border-color !default;
$menu-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba($white, .15), 0 1px 1px rgba($black, .075) !default;
$menu-transition: color .15s ease-in-out, border-color .15s ease-in-out !default;// menu-item
$menu-item-padding-y: .5rem !default;
$menu-item-padding-x: 1rem !default;
$menu-item-active-color: $primary !default;
$menu-item-active-border-width: 2px !default;
$menu-item-disabled-color: $gray-600 !default;//sub-menu
//submenu
$submenu-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12), 0 0 6px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.04);//input
$input-padding-y: $btn-padding-y !default;
$input-padding-x: $btn-padding-x !default;
$input-font-family: $btn-font-family !default;
$input-font-size: $btn-font-size !default;
$input-font-weight: $font-weight-base !default;
$input-line-height: $btn-line-height !default;$input-padding-y-sm: $btn-padding-y-sm !default;
$input-padding-x-sm: $btn-padding-x-sm !default;
$input-font-size-sm: $btn-font-size-sm !default;$input-padding-y-lg: $btn-padding-y-lg !default;
$input-padding-x-lg: $btn-padding-x-lg !default;
$input-font-size-lg: $btn-font-size-lg !default;$input-bg: $white !default;
$input-disabled-bg: $gray-200 !default;
$input-disabled-border-color: null !default;$input-color: $gray-700 !default;
$input-border-color: $gray-400 !default;
$input-border-width: $border-width !default;
$input-box-shadow: $box-shadow-inset !default;$input-border-radius: $border-radius !default;
$input-border-radius-lg: $border-radius-lg !default;
$input-border-radius-sm: $border-radius-sm !default;$input-focus-bg: $input-bg !default;
$input-focus-border-color: lighten($primary, 25%) !default;
$input-focus-width: .2rem !default;
$input-focus-color: $input-color !default;
$input-focus-shadow-color: rgba($primary, .25) !default;
$input-focus-box-shadow: 0 0 0 $input-focus-width $input-focus-shadow-color !default;$input-placeholder-color: $gray-600 !default;
$input-plaintext-color: $body-color !default;$input-height-border: $input-border-width * 2 !default;$input-transition: border-color .3s ease-in-out, box-shadow .3s ease-in-out !default;$input-group-addon-color: $input-color !default;
$input-group-addon-bg: $gray-200 !default;
$input-group-addon-border-color: $input-border-color !default;// Progress bars$progress-font-size: $font-size-base * .75 !default;
$progress-bg: $gray-200 !default;
$progress-border-radius: $border-radius !default;
$progress-bar-color: $white !default;
$progress-bar-transition: width .6s ease !default;
3.2 重置样式
解决跨浏览器样式
src/styles/_reboot.scss
// stylelint-disable at-rule-no-vendor-prefix, declaration-no-important, selector-no-qualifying-type, property-no-vendor-prefix// Reboot
//
// Normalization of HTML elements, manually forked from Normalize.css to remove
// styles targeting irrelevant browsers while applying new styles.
//
// Normalize is licensed MIT. https://github.com/necolas/normalize.css// Document
//
// Change from `box-sizing: content-box` so that `width` is not affected by `padding` or `border`.
*,
*::before,
*::after {box-sizing: border-box;
}// Body
//
// 1. Remove the margin in all browsers.
// 2. As a best practice, apply a default `background-color`.
// 3. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in IE on Windows Phone and in iOS.
// 4. Change the default tap highlight to be completely transparent in iOS.
body {margin: 0; // 1font-family: $font-family-base;font-size: $font-size-base;font-weight: $font-weight-base;line-height: $line-height-base;color: $body-color;text-align: $body-text-align;background-color: $body-bg; // 2-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; // 3-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba($black, 0); // 4
}// Future-proof rule: in browsers that support :focus-visible, suppress the focus outline
// on elements that programmatically receive focus but wouldn't normally show a visible
// focus outline. In general, this would mean that the outline is only applied if the
// interaction that led to the element receiving programmatic focus was a keyboard interaction,
// or the browser has somehow determined that the user is primarily a keyboard user and/or
// wants focus outlines to always be presented.
//
// See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:focus-visible
// and https://developer.paciellogroup.com/blog/2018/03/focus-visible-and-backwards-compatibility/[tabindex="-1"]:focus:not(:focus-visible) {outline: 0 !important;
}// Content grouping
//
// 1. Reset Firefox's gray color
// 2. Set correct height and prevent the `size` attribute to make the `hr` look like an input field
// See https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_hr_sizehr {margin: $hr-margin-y 0;color: $hr-color; // 1background-color: currentColor;border: 0;opacity: $hr-opacity;
}hr:not([size]) {height: $hr-height; // 2
}// Typography
//
// 1. Remove top margins from headings
// By default, `<h1>`-`<h6>` all receive top and bottom margins. We nuke the top
// margin for easier control within type scales as it avoids margin collapsing.%heading {margin-top: 0; // 1margin-bottom: $headings-margin-bottom;font-family: $headings-font-family;font-style: $headings-font-style;font-weight: $headings-font-weight;line-height: $headings-line-height;color: $headings-color;
}h1 {@extend %heading;font-size: $h1-font-size;
}h2 {@extend %heading;font-size: $h2-font-size;
}h3 {@extend %heading;font-size: $h3-font-size;
}h4 {@extend %heading;font-size: $h4-font-size;
}h5 {@extend %heading;font-size: $h5-font-size;
}h6 {@extend %heading;font-size: $h6-font-size;
}// Reset margins on paragraphs
//
// Similarly, the top margin on `<p>`s get reset. However, we also reset the
// bottom margin to use `rem` units instead of `em`.p {margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: $paragraph-margin-bottom;
}// Abbreviations
//
// 1. Duplicate behavior to the data-* attribute for our tooltip plugin
// 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
// 3. Add explicit cursor to indicate changed behavior.
// 4. Prevent the text-decoration to be skipped.abbr[title],
abbr[data-original-title] { // 1text-decoration: underline; // 2text-decoration: underline dotted; // 2cursor: help; // 3text-decoration-skip-ink: none; // 4
}address {margin-bottom: 1rem;font-style: normal;line-height: inherit;
}ol,
ul {padding-left: 2rem;
}ol,
ul,
dl {margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 1rem;
}ol ol,
ul ul,
ol ul,
ul ol {margin-bottom: 0;
}dt {font-weight: $dt-font-weight;
}// 1. Undo browser defaultdd {margin-bottom: .5rem;margin-left: 0; // 1
}blockquote {margin: 0 0 1rem;
}// Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safarib,
strong {font-weight: $font-weight-bolder;
}// Add the correct font size in all browserssmall {font-size: $small-font-size;
}// Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in
// all browsers.sub,
sup {position: relative;font-size: $sub-sup-font-size;line-height: 0;vertical-align: baseline;
}sub { bottom: -.25em; }
sup { top: -.5em; }// Linksa {color: $link-color;text-decoration: $link-decoration;&:hover {color: $link-hover-color;text-decoration: $link-hover-decoration;}
}// And undo these styles for placeholder links/named anchors (without href).
// It would be more straightforward to just use a[href] in previous block, but that
// causes specificity issues in many other styles that are too complex to fix.
// See https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/19402a:not([href]) {&,&:hover {color: inherit;text-decoration: none;}
}// Codepre,
code,
kbd,
samp {font-family: $font-family-monospace;font-size: 1em; // Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
}// 1. Remove browser default top margin
// 2. Reset browser default of `1em` to use `rem`s
// 3. Don't allow content to break outsidepre {display: block;margin-top: 0; // 1margin-bottom: 1rem; // 2overflow: auto; // 3font-size: $code-font-size;color: $pre-color;// Account for some code outputs that place code tags in pre tagscode {font-size: inherit;color: inherit;word-break: normal;}
}code {font-size: $code-font-size;color: $code-color;word-wrap: break-word;// Streamline the style when inside anchors to avoid broken underline and morea > & {color: inherit;}
}// Figures// Apply a consistent margin strategy (matches our type styles).figure {margin: 0 0 1rem;
}// Images and contentimg {vertical-align: middle;
}// 1. Workaround for the SVG overflow bug in IE 11 is still required.
// See https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/26878svg {overflow: hidden; // 1vertical-align: middle;
}// Tables// Prevent double borderstable {border-collapse: collapse;
}caption {padding-top: .5rem;padding-bottom: .5rem;color: $text-muted;text-align: left;caption-side: bottom;
}// Matches default `<td>` alignment by inheriting from the `<body>`, or the
// closest parent with a set `text-align`.th {text-align: inherit;
}// Forms// 1. Allow labels to use `margin` for spacing.label {display: inline-block; // 1margin-bottom: .5rem;
}// Remove the default `border-radius` that macOS Chrome adds.
//
// Details at https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/24093button {// stylelint-disable-next-line property-blacklistborder-radius: 0;
}// Work around a Firefox/IE bug where the transparent `button` background
// results in a loss of the default `button` focus styles.
//
// Credit: https://github.com/suitcss/base/button:focus {outline: 1px dotted;outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;
}// 1. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safariinput,
button,
select,
optgroup,
textarea {margin: 0;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;
}// Show the overflow in Edgebutton,
input {overflow: visible;
}// Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefoxbutton,
select {text-transform: none;
}// Remove the inheritance of word-wrap in Safari.
//
// Details at https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/24990select {word-wrap: normal;
}// Remove the dropdown arrow in Chrome from inputs built with datalists.
//
// Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/54997118[list]::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator {display: none;
}// 1. Prevent a WebKit bug where (2) destroys native `audio` and `video`
// controls in Android 4.
// 2. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
// 3. Opinionated: add "hand" cursor to non-disabled button elements.button,
[type="button"], // 1
[type="reset"],
[type="submit"] {-webkit-appearance: button; // 2@if $enable-pointer-cursor-for-buttons {&:not(:disabled) {cursor: pointer; // 3}}
}// Remove inner border and padding from Firefox, but don't restore the outline like Normalize.::-moz-focus-inner {padding: 0;border-style: none;
}// Remove the default appearance of temporal inputs to avoid a Mobile Safari
// bug where setting a custom line-height prevents text from being vertically
// centered within the input.
// See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=139848
// and https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/11266input[type="date"],
input[type="time"],
input[type="datetime-local"],
input[type="month"] {-webkit-appearance: textfield;
}// 1. Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE.
// 2. Textareas should really only resize vertically so they don't break their (horizontal) containers.textarea {overflow: auto; // 1resize: vertical; // 2
}// 1. Browsers set a default `min-width: min-content;` on fieldsets,
// unlike e.g. `<div>`s, which have `min-width: 0;` by default.
// So we reset that to ensure fieldsets behave more like a standard block element.
// See https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/12359
// and https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-fieldset-and-legend-elements
// 2. Reset the default outline behavior of fieldsets so they don't affect page layout.fieldset {min-width: 0; // 1padding: 0; // 2margin: 0; // 2border: 0; // 2
}// 1. By using `float: left`, the legend will behave like a block element
// 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE.
// 3. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE.legend {float: left; // 1width: 100%;padding: 0;margin-bottom: $legend-margin-bottom;font-size: $legend-font-size;font-weight: $legend-font-weight;line-height: inherit;color: inherit; // 2white-space: normal; // 3
}mark {padding: $mark-padding;background-color: $mark-bg;
}// Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.progress {vertical-align: baseline;
}// Fix height of inputs with a type of datetime-local, date, month, week, or time
// See https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/18842::-webkit-datetime-edit {overflow: visible;line-height: 0;
}// 1. Correct the outline style in Safari.
// 2. This overrides the extra rounded corners on search inputs in iOS so that our
// `.form-control` class can properly style them. Note that this cannot simply
// be added to `.form-control` as it's not specific enough. For details, see
// https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/11586.[type="search"] {outline-offset: -2px; // 1-webkit-appearance: textfield; // 2
}// Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.::-webkit-search-decoration {-webkit-appearance: none;
}// Remove padding around color pickers in webkit browsers::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper {padding: 0;
}// 1. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari.
// 2. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.::-webkit-file-upload-button {font: inherit; // 1-webkit-appearance: button; // 2
}// Correct element displaysoutput {display: inline-block;
}// 1. Add the correct display in all browserssummary {display: list-item; // 1cursor: pointer;
}// Add the correct display for template & main in IE 11template {display: none;
}main {display: block;
}// Always hide an element with the `hidden` HTML attribute.[hidden] {display: none !important;
}
3.3 创建样式入口文件
创建src/styles/index.scss文件，将上面两个文件导入
// config
@import "variables";//layout
@import "reboot";
3.4 引入样式文件
在.storybook中引入
// .storybook/preview.ts
import type { Preview } from "@storybook/react";
import '../src/styles/index.scss'; // 引入样式文件
const preview: Preview = {parameters: {actions: { argTypesRegex: "^on[A-Z].*" },controls: {matchers: {color: /(background|color)$/i,date: /Date$/,},},},
};export default preview;
系列篇
前端反卷计划-组件库-01-环境搭建
前端反卷计划-组件库-02-storybook
持续更新
目前这些内容持续更新到了我的 学习文档 中。感兴趣的欢迎一起学习！
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